LUNG CAPACITY

Under normal conditions, your regular breathing does not use up the full capacity of you lungs. As your body’s needs increase, so does the volume of air drawn into your lungs.

TIDAL VOLUME:

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME:

Normal inhalation an normal exhalation (normal breathing)

The maximum inhale after a normal inhalation

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME:

VITAL CAPACITY

The maximum exhalation after a normal exhalation

The total volume of gas that can be moved in or out of lungs

TV + IRV + ERV = VC

RESIDUAL VOLUME

RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY

Volume of air always left in lungs to prevent collapse (dead air)

Rate at which oxygen can be transferred into the bloodstream for transport to the rest of the body

OXYGEN TRANSPORT Is the respiratory

pigment found in the rbc’s that binds to oxygen

The molecule that is created when the two bond is called

When oxygen concentrations are high, hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and will form a loose bond, this occurs in the

Hemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin

Lungs/alveoli

When oxygen concentrations are low, hemoglobin releases oxygen to deliver it to areas of low concentration, this occurs in the

Equation: alveoli Hb + O2 HbO2

tissues

Tissue capillaries

CARBON DIOXIDE TRANSPORT

Carbon dioxide is much more soluble than oxygen and therefore it doesn’t have any special transporters

Approximately 9% of the carbon dioxide produced in our cells is carried in the

__________ , approximately 27% combines with to form

_________, and the remaining 64% combines with to form ______________ (H2CO3)

PlasmaHemoglobin

Carbaminohemoglobinwater

Carbonic acid

An enzyme called speeds up this reaction, this allows

carbon dioxide concentration in the blood to stay low which in turn makes sure that carbon dioxide continues to diffuse into the blood

Because our body is creating an acid, this can change the in the blood, which can actually cause death.

To combat these pH changes we have

Carbonic anhydrase

pH

buffers

A buffer is substance that acids and bases, thus maintaining

the original pH of the solution

Carbonic acid is unstable and dissociates into (HCO3

-) and (H+)

Acts as a buffer, because it binds with the hydrogen ions to increase the pH of the blood back to normal

neutralizes

Bicarbonate ionsHydrogen ions

hemoglobin

Once the venous blood that is carrying carbon dioxide in all of its forms has reached the lungs, the oxygen dislodges the hydrogen ions so that they can combine with the to form

The highly concentrated carbon dioxide diffuses from the into the

______ and is eventually eliminated during

Bicarbonate ionsCarbon dioxide and water

bloodlungs

exhalation

Equations for carbon dioxide transport:

In class:

-Read pg 260-261 “Mechanics of Breathing”

-Answer Questions pg 267 # 1, 2

-Read Section 8.4 pg. 268-273 “Control and Regulation”

-Answer Questions pg. 273 # 1-3