LUNG CAPACITY
Under normal conditions, your regular breathing does not use up the full capacity of you lungs. As your body’s needs increase, so does the volume of air drawn into your lungs.
TIDAL VOLUME:
INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME:
Normal inhalation an normal exhalation (normal breathing)
The maximum inhale after a normal inhalation
EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME:
VITAL CAPACITY
The maximum exhalation after a normal exhalation
The total volume of gas that can be moved in or out of lungs
TV + IRV + ERV = VC
RESIDUAL VOLUME
RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY
Volume of air always left in lungs to prevent collapse (dead air)
Rate at which oxygen can be transferred into the bloodstream for transport to the rest of the body
OXYGEN TRANSPORT Is the respiratory
pigment found in the rbc’s that binds to oxygen
The molecule that is created when the two bond is called
When oxygen concentrations are high, hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and will form a loose bond, this occurs in the
Hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin
Lungs/alveoli
When oxygen concentrations are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen to deliver it to areas of low concentration, this occurs in the
Equation: alveoli Hb + O2 HbO2
tissues
Tissue capillaries
CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT
Carbon dioxide is much more soluble than oxygen and therefore it doesn’t have any special transporters
Approximately 9% of the carbon dioxide produced in our cells is carried in the
__________ , approximately 27% combines with to form
_________, and the remaining 64% combines with to form ______________ (H2CO3)
PlasmaHemoglobin
Carbaminohemoglobinwater
Carbonic acid
An enzyme called speeds up this reaction, this allows
carbon dioxide concentration in the blood to stay low which in turn makes sure that carbon dioxide continues to diffuse into the blood
Because our body is creating an acid, this can change the in the blood, which can actually cause death.
To combat these pH changes we have
Carbonic anhydrase
pH
buffers
A buffer is substance that acids and bases, thus maintaining
the original pH of the solution
Carbonic acid is unstable and dissociates into (HCO3
-) and (H+)
Acts as a buffer, because it binds with the hydrogen ions to increase the pH of the blood back to normal
neutralizes
Bicarbonate ionsHydrogen ions
hemoglobin
Once the venous blood that is carrying carbon dioxide in all of its forms has reached the lungs, the oxygen dislodges the hydrogen ions so that they can combine with the to form
The highly concentrated carbon dioxide diffuses from the into the
______ and is eventually eliminated during
Bicarbonate ionsCarbon dioxide and water
bloodlungs
exhalation
Equations for carbon dioxide transport:
In class:
-Read pg 260-261 “Mechanics of Breathing”
-Answer Questions pg 267 # 1, 2
-Read Section 8.4 pg. 268-273 “Control and Regulation”
-Answer Questions pg. 273 # 1-3