lepc: social media and disasters
TRANSCRIPT
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Social Media and DisastersTom Erickson
Adam Crowe
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Objectives & Topics
• Identify systems and strategies to improve public safety operational considerations
• Consider the impact of citizens and their role in response
• Consider the implementation of social media usage into formalized response systems
• Citizen Journalism• Responsible Uses• Social Media Policy
Elements• Monitoring and Aggregation• Integration with response
systems• Mobility and Warning• Geospatial Systems• Other systems
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Numbers
7166
4,000+5,106
600,000,000750,000,000
200,000,000
11,689,056 35
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Citizen Journalism
• Self Reporting Phenomenon
• Self Correcting• Acceptance by Public• Acceptance by Media• Impact to Situational
Awareness
“The testimony of the independent, well-informed eyewitness is more vital than ever in our interconnected world…[but] how this can still be achieved when the technology and business of journalism is being transformed out of all recognition?”
~Garton Ash, Author of Facts are Subversive
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Self Reporting Phenomenon
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Acceptance by Citizens
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Self-Produced
• Every mobile phone has cameras
• Most smartphones have video capability
• Mobile Apps shorten production window
• Quality is reduced
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Live Streaming
• No production cost or time
• Poor production quality
• High reporting quality• Location-based
capability
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The New “Enemy”
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Self Correcting
• Major principle of social media systems
• Ensures bias is no more or less than traditional systems
• Wikipedia concept• Virginia Tech
Shooting
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Acceptance by Traditional Media
• Grainy Pictures and Videos
• Source Challenges• Microblogs replacing
newsfeeds• Increased speed of news
cycle• Mergers of traditional
outlets with online outlets (Newsweek/Daily Beast)
Kris Ketz, KMBC-9, @KrisKetz
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Death to Print MediaCourtesy of graphicdesignr.net/papercuts/
2007 2008
2009 2010
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Citizen Responsibility
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Utah Man
• 36 Year Old Man• Utah Police attempt to serve
bench warrant• Potential hostage• Facebook contact with
friends• More than 100 total comments
• 16 hour standoff• Shot himself as Police
entered room
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Citizen Responsibility
• Don’t put yourself in danger
• Don’t put first responders in danger
• Don’t redistribute unconfirmed information
• Don’t post emergency information on unwatched sites
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Responsibility of Responders
• Report hours of operation
• Protection of limited release information
• Confirm before redistribution
• Acknowledge source materials
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Appropriate Levels of Engagement
• Active• Passive• Stationary• Organizational
investment• Leadership support
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Social Media Policy – Essential Elements
• Employee Access• Account Management• Acceptable Use• Employee Conduct• Content• Legal Issues• Citizen Conduct
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Employee Conduct
• Johnson Co. (KS) Community College
• Senior Nursing Student• Picture of Placenta on
Facebook• Supervisor observed,
condoned, then changed• Student ultimately
dismissed from program
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Definition of Content
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Acceptable Use
Acceptable
• Conversation• Response• Engagement• Record retention
statement
Not-Acceptable
• Argumentative• Ignoring questions• Personal messages,
content, information• Sharing of privileged
information
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Aggregation & Monitoring
“Social awareness has three levels: when everyone knows something, when everybody knows that everybody knows, and when everybody knows that everybody knows that everybody knows.”
~Clay Shirky, Here Comes Everybody
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Monitoring
Real-time Searching
• Monitter• Topsy• Kurrently• Social Mention• TrendsMap• Google Realtime• Open Facebook• HyperAlerts
Dragnet Searching
• Google Alerts• Yahoo Alerts• TweetDeck• HootSuite• Google Blog Search• Twitter Advanced
Search
Measurement/Influence
• Google Analytics• Tweetstats• Trendpedia• Klout
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Monitoring
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Mayor of Newark
• Mayor Cory Booker• Used Twitter during 2010
Snowpocalypse• Responded to requests for
help• Personal and professional
responses
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Aggregation
Considerations:• Role in JIC• Social News• Theory of Social Validation• Integration with 311
Tools:
• RSS Feeds/Readers• Facebook Platform• Social Stream• Yahoo Pipes• Paper.li• Twittersheep• Reddit• StumbleUpon• Digg• Newsvine• Twitter• ShareThis/AddThis• Google Disaster Aggregator
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Vacouver Riots
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Integration with National Response Systems
• What is NIMS?• Benefits to
Integration Challenges to Social Media Usage
• Exercises and Testing• Elephant in the JIC
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Information Pacing
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Communication Style
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Trust Level
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Mobility & Warning
• Traditional Warning Strategies
• Modern Warning Strategies
• Rise of Mobile Internet• Types of Mobile
Interface
“I guarantee that five years from now TV as we know it will be gone…It will have been a 60-year-old experiment that will be followed by something else.”
~Doc Searls, Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University
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Traditional Warning Strategies
• Outdoor warning sirens• All-hazard Alert Radios• Blast email/fax• Press Releases• Websites – Static
Content
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Modern Warning Strategies
• Text Notification• GPS System• IPAWS• Road Sign Messages• Website Scrollers• Widgets• Smart (NGen) 911
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Rise of Mobile Internet
“Every two days the world creates as much information as it did from the beginning of civilization up to 2003.”
~Eric Schmidt, Google Executive Chairman and
former CEO
• DARPA created internet in 1966
• World Wide Web was invented in 1990
• Mosaic web browser invented in 1993
• By 2015 mobile internet traffic will surpass traditional internet traffic
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Rise of Mobile Internet
• By the end of 2009, there were more than 4.6 billion cell phone subscriptions throughout the world
• Estimated that more than 50% of Americans will have smartphones by end of 2011
• More than 10 Billion Apps have been sold in the iTunes store
• Mobile Applications• Safety Systems• Health and Safety• Preparedness
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Modern and Effective
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Disaster Uses of Mobile Apps
• Queensland Flooding (2011)
• Disaster Mitigation and Recovery Kit (DMARK)
• Iceland Volcano Eruption• “I have, I need”• Pittsburgh EMS “Field
Partner”
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Other Mobile Applications
• Augmented Reality• Geospatial Systems• Location-based Social
Networking• Citizen Journalism
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Location-based Social Networking
• FourSquare• GoWalla• Google Latitude• Facebook Places
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Emergency Uses
• Field Accountability• Search & Rescue• Damage Assessment• Population
Monitoring• Debris Management
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Volunteer & Donations Management
Volunteerism 2.0• Change in source of request• Mirror/Magnify Callouts• Not always physical work• Positive correlation with
social media usage
Donations Management 2.0• Mobile Giving• Magnification of advocacy• Transcends geography
proximity
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Examples of Volunteerism 2.0
• Toomers for Tuscaloosa• Fargo Flooding• University of Canterbury
Volunteer Army• CrisisCommons• Mission 4636
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Examples of Donations Management 2.0
• American Red Cross• Salvation Army• Check-ins for Charity• Facebook Causes• Integration with Google
Checkout & PayPal• Upselling on Social
Gaming
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Crowdsourcing & Geospatial Systems
• Definitions• Common Examples• Benefits to Public
Safety & Emergency Management
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Crowdsourcing – What is it?
VS.
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Crowdsourcing Examples
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Crowdsourcing Examples
Additional Examples
• iStockPhoto• Challenges.gov• P2P Sharing• Wikipedia
Additional Considerations• Four Models
• Collective wisdom• Crowd creation• Crowd voting• Crowdfunding
• What are the incentives?• Not used to replace professional
processes• The crowd will filter• The crowd is always right• Crowdfeeding
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Crowdsourcing Disaster Examples
• Power of Ushahidi• Haiti• New Zealand• BP/Bucket Brigade• Alabama Tornadoes• Japan Earthquake &
Tsunami• Snowmaggeden
• CrisisCamps• Hashtags
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Geospatial Systems
• Geospatial Mapping• Location-based Social
Networking• QR Codes• Augmented Reality
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Geospatial Mapping
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Video Systems
• Video Storage• Video Streaming• Video Calling
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YouTube & Vimeo
• Online storage of videos
• Unique Channels• Embeddable linkage• Comments, feedback,
and cross-promotion• Uses:• Situational Awareness• Public Education• Public Promotion
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Streaming Video
• Video stream to channel• Embeddable links• Integration into other
social media systems• Uses• Event spotting• Feedback mechanism to
operations centers• Media engagement• Virtual trainings
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Video Calling
• Skype & ooVoo• Video calling between
individuals in different locations
• Uses:• Media interviews• Situational Awareness• Remote meetings
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Additional Systems
• Social Bookmarking• Bulk Storage &
Sharing• Collaborative Editing