Download - LEPC: Social media and disasters
Social Media and DisastersTom Erickson
Adam Crowe
Objectives & Topics
• Identify systems and strategies to improve public safety operational considerations
• Consider the impact of citizens and their role in response
• Consider the implementation of social media usage into formalized response systems
• Citizen Journalism• Responsible Uses• Social Media Policy
Elements• Monitoring and Aggregation• Integration with response
systems• Mobility and Warning• Geospatial Systems• Other systems
Numbers
7166
4,000+5,106
600,000,000750,000,000
200,000,000
11,689,056 35
Citizen Journalism
• Self Reporting Phenomenon
• Self Correcting• Acceptance by Public• Acceptance by Media• Impact to Situational
Awareness
“The testimony of the independent, well-informed eyewitness is more vital than ever in our interconnected world…[but] how this can still be achieved when the technology and business of journalism is being transformed out of all recognition?”
~Garton Ash, Author of Facts are Subversive
Self Reporting Phenomenon
Acceptance by Citizens
Self-Produced
• Every mobile phone has cameras
• Most smartphones have video capability
• Mobile Apps shorten production window
• Quality is reduced
Live Streaming
• No production cost or time
• Poor production quality
• High reporting quality• Location-based
capability
The New “Enemy”
Self Correcting
• Major principle of social media systems
• Ensures bias is no more or less than traditional systems
• Wikipedia concept• Virginia Tech
Shooting
Acceptance by Traditional Media
• Grainy Pictures and Videos
• Source Challenges• Microblogs replacing
newsfeeds• Increased speed of news
cycle• Mergers of traditional
outlets with online outlets (Newsweek/Daily Beast)
Kris Ketz, KMBC-9, @KrisKetz
Death to Print MediaCourtesy of graphicdesignr.net/papercuts/
2007 2008
2009 2010
Citizen Responsibility
Utah Man
• 36 Year Old Man• Utah Police attempt to serve
bench warrant• Potential hostage• Facebook contact with
friends• More than 100 total comments
• 16 hour standoff• Shot himself as Police
entered room
Citizen Responsibility
• Don’t put yourself in danger
• Don’t put first responders in danger
• Don’t redistribute unconfirmed information
• Don’t post emergency information on unwatched sites
Responsibility of Responders
• Report hours of operation
• Protection of limited release information
• Confirm before redistribution
• Acknowledge source materials
Appropriate Levels of Engagement
• Active• Passive• Stationary• Organizational
investment• Leadership support
Social Media Policy – Essential Elements
• Employee Access• Account Management• Acceptable Use• Employee Conduct• Content• Legal Issues• Citizen Conduct
Employee Conduct
• Johnson Co. (KS) Community College
• Senior Nursing Student• Picture of Placenta on
Facebook• Supervisor observed,
condoned, then changed• Student ultimately
dismissed from program
Definition of Content
Acceptable Use
Acceptable
• Conversation• Response• Engagement• Record retention
statement
Not-Acceptable
• Argumentative• Ignoring questions• Personal messages,
content, information• Sharing of privileged
information
Aggregation & Monitoring
“Social awareness has three levels: when everyone knows something, when everybody knows that everybody knows, and when everybody knows that everybody knows that everybody knows.”
~Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody
Monitoring
Real-time Searching
• Monitter• Topsy• Kurrently• Social Mention• TrendsMap• Google Realtime• Open Facebook• HyperAlerts
Dragnet Searching
• Google Alerts• Yahoo Alerts• TweetDeck• HootSuite• Google Blog Search• Twitter Advanced
Search
Measurement/Influence
• Google Analytics• Tweetstats• Trendpedia• Klout
Monitoring
Mayor of Newark
• Mayor Cory Booker• Used Twitter during 2010
Snowpocalypse• Responded to requests for
help• Personal and professional
responses
Aggregation
Considerations:• Role in JIC• Social News• Theory of Social Validation• Integration with 311
Tools:
• RSS Feeds/Readers• Facebook Platform• Social Stream• Yahoo Pipes• Paper.li• Twittersheep• Reddit• StumbleUpon• Digg• Newsvine• Twitter• ShareThis/AddThis• Google Disaster Aggregator
Vacouver Riots
Integration with National Response Systems
• What is NIMS?• Benefits to
Integration Challenges to Social Media Usage
• Exercises and Testing• Elephant in the JIC
Information Pacing
Communication Style
Trust Level
Mobility & Warning
• Traditional Warning Strategies
• Modern Warning Strategies
• Rise of Mobile Internet• Types of Mobile
Interface
“I guarantee that five years from now TV as we know it will be gone…It will have been a 60-year-old experiment that will be followed by something else.”
~Doc Searls, Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University
Traditional Warning Strategies
• Outdoor warning sirens• All-hazard Alert Radios• Blast email/fax• Press Releases• Websites – Static
Content
Modern Warning Strategies
• Text Notification• GPS System• IPAWS• Road Sign Messages• Website Scrollers• Widgets• Smart (NGen) 911
Rise of Mobile Internet
“Every two days the world creates as much information as it did from the beginning of civilization up to 2003.”
~Eric Schmidt, Google Executive Chairman and
former CEO
• DARPA created internet in 1966
• World Wide Web was invented in 1990
• Mosaic web browser invented in 1993
• By 2015 mobile internet traffic will surpass traditional internet traffic
Rise of Mobile Internet
• By the end of 2009, there were more than 4.6 billion cell phone subscriptions throughout the world
• Estimated that more than 50% of Americans will have smartphones by end of 2011
• More than 10 Billion Apps have been sold in the iTunes store
• Mobile Applications• Safety Systems• Health and Safety• Preparedness
Modern and Effective
Disaster Uses of Mobile Apps
• Queensland Flooding (2011)
• Disaster Mitigation and Recovery Kit (DMARK)
• Iceland Volcano Eruption• “I have, I need”• Pittsburgh EMS “Field
Partner”
Other Mobile Applications
• Augmented Reality• Geospatial Systems• Location-based Social
Networking• Citizen Journalism
Location-based Social Networking
• FourSquare• GoWalla• Google Latitude• Facebook Places
Emergency Uses
• Field Accountability• Search & Rescue• Damage Assessment• Population
Monitoring• Debris Management
Volunteer & Donations Management
Volunteerism 2.0• Change in source of request• Mirror/Magnify Callouts• Not always physical work• Positive correlation with
social media usage
Donations Management 2.0• Mobile Giving• Magnification of advocacy• Transcends geography
proximity
Examples of Volunteerism 2.0
• Toomers for Tuscaloosa• Fargo Flooding• University of Canterbury
Volunteer Army• CrisisCommons• Mission 4636
Examples of Donations Management 2.0
• American Red Cross• Salvation Army• Check-ins for Charity• Facebook Causes• Integration with Google
Checkout & PayPal• Upselling on Social
Gaming
Crowdsourcing & Geospatial Systems
• Definitions• Common Examples• Benefits to Public
Safety & Emergency Management
Crowdsourcing – What is it?
VS.
Crowdsourcing Examples
Crowdsourcing Examples
Additional Examples
• iStockPhoto• Challenges.gov• P2P Sharing• Wikipedia
Additional Considerations• Four Models
• Collective wisdom• Crowd creation• Crowd voting• Crowdfunding
• What are the incentives?• Not used to replace professional
processes• The crowd will filter• The crowd is always right• Crowdfeeding
Crowdsourcing Disaster Examples
• Power of Ushahidi• Haiti• New Zealand• BP/Bucket Brigade• Alabama Tornadoes• Japan Earthquake &
Tsunami• Snowmaggeden
• CrisisCamps• Hashtags
Geospatial Systems
• Geospatial Mapping• Location-based Social
Networking• QR Codes• Augmented Reality
Geospatial Mapping
Video Systems
• Video Storage• Video Streaming• Video Calling
YouTube & Vimeo
• Online storage of videos
• Unique Channels• Embeddable linkage• Comments, feedback,
and cross-promotion• Uses:• Situational Awareness• Public Education• Public Promotion
Streaming Video
• Video stream to channel• Embeddable links• Integration into other
social media systems• Uses• Event spotting• Feedback mechanism to
operations centers• Media engagement• Virtual trainings
Video Calling
• Skype & ooVoo• Video calling between
individuals in different locations
• Uses:• Media interviews• Situational Awareness• Remote meetings
Additional Systems
• Social Bookmarking• Bulk Storage &
Sharing• Collaborative Editing