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Judaism
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Monotheistic
• Believed there was only one god– All knowing, all powerful
(fancy word?)– History reflected God’s
plan for people
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Torah
• Sacred text• First 5 books of Hebrew
Bible – Genesis– Exodus– Leviticus– Numbers– Deuteronomy
• Hebrew Bible has 24 books
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Abraham
• Lived near Ur!– Migrated to Canaan
(2000 BCE)– ‘Father of Israelite
People’
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Covenant
• Binding agreement– Made with Abraham
– Basis of 2 key beliefs of Judaism:• Special relationship with
Abraham and descendents– Israelites were God’s
“chosen people”• Canaan would one day
belong to Israelites
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Kingdom of Israel
• Set up by 1000 BCE– 12 separate tribes
feuded until then
• David united tribes into single nation– Son Solomon followed as
king• Turned Jerusalem into
impressive capital• Builds great temple
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Division and Conquest
• High taxes and forced labor– Revolts erupted 922 BCE
• Split into Israel in north and Judah in south– Assyrians conquered Israel– Babylonians conquered
Judah
• Persian Cyrus the Great freed Israelites– Most came from kingdom of
Judah= called Jews
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Law and Morality
• What types of laws?– Cleanliness, food
preparation, crimes
• Society was patriarchal– Men held authority
• Women had few rights
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Ten Commandments
• Given to Jews through Moses– Religious duties (first 4)– Conduct toward others
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Ethics
• Moral standards of behavior– Taught by prophets
• Personal morality• Social justice
• All people equal before God– Leaders bound to obey
God’s law
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Diaspora
• 500 years– Began with Babylonian
captivity– Spreading out
• Maintained identity as a people – close-knit communities– Obeyed religious laws
and traditions