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A gardener and grandmother with aninterest in local history became intriguedby her schoolgirl memories of aforbidding building in her Irishhometown: the St. Mary’s Mother andBaby Home, a place for “fallen” womenand their “illegitimate” children. Butevery question she posed seemed to leadto a darker place. The dead, she learned,don’t always stay buried. By Dan Barry.
SPECIAL REPORT, SECTION D
THE LOST CHILDREN OF TUAM
When the benefits adviser TedBenna first thought up a new typeof employee savings plan in 1980,the client he created it for rejectedthe idea as too risky. After all, noone had previously used the unre-markable section of the tax codecalled 401(k) to defer paying taxeson money that rank-and-file work-ers set aside for retirement.
So Mr. Benna decided to try itout at his own workplace, JohnsonCompanies, a small consultingfirm outside Philadelphia.
Without intending to, Mr. Bennaset off a revolution. Nearly 40years later, 401(k) accounts arethe most common employer-spon-sored retirement plans and a rafton which millions of Americanshope to float through retirement.
Suddenly, though, they are alsoat the center of a battle around thetax overhaul promised by Presi-dent Trump and Republican lead-ers in Congress. A proposal toslash the amount of money work-ers can put in tax-deferred retire-ment accounts set off alarmsamong savers and members of thefinancial services industry, whocontend that limiting the taxbreak would discourage contribu-tions to 401(k) plans.
Many workers once could de-pend on defined-benefit pensions,but those plans — expensive foremployers — have mostly gonethe way of the Walkman. Instead,workers were left with the respon-sibility of saving for retirementthemselves, with individual re-tirement accounts or 401(k)’s. Theswitch has meant less security.
Three out of four Americansworry that they will not haveenough money to get throughtheir retirements, according to theNational Institute on RetirementSecurity. About 45 percent havenot saved a cent toward it.
Mr. Trump, sensitive to the fire-storm that could be provoked bylimits on 401(k) contributions,tweeted that there would “be NOchange” to this “great and popularmiddle class tax break” — beforeconceding it might be a part of leg-islative horse-trading.
Representative Kevin Brady ofTexas, the principal Republicanarchitect of the tax plan in theHouse, also scrambled to reassurecritics that a rewrite would not un-dermine retirement savings.
“All the focus is on, can we helppeople save more,” he said.
Yet for all the alarming rhetoricabout crushed nest eggs, there area couple of things to keep in mind.
First, the debate on Capitol Hillis not really about retirement; it’sabout lawmakers’ feverish huntfor revenue to finance tax cuts.Second, no matter what happens,
Plan by G.O.P.Pits Retirement
Against Taxes
Looking at a Reductionin Limits on 401(k)’s
By PATRICIA COHEN
Continued on Page 20
As North Korea races to build aweapon that for the first timecould threaten American cities, itsneighbors are debating whetherthey need their own nuclear ar-senals.
The North’s rapidly advancingcapabilities have scrambled mili-tary calculations across the re-gion, and doubts are growing theUnited States will be able to keepthe atomic genie in the bottle.
For the first time in recentmemory, there is a daily argumentraging in both South Korea and Ja-pan — sometimes in public, moreoften in private — about the nucle-ar option, driven by worry that theUnited States might hesitate todefend the countries if doing somight provoke a missile launchedfrom the North at Los Angeles orWashington.
In South Korea, polls show 60percent of the population favorsbuilding nuclear weapons. Andnearly 70 percent want the UnitedStates to reintroduce tactical nu-clear weapons for battlefield use,which were withdrawn a quarter-century ago.
There is very little public sup-port for nuclear arms in Japan, theonly nation ever to suffer a nucle-ar attack, but many experts be-lieve that could reverse quickly ifNorth and South Korea both hadarsenals.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe hascampaigned for a military buildupagainst the threat from the North,and Japan sits on a stockpile of nu-clear material that could power anarsenal of 6,000 weapons. LastSunday, he won a commandingmajority in parliamentary elec-tions, fueling his hopes of revisingthe nation’s pacifist Constitution.
This brutal calculus over how torespond to North Korea is takingplace in a region where severalnations have the material, thetechnology, the expertise and themoney to produce nuclear weap-ons.
Beyond South Korea and Japan,there is already talk in Australia,Myanmar, Taiwan and Vietnamabout whether it makes sense toremain nuclear-free if others armthemselves — heightening fearsthat North Korea could set off achain reaction in which one nationafter another feels threatened andbuilds the bomb.
In a recent interview, Henry A.Kissinger, one of the few nuclear
ALLIES RATTLEDBY NORTH KOREARETHINK OPTIONS
FEAR ABOUT U.S. RESOLVE
Rising Insecurity AcrossAsia Spurs Debate on
Nuclear Weapons
This article is by David E. Sanger,Choe Sang-Hun and Motoko Rich.
Continued on Page 13
LOMA LINDA, Calif. — “This is yourlife,” the doctor said. “You’re a quadriple-gic.”
When she heard the news, Kim Gervaisbroke down. The tears rolled out, and herdaughter clasped her mother’s head, over-come by her own inability to help.
Then came Ms. Gervais’s trip home toSouthern California. And here she was,three weeks after the shooting, strappedinto a wheelchair at a rehabilitation clinic,toughing it out with a physical therapistand straining to drink from a sippy cup as
her toddler grandchildren looked on.This is the road after Las Vegas, after a
high-stakes gambler named Stephen Pad-dock hauled powerful weapons into agilded resort and opened fire on a countrymusic festival below. The journey — as thesurvivors of so many other Americanmass shootings will say — is one full ofchronic pain, fights with insurance, ruinedmarriages, lost jobs, anguished parentsand children, and the injustice of beingforced into a new identity: victim.
And this time, with 58 people dead, atleast 161 pierced by bullets, and more than20,000 concertgoers from around the
country left to soak in the memories ofthat night, the web of trauma spans fromcoast to coast, linking the casualties of thisattack with those of all the others. SanBernardino. Aurora. Orlando. Newtown.And on and on.
Some people left Las Vegas with a fewtrample wounds and the vision of a nightgone horribly wrong. Others face radi-cally altered lives.
Ms. Gervais went to the concert withtwo friends, Dana Smith and Pati Mestas.For years they had attended country
Kim Gervais, far right, at acountry music club with Dana
Smith, center, and Pati Mestas,who had attended shows togeth-er for years. Ms. Gervais was left
a quadriplegic after the Oct. 1mass shooting in Las Vegas,
and Ms. Mestas was killed. Ms. Smith was uninjured.
Paralyzed in Las Vegas, and Joining The Ranks of the Forgotten Victims
A memorial to the victims. After mass shootings, much attention goes to those killed, but survivors face a special burden.JOHN LOCHER/ASSOCIATED PRESS
By JULIE TURKEWITZ
Continued on Page 21
In late September, just as multi-ple women were days away fromgoing on the record with reports ofsexual misconduct by the Holly-wood producer Harvey Weinstein,one of his accusers, Rose McGow-an, considered an offer that sug-gested just how desperate he hadbecome.
Ms. McGowan, who was work-ing on a memoir called “Brave,”had spoken privately over theyears about a 1997 hotel room en-counter with Mr. Weinstein andhinted at it publicly. Through herlawyer, she said, someone close to
Mr. Weinsteinoffered herhush money:$1 million, in ex-change for sign-ing a nondisclo-sure agree-ment.
In 1997, Ms.McGowan hadreached a
$100,000 settlement with Mr.Weinstein, but that agreement,she learned this summer, hadnever included a confidentialityclause. Ms. McGowan, who wasmost widely known for her role asa witch on the WB show“Charmed,” had recently devel-
oped a massive following as afiery feminist on Twitter, but shewas now, at 44, a multimedia art-ist, no longer acting, her funds de-pleted by health care costs for herfather, who died eight years ago.
“I had all these people I’m pay-ing telling me to take it so that Icould fund my art,” Ms. McGowansaid in an interview. She re-sponded by asking for $6 million,part counteroffer, part slow tor-ture of her former tormentor, shesaid. “I figured I could probablyhave gotten him up to three,” shesaid. “But I was like — ew, gross,you’re disgusting, I don’t wantyour money, that would make me
Refusing Hush Money, and Calling Out Hollywood
By SUSAN DOMINUS
Rose McGowan
Continued on Page 22
OCEANSIDE, Calif. — GamAung, a Burmese refugee, hadnever heard of sushi before arriv-ing in the United States threeyears ago. Today, he makes six fig-ures a year hawking creations likethe Dazzling Dragon roll and theMango Tango.
Over two years, Mr. Aung, whonever finished high school and isstill working on his English, went
from running one grocery-storesushi counter to three. Along theway, he saved enough for a$700,000 house and trained 10 fel-low Burmese to follow in his foot-steps.
“I came true with my Americandream,” said Mr. Aung, 38, stand-ing behind his sushi display insidea supermarket in this SouthernCalifornia town.
There is a long American tradi-tion of immigrant communities
dominating certain business sec-tors, recruiting their compatriotsand building their way to the mid-dle class. Many examples are fa-miliar. Greek diners. Chineselaundries. Vietnamese nail salons.
You may not have heard ofBurmese sushi counters.
But the workers assemblingCalifornia rolls behind the coun-ters in most grocery stores are al-most certainly not Japanese.Many are refugees from Myan-
mar, the Southeast Asian countryformerly known as Burma, wherecivil conflicts have over the yearsdisplaced hundreds of thousandsof people of various ethnic minor-ities, like the Chin, the Kachin, theKaren and most recently the Ro-hingya.
Tens of thousands of Burmese,like Mr. Aung, who is Kachin, havein recent years been resettled inthe United States. And sushi,
Sushi (Japanese) + Immigrants (Burmese) = Dream (American)By MIRIAM JORDAN
Continued on Page 4
The country created an armed unit todefend its elephants, which were beingthreatened not only by poachers butalso by terrorists and bandits. PAGE 8
INTERNATIONAL 6-16
An Elephant Brigade in MaliWhite supremacist rallies are oftenfueled by travelers from afar, challeng-ing local police officers who must dealwith unfamiliar faces. PAGE 21
NATIONAL 17-23
When Racism Hits the RoadLos Angeles rallied for a 6-2 victory overthe Houston Astros, who were undoneby a shaky bullpen. The World Series istied at two games apiece. PAGE 1
SPORTSSUNDAY
Dodgers Take Game 4Adam Bryant, in his final Corner Officecolumn, writes about lessons from adecade of interviewing chief executivesabout how they lead. PAGE 1
SUNDAY BUSINESS
How to Be the Big Boss
U(D5E71D)x+&!&!_!#!_
Maureen Dowd PAGE 2
SUNDAY REVIEW
Late Edition
VOL. CLXVII . . No. 57,765 © 2017 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, SUNDAY, OCTOBER 29, 2017
Today, heavy rain, areas of flooding,breezy, high 68. Tonight, rain, heavyearly, areas of flooding, windy, low54. Tomorrow, rain early, windy,high 57. Weather map, Page A24.
$6.00
