Download - Languages and the History of English
![Page 1: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Languages and the History of English
English 112
![Page 2: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Indo-European Languages
• English is an Indo-European language
• It’s part of the Germanic subfamily of Indo-European languages
• What does that mean?
![Page 3: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
…Babel?
![Page 4: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Dissemination
![Page 5: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Indo-European Family Tree
![Page 6: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Indo-European Languages Today
![Page 7: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
When did English appear?
• About 600 A.D. or so, when the Anglo-Saxons, or Angles, conquered Britain
• At the time, Britain was called Britannia by the Romans, and Prydain by the local peoples, who were driven north into Ireland and Scotland
• The Anglo-Saxons gave the southern part of Britain the name England (“Angle-land”)
![Page 8: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anglo-Saxon (Old English)
• Spoken from about 600 A.D. to 1066 A.D.
• Bore strong resemblance to the German of the time
• Featured a slightly different alphabet, with letters such as thorn (Þ, þ) and eth (Ð, ð)
• No longer comprehensible to most Modern English speakers
![Page 10: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Caedmon and Bede
![Page 11: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Beowulf
![Page 12: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Middle English
• 1066 A.D.-1500
• Middle English is much more similar to Modern English
• It consists of Old English, plus Middle French, some Arabic, and some Latin
• …how did those languages get in there?
![Page 13: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Norman Conquest
![Page 14: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
French Vs. English
–Animals (Old English Origins)
•Cow
•Swine
•Chicken
–Meats (Middle French Origins)•Beef•Pork•Poultry
![Page 15: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Guess where the word comes from!(French, Old English, Latin, Arabic)
•Alcohol
•Timber
•Heaven
•Govern
•Stone
•Candle
•Orange
•CourtArabic - naranj
French – cohors, “an enclosed space”French - governer
OE - heofonah
OE – timbrod, “build”
OE - stan
Latin - candelarius
Arabic – al-kol, “spirit”
![Page 16: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chaucer, Mallory, Langland, the Pearl Poet
![Page 17: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Early Modern English
• Standardization of grammar and spelling occurred slowly
• In the interim between Chaucer and our modern English, people spoke EME, which is archaic, but comprehensible to the modern speaker
• 1500-1799
![Page 18: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Shakespeare, Milton, KJV, Austen
![Page 19: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Standardization of Spelling
![Page 20: Languages and the History of English](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56813bea550346895da517e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Modern English
• Modern English is the English that we speak today
• It’s been roughly the same since 1800• Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Charles Darwin