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V o l 1 I s s u e 6 J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4
1
Model Organism Special
Zebrafish
BBIIOOTTEECCHH EEXXPPRREESSSST he gist of LifeSciences
Vol 1 Issue 6 J anuar y 2014www.kashbiotech/biotechexpress Rs. 60
Great Indian Scientist
Charaka
IISCBangalore
India
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BIOTECH EXPRESSI n d i a s l e a d i n g m a g a z i n e f o r
B i o t e c h n o l o g y
EditorialC h i e f E d i t o r : P u n e e t S h a k y a
S e n i o r e d i t o r s : L o v k e s h s h a r m a , D i p i k a K h a n n a
C o n t r i b u t i n g E d i t o r : A n u j G a u t a m
P r i n c i p a l c o r r e s p o n d e n t : V a i b h a v S h a r m a
S p e c i a l c o r r e s p o n d e n t : K a u s h a l K u m a r B h a t i
P h o t o s a n d D e s i g n : S o n u K u m a r
G e n e r a l M a n a g e r ( c i r c u l a t i o n a n d a d v s ) :
N i k h i l M i s h r a ( 0 8 8 2 6 8 2 4 6 2 1 )
P u b l i s h e r , P r i n t e r a n d o w n e r : K a m a l P r a t a p
S i n g h
A d d r e s s : 3 1 / 4 , E x t - 1 , S h a l i m a r G a r d e n ,
S a h i b a b a d , G h a z i a b a d , U . P .
P r i n t e d a t : M o n e x o f f s e t , B - 1 2 S D c o m p l e x , n e a r
M M G h o s p i t a l , G h a z i a b a d .
A L L R I G H T R E S E R V E D . N o p a r t o f t h i s i s s u e
c a n b e p r i n t e d i n w h o l e o r i n p a r t w i t h o u t t h e
w r i t t e n p e r m i s s i o n o f t h e p u b l i s h e r . E d i t o r s a n d
p u b l i s h e r d o n o t t a k e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r a n y
m i s t a k e a l t h o u g h i n f o r m a t i o n s a r e b e s t t o
a s s e s s .
F o r a n y s u g g e s t i o n s o r q u e r y e - m a i l u s a t :
b i o t e c h e x p r e s s i n d i a @ g m a i l . c o m
V O L 1 I S S U E 6 J a n u a r y 2 0 1 4
Connecting...Academia. Industry. Government
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C O N T E N T S
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Activity zone
MCQ Microbiology(including previous years questions)
BioproposalsISCB Second call for preproposals (PIGEON PEA).Call for Proposals from agencies for Implementation andCoordination of Biotech Industrial Training Programme.Call for Proposals : SUPPORT OF NETWORKING ACTIVITIES.
IndoSwiss Joint Research Programme.Empowerment and Equity Opportunities for Excellence inScience (SERB).
ConferencesISGH conducting International Conference of Human GeneticsInternational Conference on Bioengineering 2014BioAsia 2014
BioNews
Adver ti sement for JRF posi tion in UGC Projec t - UDSC
NBRC Project Scientist recruitmnent
CFRD, Kerala - Lecturer Indraprastha College for Women - Ass istant Professor Saurashtra University - Assistant Professor Gargi college - Assis tant Professor JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY
C O N T E N T S
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General
Portrait of a model organism
The zebrafish (Danio rerio)c e l l u l a r o r g a n i s m s - E u k a r y o t a - F u n g i / M e t a z o a g r o u p - M e t a z o a -
E u m e t a z o a - B i l a t e r i a - C o e l o m a t a - D e u t e r o s t o m i a - C h o r d a t a - C r a n i a t a
- V e r t e b r a t a - G n a t h o s t o m a t a - T e l e o s t o m i - E u t e l e o s t o m i - A c t i n o p t e r y g i i
- A c t i n o p t e r i - N e o p t e r y g i i - T e l e o s t e i - E l o p o c e p h a l a - C l u p e o c e p h a l a -
O t o c e p h a l a - O s t a r i o p h y s i - O t o p h y s i - C y p r i n i p h y s i - C y p r i n i f o r m e s -
C y p r i n o i d e a - C y p r i n i d a e - R a s b o r i n a e - D a n i o - D a n i o r e r i o
T h e z e b r a f i s h ( D a n i o r e r i o ) i s a t r o p i c a l f r e s h w a t e r f i s h b e l o n g i n g t o
t h e m i n n o w f a m i l y ( C y p r i n i d a e ) o f o r d e r C y p r i n i f o r m e s . N a t i v e t o t h e
H i m a l a y a n r e g i o n , i t i s a p o p u l a r a q u a r i u m f i s h , f r e q u e n t l y s o l d
u n d e r t h e t r a d e n a m e z e b r a d a n i o . T h e z e b r a f i s h i s a l s o a n
i m p o r t a n t v e r t e b r a t e m o d e l o r g a n i s m i n s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h .
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General
Geographical Distribution
Why named zebrafish?
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The Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN) is an online
biological database of information about the zebrafish(Danio rerio). The zebrafish is a widely used modelorganism for genetic, genomic, and developmentalstudies, and ZFIN provides an integrated interface for querying and d isplaying the l arge volume of datagenerated by this research.
To facilitate use of the zebrafish as a model of human biology, ZFIN links these data to correspondinginformation about other model organisms (e.g., mouse)and to human di sease databases.
Abundant li nks to external sequence databases(e.g., GenBank) and to genome browsers are included.Gene product, gene expression, and phenotype data areannotated with terms from biomedical ontologies. ZFIN isbased at the University of Oregon in the United States,with funding provided by the National Institutes of Health(NIH).
ZFIN also maintains a database of zebrafish-relatedpublications, laboratories, people, and companies.In addition to its specialized search interfaces, ZFINprovides a Google-like global site search.ZFIN's community wiki gives zebrafish researchers theability to share information about laboratory protocolsand antibodies.
Z e b r a f i s h
I n f o r m a t i o n
N e t w o r k
Z F I N ' s r e l a t i o n a l d a t a b a s e i n t e r f a c e
p r o v i d e s q u e r y f o r m s a n d d i s p l a y
p a g e s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g b i o l o g i c a l
d a t a t y p e s :
Genes, markers, and clones
Gene expression
Antibodies
Sequence alignments(BLAST)
Mutants and transgeniclines
Anatomy
Genetic maps
General
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T h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a r e a t t r i b u t e d t o
A c h a r y a C h a r a k :
A p h y s i c i a n w h o f a i l s t o e n t e r t h e b o d y o f a
p a t i e n t w i t h t h e l a m p o f k n o w l e d g e a n d
u n d e r s t a n d i n g c a n n e v e r t r e a t d i s e a s e s . H e
s h o u l d f i r s t s t u d y a l l t h e f a c t o r s , i n c l u d i n g
e n v i r o n m e n t , w h i c h i n f l u e n c e a p a t i e n t ' s
d i s e a s e , a n d t h e n p r e s c r i b e t r e a t m e n t . I t i s
m o r e i m p o r t a n t t o p r e v e n t t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f
d i s e a s e t h a n t o s e e k a c u r e .
T h e s e r e m a r k s a p p e a r o b v i o u s t o d a y , t h o u g h
t h e y w e r e o f t e n n o t h e e d e d , a n d w e r e m a d e
b y C h a r a k a , i n h i s f a m o u s A y u r v e d i c t r e a t i s e
C h a r a k a S a m h i t a . T h e t r e a t i s e c o n t a i n s
m a n y s u c h r e m a r k s w h i c h a r e h e l d i n
r e v e r e n c e e v e n t o d a y . S o m e o f t h e m a r e i n
t h e f i e l d s o f p h y s i o l o g y , e t i o l o g y a n d
e m b r y o l o g y .
C h a r a k a w a s t h e f i r s t p h y s i c i a n t o p r e s e n t t h e
c o n c e p t o f d i g e s t i o n , m e t a b o l i s m a n d
i m m u n i t y . A c c o r d i n g t o h i s t r a n s l a t i o n s o f t h e
V e d a s , a b o d y f u n c t i o n s b e c a u s e i t c o n t a i n s
t h r e e d o s h a o r p r i n c i p l e s , n a m e l y m o v e m e n t
( v a t a ) , t r a n s f o r m a t i o n ( p i t t a ) a n d l u b r i c a t i o n
a n d s t a b i l i t y ( k a p h a ) . T h e d o s h a s a r e a l s o
s o m e t i m e s c a l l e d h u m o u r s , n a m e l y , b i l e ,
p h l e g m a n d w i n d . T h e s e d o s h a a r e p r o d u c e d
w h e n d h a t u s ( b l o o d , f l e s h a n d m a r r o w ) a c t
u p o n t h e f o o d e a t e n . F o r t h e s a m e q u a n t i t y o f
f o o d e a t e n , o n e b o d y , h o w e v e r , p r o d u c e s
d o s h a i n a n a m o u n t d i f f e r e n t f r o m a n o t h e r
b o d y . T h a t i s w h y o n e b o d y i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m
a n o t h e r . F o r i n s t a n c e , i t i s m o r e w e i g h t y ,
s t r o n g e r , m o r e e n e r g e t i c .
F u r t h e r , i l l n e s s i s c a u s e d w h e n t h e b a l a n c e
a m o n g t h e t h r e e d o s h a i n a h u m a n b o d y i s
d i s t u r b e d . T o r e s t o r e t h e b a l a n c e h e
p r e s c r i b e d m e d i c i n a l d r u g s . A l t h o u g h h e w a s
a w a r e o f g e r m s i n t h e b o d y , h e d i d n o t g i v e
t h e m a n y i m p o r t a n c e .
C h a r a k a k n e w t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f g e n e t i c s .
F o r i n s t a n c e , h e k n e w t h e f a c t o r s d e t e r m i n i n g
t h e s e x o f a c h i l d . A g e n e t i c d e f e c t i n a c h i l d ,
l i k e l a m e n e s s o r b l i n d n e s s , h e s a i d , w a s n o t
d u e t o a n y d e f e c t i n t h e m o t h e r o r t h e f a t h e r ,
b u t i n t h e o v u m o r s p e r m o f t h e p a r e n t s ( a n
a c c e p t e d f a c t t o d a y ) .
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C h a r a k a s t u d i e d t h e a n a t o m y o f t h e h u m a n
b o d y a n d v a r i o u s o r g a n s . H e g a v e 3 6 0 a s
t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f b o n e s , i n c l u d i n g t e e t h ,
p r e s e n t i n t h e b o d y . H e w r o n g l y b e l i e v e d
t h a t t h e h e a r t h a d o n e c a v i t y , b u t h e w a s
r i g h t w h e n h e c o n s i d e r e d i t t o b e a
c o n t r o l l i n g c e n t r e . H e c l a i m e d t h a t t h e h e a r t
w a s c o n n e c t e d t o t h e e n t i r e b o d y t h r o u g h
1 3 m a i n c h a n n e l s . A p a r t f r o m t h e s e
c h a n n e l s , t h e r e w e r e c o u n t l e s s o t h e r o n e s
o f v a r y i n g s i z e s w h i c h s u p p l i e d n o t o n l y
n u t r i e n t s t o v a r i o u s t i s s u e s b u t a l s o
p r o v i d e d p a s s a g e t o w a s t e p r o d u c t s . H e
a l s o c l a i m e d t h a t a n y o b s t r u c t i o n i n t h e
m a i n c h a n n e l s l e d t o a d i s e a s e o r d e f o r m i t y
i n t h e b o d y .
U n d e r t h e g u i d a n c e o f t h e a n c i e n t p h y s i c i a n
A t r e y a , A g n i v e s a h a d w r i t t e n a n
e n c y c l o p e d i c t r e a t i s e i n t h e e i g h t h c e n t u r y
B . C . H o w e v e r , i t w a s o n l y w h e n C h a r a k a
r e v i s e d t h i s t r e a t i s e t h a t i t g a i n e d p o p u l a r i t y
a n d c a m e t o b e k n o w n a s C h a r a k a s a m h i t a .
F o r t w o m i l l e n n i a i t r e m a i n e d a s t a n d a r d
w o r k o n t h e s u b j e c t a n d w a s t r a n s l a t e d i n t o
m a n y f o r e i g n l a n g u a g e s , i n c l u d i n g A r a b i c
a n d L a t i n .
A c c o r d i n g t o t h e C h a r a k a t r a d i t i o n , t h e r e
e x i s t e d s i x s c h o o l s o f m e d i c i n e , f o u n d e d b y
t h e d i s c i p l e s o f t h e s a g e P u n a r v a s u t r e y a .
E a c h o f h i s d i s c i p l e s , A g n i v e s h a , B h e l a ,
J a t k a r n a , P a r s h a r a , H r t a , a n d
K s h r a p n i , c o m p o s e d a S a m h i t . O f
t h e s e , t h e o n e c o m p o s e d b y A g n i v e s h a w a s
c o n s i d e r e d t h e b e s t . T h e A g n i v e s h a
S a m h i t w a s l a t e r r e v i s e d b y C h a r a k a a n d i t
c a m e t o b e k n o w n a s C h a r a k a S a m h i t .
T h e C h a r a k a S a m h i t w a s r e v i s e d b y
D r i d h b a l a .
y u r v e d a i s t r a d i t i o n a l l y d i v i d e d i n t o e i g h t
b r a n c h e s w h i c h , i n C h a r a k a ' s s c h e m e , a r e :
S t r a - S t h n a , g e n e r a l p r i n c i p l e s
N i d n a - S t h n a , p a t h o l o g y
V i m n a - S t h n a , d i a g n o s t i c s
S h a r r a - S t h n a , p h y s i o l o g y a n d a n a t o m y
I n d r i y a - S t h n a , p r o g n o s i s
C h i k i t s - S t h n a , t h e r a p e u t i c s & I n t e r n a l M e d i c i n e
K a l p a - S t h n a , p h a r m a c y
S i d d h i - S t h n a , s u c c e s s f u l t r e a t m e n t
T h e C h a r a k S a m h i t a c o n t a i n s 1 2 0 a d h y a y a s
( c h a p t e r s ) , d i v i d e d i n t o 8 p a r t s .
S u t r a S t h a n a
N i d a n S t h a n a
V i m a n S t h a n a
S h a r i r S t h a n a
I n d r i y a S t h a n a
C h i k i t s a S t h a n a
K a l p a S t h a n a
S i d d h i S t h a n a
T h e C h a r a k a S a m h i t a i s a m o n g t h e
e a r l i e s t s u r v i v i n g S a n s k r i t m e d i c a l
m a n u a l s , a n d t h e m o s t
a u t h o r i t a t i v e . T h e C h a r a k a S a m h i t a i s
l o n g , r u n n i n g t o 1 , 0 0 0 p a g e s i n
E n g l i s h t r a n s l a t i o n . I t r e p r e s e n t e d a
m a j o r a d v a n c e o v e r t h e s u p e r s i t i o u s
w a y s o f t r e a t i n g m e d i c a l p r o b l e m s o f
t h e A t h a r v a V e d a .
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Blood Can Transmit Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
B r e a k i n g r e s u l t : t h e b l o o d o f p a t i e n t s a f f e c t e d b y C J D c a r r i e s i n f e c t i v i t y
f i n f e c t i v i t y a n d t h e i n f e c t i o u s l o a d i n t h e b l o o d o f C J D
a f f e c t e d p a t i e n t s a r e s i m i l a r t o t h e o n e r e p o r t e d i n v a r i o u s a n i m a l m o d e l s o f P r i o n d i s e a s e s . T h i s c o n f i r m s
t h e v a l u e o f a n i m a l m o d e l s t o c h a r a c t e r i z e t r a n s m i s s i o n r i s k a s s o c i a t e d w i t h p r i o n d i s e a s e .
C o m p l e m e n t a r y s t u d i e s i n v o l v i n g a g r e a t e r n u m b e r o f C J D c a s e s a r e b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t . M e a n w h i l e , t h e
a v a i l a b l e r e s u l t s s h a l l a l l o w a r e f i n e m e n t o f t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e r i s k a s s e s s m e n t m o d e l s r e l a t e d t o t h e C J D
b l o o d - b o r n e t r a n s m i s s i o n r i s k .
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Bio Patch That Can RegrowBone
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Gene Therapyfor HumanSkin DiseaseProducesLong-TermBenefits
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Epigenetics EnigmaResolved
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Molecular Evolution of Genetic Sex-DeterminationSwitch in Honeybees
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Latest research
Scientists Discover HowImmune Cells Die During HIVInfection; Identify PotentialDrug to Block AIDS
New -- And Reversible --
Cause of Aging: NaturallyProduced CompoundRewinds Aspects of Age-Related Demise in Mice
A n a P . G o m e s , N a t h a n L . P r i c e ,
A l v i n J . Y . L i n g , J a v i d J . M o s l e h i ,
M a g d a l e n e K . M o n t g o m e r y , L u i s
R a j m a n , J a m e s P . W h i t e , J o o S .
T e o d o r o , C h r i s t i a n e D . W r a n n , B a s i l
P . H u b b a r d , E v i M . M e r c k e n , C a r l o s
M . P a l m e i r a , R a f a e l d e C a b o ,
A n a b e l a P . R o l o , N i g e l T u r n e r , E r i c
L . B e l l , D a v i d A . S i n c l a i r . D e c l i n i n g
N A D I n d u c e s a P s e u d o h y p o x i c S t a t e
D i s r u p t i n g N u c l e a r - M i t o c h o n d r i a l
C o m m u n i c a t i o n d u r i n g A g i n g . C e l l ,
2 0 1 3 ; 1 5 5 ( 7 ) : 1 6 2 4 D O I :
1 0 . 1 0 1 6 / j . c e l l . 2 0 1 3 . 1 1 . 0 3 7
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Latest research
The Origin of Flowers: DNA of Storied Plant ProvidesInsight Into the Evolution of Flowering Plants
A m b o r e l l a ( A m b o r e l l a t r i c h o p o d a ) i s u n i q u e a s t h e
s o l e s u r v i v o r o f a n a n c i e n t e v o l u t i o n a r y l i n e a g e t h a t
t r a c e s b a c k t o t h e l a s t c o m m o n a n c e s t o r o f a l l
f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s . T h e p l a n t i s a s m a l l u n d e r s t o r y t r e e
f o u n d o n l y o n t h e m a i n i s l a n d o f N e w C a l e d o n i a i n
t h e S o u t h P a c i f i c . A n e f f o r t t o d e c i p h e r t h e A m b o r e l l a
g e n o m e - - l e d b y s c i e n t i s t s a t P e n n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y ,
t h e U n i v e r s i t y a t B u f f a l o , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a , t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f G e o r g i a , a n d t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f
C a l i f o r n i a - R i v e r s i d e - - i s u n c o v e r i n g e v i d e n c e f o r t h e
e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o c e s s e s t h a t p a v e d t h e w a y f o r t h e
a m a z i n g d i v e r s i t y o f t h e m o r e t h a n 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 f l o w e r i n g
p l a n t s p e c i e s w e e n j o y t o d a y .
T h i s u n i q u e h e r i t a g e g i v e s A m b o r e l l a a s p e c i a l r o l e i n
t h e s t u d y o f f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s . " I n t h e s a m e w a y t h a t
t h e g e n o m e s e q u e n c e o f t h e p l a t y p u s - - a s u r v i v o r o f
a n a n c i e n t l i n e a g e - - c a n h e l p u s s t u d y t h e e v o l u t i o n
o f a l l m a m m a l s , t h e g e n o m e s e q u e n c e o f A m b o r e l l a
c a n h e l p u s l e a r n a b o u t t h e e v o l u t i o n o f a l l f l o w e r s , "
s a i d V i c t o r A l b e r t o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y a t B u f f a l o .
S c i e n t i s t s w h o s e q u e n c e d t h e A m b o r e l l a g e n o m e s a y
t h a t i t p r o v i d e s c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e t h a t t h e a n c e s t o r
o f a l l f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s , i n c l u d i n g A m b o r e l l a , e v o l v e d
f o l l o w i n g a " g e n o m e d o u b l i n g e v e n t " t h a t o c c u r r e d
a b o u t 2 0 0 m i l l i o n y e a r s a g o . S o m e d u p l i c a t e d g e n e s
w e r e l o s t o v e r t i m e b u t o t h e r s t o o k o n n e w f u n c t i o n s ,
i n c l u d i n g c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f f l o r a l
o r g a n s .
" G e n o m e d o u b l i n g m a y , t h e r e f o r e , o f f e r a n
e x p l a n a t i o n t o D a r w i n ' s " a b o m i n a b l e m y s t e r y " - - t h e
a p p a r e n t l y a b r u p t p r o l i f e r a t i o n o f n e w s p e c i e s o f
f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s i n f o s s i l r e c o r d s d a t i n g t o t h e
C r e t a c e o u s p e r i o d , " s a i d C l a u d e d e P a m p h i l i s o f
P e n n S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y . " G e n e r a t i o n s o f s c i e n t i s t s
h a v e w o r k e d t o s o l v e t h i s p u z z l e , " h e a d d e d .
C o m p a r a t i v e a n a l y s e s o f t h e A m b o r e l l a g e n o m e a r e
a l r e a d y p r o v i d i n g s c i e n t i s t s w i t h a n e w p e r s p e c t i v e
o n t h e g e n e t i c o r i g i n s o f i m p o r t a n t t r a i t s i n a l l
f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s - - i n c l u d i n g a l l m a j o r f o o d c r o p
s p e c i e s . " B e c a u s e o f A m b o r e l l a ' s p i v o t a l
p h y l o g e n e t i c p o s i t i o n , i t i s a n e v o l u t i o n a r y r e f e r e n c e
g e n o m e t h a t a l l o w s u s t o b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d g e n o m e
c h a n g e s i n t h o s e f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s t h a t e v o l v e d l a t e r ,
i n c l u d i n g g e n o m e e v o l u t i o n o f o u r m a n y c r o p p l a n t s
- - h e n c e , i t w i l l b e e s s e n t i a l f o r c r o p i m p r o v e m e n t , "
s t r e s s e d D o u g S o l t i s o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a .
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A s a n o t h e r e x a m p l e o f t h e v a l u e o f t h e A m b o r e l l a
g e n o m e , J o s h u a D e r a t P e n n S t a t e n o t e d " W e
e s t i m a t e t h a t a t l e a s t 1 4 , 0 0 0 p r o t e i n - c o d i n g g e n e s
e x i s t e d i n t h e l a s t c o m m o n a n c e s t o r o f a l l f l o w e r i n g
p l a n t s . M a n y o f t h e s e g e n e s a r e u n i q u e t o f l o w e r i n g
p l a n t s , a n d m a n y a r e k n o w n t o b e i m p o r t a n t f o r
p r o d u c i n g t h e f l o w e r a s w e l l a s o t h e r s t r u c t u r e s a n d
o t h e r p r o c e s s e s s p e c i f i c t o f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s . "
" T h i s w o r k p r o v i d e s t h e f i r s t g l o b a l i n s i g h t a s t o h o w
f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s a r e g e n e t i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m a l l
o t h e r p l a n t s o n E a r t h , " B r a d B a r b a z u k o f t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a s a i d , " a n d i t p r o v i d e s n e w c l u e s
a s t o h o w s e e d p l a n t s a r e g e n e t i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m
n o n - s e e d p l a n t s . "
J i m L e e b e n s - M a c k f r o m U G A n o t e d t h a t " T h e
A m b o r e l l a g e n o m e s e q u e n c e f a c i l i t a t e d
r e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e a n c e s t r a l g e n e o r d e r i n t h e
' c o r e e u d i c o t s , ' a h u g e g r o u p t h a t c o m p r i s e s a b o u t
7 5 p e r c e n t o f a l l a n g i o s p e r m s . T h i s g r o u p i n c l u d e s
t o m a t o , a p p l e a n d l e g u m e s , a s w e l l a s t i m b e r t r e e s
s u c h a s o a k a n d p o p l a r . " A s a n e v o l u t i o n a r y o u t s i d e r
t o t h i s d i v e r s e g r o u p , t h e A m b o r e l l a g e n o m e a l l o w e d
t h e r e s e a r c h e r s t o e s t i m a t e t h e l i n e a r o r d e r o f g e n e s
i n a n a n c e s t r a l e u d i c o t g e n o m e a n d t o i n f e r l i n e a g e -
s p e c i f i c c h a n g e s t h a t o c c u r r e d o v e r 1 2 0 m i l l i o n
y e a r s o f e v o l u t i o n i n t h e c o r e e u d i c o t .
A t t h e s a m e t i m e , A m b o r e l l a s e e m s t o h a v e a c q u i r e d
s o m e u n u s u a l g e n o m i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s i n c e i t s p l i t
f r o m t h e r e s t o f t h e f l o w e r i n g p l a n t t r e e o f l i f e . F o r
e x a m p l e , D N A s e q u e n c e s t h a t c a n c h a n g e l o c a t i o n s
o r m u l t i p l y w i t h i n t h e g e n o m e ( t r a n s p o s a b l e
e l e m e n t s ) s e e m t o h a v e s t a b i l i z e d i n t h e A m b o r e l l a
g e n o m e . M o s t p l a n t s s h o w e v i d e n c e o f r e c e n t b u r s t s
o f t h i s m o b i l e D N A a c t i v i t y , " B u t A m b o r e l l a i s u n i q u e
i n t h a t i t d o e s n o t s e e m t o h a v e a c q u i r e d m a n y n e w
m o b i l e s e q u e n c e s i n t h e p a s t s e v e r a l m i l l i o n y e a r s , "
s t a t e d S u e W e s s l e r o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f C a l i f o r n i a -
R i v e r s i d e . " I n s e r t i o n o f s o m e t r a n s p o s a b l e e l e m e n t s
c a n a f f e c t t h e e x p r e s s i o n a n d f u n c t i o n o f p r o t e i n -
c o d i n g g e n e s , s o t h e c e s s a t i o n o f m o b i l e D N A
a c t i v i t y m a y h a v e s l o w e d t h e r a t e o f e v o l u t i o n o f
b o t h g e n o m e s t r u c t u r e a n d g e n e f u n c t i o n . "
I n a d d i t i o n t o i t s u t i l i t y i n r e t r o s p e c t i v e s t u d i e s o f t h e
e v o l u t i o n o f f l o w e r i n g p l a n t s , t h e A m b o r e l l a g e n o m e
s e q u e n c e o f f e r s i n s i g h t s i n t o t h e h i s t o r y a n d
c o n s e r v a t i o n o f A m b o r e l l a p o p u l a t i o n s . T h e r e a r e
o n l y 1 8 k n o w n p o p u l a t i o n s o f t h i s v e r y s p e c i a l
a n g i o s p e r m i n m o u n t a i n o u s r e g i o n s N e w C a l e d o n i a .
" R e s e q u e n c i n g o f i n d i v i d u a l A m b o r e l l a p l a n t s a c r o s s
t h e s p e c i e s ' r a n g e r e v e a l s g e o g r a p h i c s t r u c t u r e w i t h
c o n s e r v a t i o n i m p l i c a t i o n s p l u s e v i d e n c e o f a r e c e n t ,
m a j o r g e n e t i c b o t t l e n e c k , " n o t e d P a m S o l t i s o f t h e
U n i v e r s i t y o f F l o r i d a . A s i m i l a r n a r r o w i n g o f g e n e t i c
v a r i a t i o n o c c u r r e d w h e n h u m a n s m i g r a t e d f r o m
A f r i c a t o f o u n d m o d e r n - d a y E u r a s i a n p o p u l a t i o n s .
Latest research
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Biodirectory
The Insti tute occupies nearly 400 acres of prime land in Bangalore,generously donated by the Maharaja of Mysore in March 1907. Indeed, thecontribution from the princely state of Mysore was the decisive element indetermining the location of J.N. Tatas proposed institution . Remarkably, ina gesture unmatched in the annals of private philanthropy in India, Tata didnot wish his name to be associated with the Institute. His dream was tocreate an instit ution that would contribute to the development of India. Thename, Indian Institute of Science, which was finally chosen, reflects inevery way the wishes of J.N. Tata. Visitors to Bangalore who seek out IIScstill have to ask local residents for directions to the Tata Institute, a clear recognition that Jamsetji Tatas act of generosity has remained undimmedin public memory, despite the passage of a century.
IISCBangalore
India
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Biodirectory
T h e I n d i a n I n s t i t u t e o f S c i e n c e ( I I S c )
w a s c o n c e i v e d a s a R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e o r
U n i v e r s i t y o f R e s e a r c h b y J a m s e t j i N u s s e r w a n j i
T a t a , i n t h e f i n a l y e a r s o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A l o n g
p e r i o d o f a l m o s t t h i r t e e n y e a r s w a s t o e l a p s e f r o m
t h e i n i t i a l c o n c e p t i o n i n 1 8 9 6 t o t h e b i r t h o f t h e
i n s t i t u t e o n M a y 2 7 , 1 9 0 9 . T h e e a r l y h i s t o r y o f t h e
I n s t i t u t e i s a f a s c i n a t i n g c h a p t e r i n t h e s t o r y o f h i g h e r
e d u c a t i o n a n d s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h i n I n d i a . T h e c a s t o f
c h a r a c t e r s i n t h e d r a m a t h a t l e d t o t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t
o f t h e I n s t i t u t e i n c l u d e s , i n a d d i t i o n t o i t s c h a r i s m a t i c
a n d g e n e r o u s f o u n d e r J . N . T a t a , f i g u r e s f r o m t h e
p a g e s o f I n d i a n h i s t o r y . T h e r e i s S w a m i
V i v e k a n a n d a , w h o m J . N . T a t a b e f r i e n d e d o n h i s
f a m o u s v o y a g e t o t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , t h e M a h a r a j a o f
M y s o r e , S h r i K r i s h n a r a j a W o d e y a r I V a n d h i s m o t h e r
t h e n a c t i n g o n h i s b e h a l f , a n d L o r d C u r z o n t h e
V i c e r o y o f I n d i a , w h o s e f i r s t t a s k o n a r r i v a l o n
D e c e m b e r 3 1 , 1 8 9 8 w a s t o r e c e i v e a d r a f t p r o p o s a l
p r e p a r e d b y t h e P r o v i s i o n a l C o m m i t t e e s e t u p t o p l a n
t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f t h e I n s t i t u t e . T h e p l a n w a s
s h e p h e r d e d t h r o u g h m a n y d i f f i c u l t y e a r s b y B u r j o r j i
P a d s h a h , a c l o s e a s s o c i a t e o f J . N . T a t a .
U n f o r t u n a t e l y , J . N . T a t a d i e d i n 1 9 0 4 u n a w a r e t h a t
h i s v i s i o n w o u l d i n d e e d b e r e a l i z e d a f e w y e a r s l a t e r .
W h e n t h e B r i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t f i n a l l y i s s u e d t h e
V e s t i n g O r d e r i n 1 9 0 9 , a n u n m a t c h e d e x p e r i m e n t i n
h i g h e r e d u c a t i o n a n d r e s e a r c h w a s l a u n c h e d i n
I n d i a . I I S c i s t r u l y t h e f i r s t e x a m p l e o f a p u b l i c - p r i v a t e
p a r t n e r s h i p i n t h i s c o u n t r y ; a n i n s t i t u t i o n , w h o s e
e v o l u t i o n o v e r a c e n t u r y i s t e s t i m o n y t o t h e
r o b u s t n e s s o f i t s f o u n d a t i o n s .
T h e I n s t i t u t e b e g a n w i t h o n l y t w o d e p a r t m e n t s :
G e n e r a l a n d A p p l i e d C h e m i s t r y a n d E l e c t r o -
T e c h n o l o g y . T h e f i r s t D i r e c t o r , M o r r i s W T r a v e r s
b e g a n t h e t a s k o f o r g a n i z i n g t h e I n s t i t u t e s h o r t l y a f t e r
h i s a r r i v a l i n I n d i a a t t h e e n d o f 1 9 0 6 . T r a v e r s b e g a n
t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f t h e m a i n b u i l d i n g , w h i c h i s o n e o f
B a n g a l o r e s l a n d m a r k s t o d a y . T h e D e p a r t m e n t s o f
O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y a n d B i o c h e m i s t r y w e r e a m o n g
t h e e a r l i e s t t o b e e s t a b l i s h e d . T h e P h y s i c s
d e p a r t m e n t c a m e i n t o b e i n g i n 1 9 3 3 , w h e n C . V .
R a m a n b e c a m e t h e f i r s t I n d i a n D i r e c t o r o f t h e
I n s t i t u t e . I n t h e c e n t u r y t h a t h a s p a s s e d s i n c e i t s
i n c e p t i o n , I I S c h a s g r o w n t o b e c o m e I n d i a s p r e m i e r
c e n t r e f o r r e s e a r c h a n d p o s t g r a d u a t e e d u c a t i o n i n
s c i e n c e a n d e n g i n e e r i n g . T h e e v o l u t i o n o f t h e
I n s t i t u t e o v e r t h e p a s t o n e h u n d r e d y e a r s h a s
m i r r o r e d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s c i e n c e a n d t e c h n o l o g y
i n I n d i a . A l o n g h i s t o r y , a s t r o n g t r a d i t i o n o f a c a d e m i c
r e s e a r c h a n d a n a m b i e n c e t h a t f a v o u r s s c h o l a r l y
a c t i v i t y h a v e b e e n i m p o r t a n t e l e m e n t s i n m a k i n g t h e
I n s t i t u t e a m o s t a t t r a c t i v e p l a c e f o r s t u d e n t s a n d
f a c u l t y . A s t h e I n s t i t u t e h a s g r o w n , s e v e r a l n e w a r e a s
o f r e s e a r c h h a v e b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d , m a n y o f t h e m f o r
t h e f i r s t t i m e i n I n d i a . T h e I n s t i t u t e s d e p a r t m e n t s i n
f i e l d s r a n g i n g f r o m B i o c h e m i s t r y t o A e r o s p a c e
E n g i n e e r i n g h a v e s e r v e d t o n u c l e a t e r e s e a r c h a n d
d e v e l o p m e n t i n b o t h t h e p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e s e c t o r s .
T h e f a c u l t y a n d a l u m n i o f t h e I n s t i t u t e h a v e b e e n
r e s p o n s i b l e f o r e s t a b l i s h i n g a n d s p e a r h e a d i n g m a n y
n e w i n s t i t u t i o n s a n d p r o g r a m s a c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y ,
r e f l e c t i n g i n a r e a l s e n s e , a m a j o r c o n t r i b u t i o n o f t h i s
c e n t r e o f l e a r n i n g t o n a t i o n a l g r o w t h a n d
d e v e l o p m e n t . H o m i B h a b h a c o n c e i v e d t h e i d e a o f
t h e T a t a I n s t i t u t e o f F u n d a m e n t a l R e s e a r c h ( T I F R )
a n d a n A t o m i c E n e r g y P r o g r a m w h i l e w o r k i n g i n t h e
D e p a r t m e n t o f P h y s i c s . V i k r a m S a r a b h a i , t h e
f o u n d e r o f I n d i a s s p a c e p r o g r a m w a s a n a l u m n u s .
F o l l o w i n g h i s p r e m a t u r e d e a t h , t h e I n d i a n S p a c e
R e s e a r c h O r g a n i z a t i o n ( I S R O ) w a s b u i l t b y t h e
f a r s i g h t e d l e a d e r s h i p o f S a t i s h D h a w a n , w h o
s i m u l t a n e o u s l y h e l d t h e p o s i t i o n o f t h e D i r e c t o r o f t h e
I n s t i t u t e w i t h t h e g r e a t e s t d i s t i n c t i o n . T h e f i r s t I n d i a n
I n s t i t u t e o f T e c h n o l o g y ( I I T ) a t K h a r a g p u r w a s
e s t a b l i s h e d b y J . C . G h o s h , w h o w a s t h e D i r e c t o r o f
I I S c i n t h e c r i t i c a l p e r i o d 1 9 3 9 - 4 8 , d u r i n g w h i c h m u c h
o f t h e a c t i v i t y i n e n g i n e e r i n g w a s i n i t i a t e d a t t h e
I n s t i t u t e . M a n y o f I n d i a s m o s t d i s t i n g u i s h e d
s c i e n t i s t s h a v e b e e n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e I n s t i t u t e a s
s t u d e n t s o r f a c u l t y . N o t a b l e a m o n g t h e m a r e G . N .
R a m a c h a n d r a n , H a r i s h C h a n d r a , S . R a m a s e s h a n , A .
R a m a c h a n d r a n , C . N . R . R a o a n d R . N a r a s i m h a .
A l u m n i o f t h e I n s t i t u t e h e a d m a n y m a j o r
o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n I n d i a a n d a b r o a d .
S i r J a m s h e d j i T a t a
3 M a r c h 1 8 3 9 1 9 M a y 1 9 0 4
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Biodirectory
I I S C o f f e r s a v a r i e t y o f M a s t e r s d e g r e e p r o g r a m s i n
E n g i n e e r i n g , a n i n t e g r a t e d P h . D . ( p o s t - B . S c . )
p r o g r a m i n S c i e n c e s a n d P h . D . p r o g r a m s i n a w i d e
s p e c t r u m o f d i s c i p l i n e s i n s c i e n c e a n d e n g i n e e r i n g .
L a s t y e a r t h e I n s t i t u t e l a u n c h e d a 4 - y e a r
u n d e r g r a d u a t e p r o g r a m l e a d i n g t o a B . S . d e g r e e ,
w i t h a n o p p o r t u n i t y f o r s t u d e n t s t o o b t a i n a b r o a d
f o u n d a t i o n i n s c i e n c e , i n c l u d i n g a n e x p o s u r e t o
r e s e a r c h .
T h e f a c e o f s c i e n c e a n d e n g i n e e r i n g r e s e a r c h h a s
b e e n c h a n g i n g v e r y r a p i d l y o v e r t h e p a s t f e w y e a r s .
I n a p p r o a c h i n g t h e s e c o n d c e n t u r y o f t h e I n s t i t u t e
m a n y n e w a c t i v i t i e s h a v e b e e n i n i t i a t e d . N o t a b l e
a m o n g t h e m a r e t h e i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y P h . D . p r o g r a m s
i n M a t h e m a t i c a l S c i e n c e s a n d N a n o s c i e n c e a n d
E n g i n e e r i n g . A n e w p r o g r a m i n B i o e n g i n e e r i n g h a s
b e e n l a u n c h e d t h i s y e a r . T h e s e p r o g r a m s a r e
i n t e n d e d t o b l u r t h e t r a d i t i o n a l b o u n d a r i e s b e t w e e n
d i s c i p l i n e s , t h e r e b y p r o m o t i n g c r o s s - d i s c i p l i n a r y
r e s e a r c h . N e w c e n t r e s i n t h e a r e a s o f E a r t h
S c i e n c e s , C l i m a t e C h a n g e a n d N e u r o s c i e n c e h a v e
b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d i n t h e l a s t f e w y e a r s .
T h e I n s t i t u t e e n g a g e s i n i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h s o c i e t y a n d
i n d u s t r y t h r o u g h a v a r i e t y o f o u t r e a c h p r o g r a m s . T h e
C e n t r e f o r S c i e n t i f i c a n d I n d u s t r i a l C o n s u l t a n c y
( C S I C ) a n d t h e S o c i e t y f o r I n n o v a t i o n a n d
D e v e l o p m e n t ( S I D ) p r o m o t e c o l l a b o r a t i v e
i n t e r a c t i o n s w i t h i n d u s t r y , w h i l e t h e C e n t r e f o r
C o n t i n u i n g E d u c a t i o n ( C C E ) p r o v i d e s a n o p p o r t u n i t y
f o r w o r k i n g s c i e n t i s t s a n d e n g i n e e r s t o e n r i c h
t h e m s e l v e s a c a d e m i c a l l y . T h e I n s t i t u t e a c t i v e l y
p r o m o t e s p r o g r a m s t h a t e n c o u r a g e b r i g h t y o u n g
s c h o o l a n d u n d e r g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t s t o u n d e r t a k e
r e s e a r c h c a r e e r s . T h e I n s t i t u t e a d m i n i s t e r s t h e
K i s h o r e V a i g y a n i k P r o t s a h a n Y o j a n a ( K V P Y ) p r o g r a m
o f t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y ( D S T ) .
T h e I n s t i t u t e s c o m m i t m e n t t o s o c i a l l y r e l e v a n t
r e s e a r c h i s s p e c i f i c a l l y e m p h a s i z e d b y t h e a c t i v i t i e s
u n d e r t a k e n a t t h e C e n t r e f o r S u s t a i n a b l e
T e c h n o l o g i e s ( C S T ) , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e K a r n a t a k a
S t a t e C o u n c i l f o r S c i e n c e a n d T e c h n o l o g y ( K S C S T ) ,
w h i c h i s h o u s e d o n t h e c a m p u s .
T h e I n s t i t u t e c o m p l e t e d a c e n t u r y o f e x i s t e n c e i n
2 0 0 9 . I t h a s e m b a r k e d o n a n e w p h a s e o f e x p a n s i o n
a n d r e n e w a l . T o l i v e a n d w o r k a t t h e I n s t i t u t e i s a
s p e c i a l p r i v i l e g e . T h e F a c u l t y , S t a f f a n d S t u d e n t s o f
t h e I n s t i t u t e c a n b e r i g h t l y p r o u d o f i t s p a s t a n d
o p t i m i s t i c a b o u t i t s f u t u r e .
C a m p u s
T h e I I S c c a m p u s i s l o c a t e d i n N o r t h B a n g a l o r e a b o u t
4 k i l o m e t e r s f r o m t h e B a n g a l o r e C i t y R a i l w a y S t a t i o n
a n d b u s s t a n d o n t h e w a y t o Y e s h w a n t p u r . T h e
I n s t i t u t e i s a b o u t 3 5 k i l o m e t r e s f r o m n e w B a n g a l o r e
I n t e r n a t i o n a l A i r p o r t . A n u m b e r o f o t h e r r e s e a r c h
i n s t i t u t e s v i z . R a m a n R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , I n d i a n
S p a c e R e s e a r c h O r g a n i z a t i o n ( I S R O ) , W o o d
R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e a n d C e n t r a l P o w e r R e s e a r c h
I n s t i t u t e ( C P R I ) a r e c l o s e t o I I S c .
continued on page 47
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Bioproposals
ISCB SECOND CALL FORPREPROPOSALS(PIGEON PEA)
.
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Bioproposals
Department of BiotechnologyMinistry of Science & Technology
Government of India
Call for Proposals fromagencies for Implementation andCoordination of Biotech Industrial Training Programme
from 2014-15 to 2016-17
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Bioproposals
Indo-Belgian Research andTechnology Cooperation
CALL FOR PROPOSALS: SUPPORT OF NETWORKING ACTIVITIESCall 16December 2013(projects' period:2014- 2017)
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Bioconferences
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERINGRESEARCH BOARD (SERB)
Departmentof Science&Technology, Governmentof IndiaCall for Research Proposals
Empowermentand Equity Opportunities for Excellence in Science
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Bioconferences
ISGH conducting InternationalConference of Human Genetics
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Bioconferences
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Bioconferences
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Bionews
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Bionotifications
Departmentof MicrobiologyUniversity of Delhi South Campus
Advertisement for JRF pos ition in UGC Project
A p p l i c a t i o n s a r e i n v i t e d f o r t h e p o s t o f J u n i o r R e s e a r c h F e l l o w ( o n e ) t o w o r k i n t h e U G C
r e s e a r c h p r o j e c t e n t i t l e d C l o n i n g a n d e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e c e l l - b o u n d p h y t a s e o f t h e y e a s t
Pichia anomala .
Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s :
M . S c . i n M i c r o b i o l o g y / B i o t e c h n o l o g y , w i t h s o u n d k n o w l e d g e o f m i c r o b e s , m i c r o b i a l e n z y m e s
a n d g e n e c l o n i n g w i t h N E T ( f e l l o w s h i p o r l e c t u r e s h i p ) / G A T E ( p e r c e n t i l e 9 0 a n d a b o v e ) .
T h e p o s i t i o n w i l l c o n t i n u e t i l l J u n e 2 0 1 5 . T h e e l i g i b l e c a n d i d a t e s s h o u l d s e n d C V b y m a i l
( t s p i u g c p r @ g m a i l . c o m ) o n o r b e f o r e J a n . 1 5 , 2 0 1 4 . T h e c a n d i d a t e s s e l e c t e d f o r i n t e r v i e w
w i l l b e i n t i m a t e d b y m a i l .
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Biojobs
Indraprastha Collegefor Women
Department : Life Science
Essential Qualifications :
Note :
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Biojobs
Saurashtra University,Rajkot
Saurashtra University, Rajkot invites an application for the followingPosts in Prescribed Performa fromthe Qualified Citizens of India.
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Biojobs
GARGI COLLEGE(University of Delhi)Siri Fort Road,New Delhi 110 049.
Botany 6
Microbiology 2
Zoology 8
Essential Qualifications for the post of Assistant Professor:
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Biojobs
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITYNEW DELHI-110067DVT. NO. RC/47/2014
HOW TO APPLY:
A p p l i c a t i o n F o r m c a n b e o b t a i n e d / s u b m i t t e d i n p e r s o n o n p a y m e n t o f R s . 5 0 0 / - b y d e m a n d
d r a f t b y c a n d i d a t e s b e l o n g i n g t o G e n e r a l & O B C c a t e g o r y o r c a n b e o b t a i n e d b y p o s t b y
s e n d i n g a d e m a n d d r a f t f o r R s . 5 2 0 / - ( R s . 5 0 0 / - p l u s R s . 2 0 / - p o s t a l c h a r g e s f o r G e n e r a l &
O B C c a t e g o r y ) . P a y a b l e o n a n y n a t i o n a l i z e d b a n k i n f a v o u r o f t h e F i n a n c e O f f i c e r ,
J a w a h a r l a l N e h r u U n i v e r s i t y p a y a b l e a t N e w D e l h i ( n o n - r e f u n d a b l e ) t o T h e S e c t i o n O f f i c e r ,
R e c r u i t m e n t C e l l , R o o m N o . 1 3 1 - 1 3 2 , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e B l o c k , J a w a h a r l a l N e h r u U n i v e r s i t y ,
N e w D e l h i 1 1 0 0 6 7 .
T h e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r m c a n a l s o b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m J N U w e b s i t e : w w w . j n u . a c . i n . a n d t h e
d u l y f i l l e d - i n a p p l i c a t i o n f o r m c a n b e s u b m i t t e d a l o n g w i t h t h e d e m a n d d r a f t o f R s . 5 0 0 / - i n
c a s e o f G e n e r a l a n d O B C c a t e g o r y t o t h e U n i v e r s i t y a t t h e a b o v e a d d r e s s .
T h e r e i s n o a p p l i c a t i o n f e e f o r S C / S T / P H c a n d i d a t e s . T h e y c a n a l s o o b t a i n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n
f o r m i n p e r s o n b y p r o d u c i n g t h e c o p y o f t h e c a s t e c e r t i f i c a t e .
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IISC Library
Central computing facility
Ranking
Facilities for researchers at IISC
Biodirectory
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Faculty of Science at IISC
Division of Biological Sciences
Biodirectory
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5 0
Bioactivity
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