Insert Heading
Lessons learned from the
Dar es Salaam Municipal Development Project
Improvement of Solid Waste Management
Daniel Cramer, SMEC Africa
September 2013
SMEC Background
The Organisation and Regions
• Independent professional consultancy
firm
• over 5,000 over 80 offices around the
world.
• Consistently in the Engineering News
Record - one of the “Top 200
International Consultancy Firms”
• Ranked No. 9 for Water projects
South Africa
Africa
• First SMEC operations in 1970
• Over 30 offices across the continent
• 1,200 staff
Technical Functions
• Transport
• Civil Infrastructure
• Water & Environment
• Urban Development
• Industrial & Power
• Local Government
• Social Development
SMEC BACKGROUND
Industry Sectors
• National and Local Government
• Oil & Gas
• Mining
• Power Generation & Distribution
• Water Supply & Sanitation
• Land Developers
• Manufacturing Industries
• Agricultural Industry
• Waste Management
• Construction
� Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Development Project (DMDP)
� For Municipalities:
• strengthen the institutional and urban management systems of the
Dar es Salaam Local Authorities (DLAs) in order to improve service
delivery over time;
• provide studies/designs for actual improvements through sub-
projects, eg. Solid Waste
� Project Objectives:
• prepare the investments for a comprehensive SWM system for Dar
es Salaam
• Prepare feasibility studies, designs, drawings, cost estimates and
tender packages for sub-projects;
• Conduct ESIA for the sub-projects including new sites;
• Provide input to the separate consultants for both Institutional
Review and Strengthening and the PPP initiatives
Background
Project
Background
Project
Environment
Sub Projects
Quantities
Collection
TFS/MRF
Transport
Pugu Upgrade
W2E
Law/Regs
Education
Development
Proposal
Waste
Minimisation
� Significant percentages of the waste generated in Dar es Salaam
are not collected, especially waste from unplanned areas;
� Current conditions of the waste collection and transport systems
may pose risks to human health and the environment;
� Limited funding for operations;
� Aging equipment
Key Issues
Sub-Project: Waste Quantities & Composition
Year 2010 2015 2020 2025
Population Size 4,000,000 4,900,000 5,900,000 7,100,000
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000
Hasconing & M-Konsult 1988
Master Plan SWM 1989
Manus Coffey 1992
Master Zanz-DSM [for 1994]
DCC 1995
JICA 1997
ERC 2004
DCC 2011
tonnes per day
Historic Waste Generation & Sources
HH
Commercial/Industrial
Institutional
Markets
Street Sweeping
Other
Total
Sub-Project: Waste Quantities & Composition
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Lusaka, Zambia
Ghorari, Nepal
Bamako, Mali
Mosji, Tanzania
Nairobi, Kenya
Canete, Peru
Managua, Nicaragua
Sousee, Tunesia
Solid Waste Collection Rate/Coverage %
� Handcart collection where
other access is not possible
� Manual Handling
� Waste is on the ground
Solid Waste Collection
Solid Waste Collection
Material Recovery
� Community & stakeholder consultation
� Studies, feasibility assessments
� Community & stakeholder supported upgrade packages
� Engineering systems design
� Revenue collection and by-laws
� Services delivery system
Key Project Aspects
Key Aspect: Wide Range of Conditions
Wide Range of Conditions: Solutions
� Consultation with community & stakeholders
� Community and area specific solutions
� “One size does not fit all”
� High degree of flexibility
Key Aspects: Community & Stakeholder
� Community can make or break a waste management system
� Administrators need to support and have the appropriate capacity and funds
� Stakeholders need to actively participate
� Consultation: repeated consultation in different forums
� Training: Targeted training for different groups
� Incentives: Award schemes, fee reductions, tax exemptions
� Conflicting legislation & By-Laws:
• unify regulations and by-laws within the service delivery region
• adjust regulations/by-laws to service delivery mode
• model revisions on existing successful frameworks, if transferable
� Insufficient enforcement:
• Identify, be aware of, overcome cultural hurdles
• awareness campaign in parallel with stepping up enforcement
• positive reinforcement, eg. award systems
� Revenue - affordability, collection rate:
• increase fee collection rates from system users eg. electronic fund
transmission, by co-charging with other services
• increase transparency of collection to ensure collected fees are reaching
the intended destination
• subsidise collection in low income areas by revenue from high income
areas
Key Aspects: Legislation, Revenue
� Local Government Departments are often understaffed, underfunded and
bogged down in procedures and protocols:
• deliver part services through CBOs/Contractors [mini-PPP]: eg. providing
collection truck with driver;
• combine services into larger service packages [PPP]: eg. design,
construction, operation of Waste Transfer Station;
• award concessions [PPP] for wide ranging services based on performance
criteria;
� contract durations must be sufficiently long to allow service providers to make
sensible investments;
� service providers [CBOs/Contractors] need sufficient experience contract
management and financial planning: select capable providers and provide
training;
� all participants in a PPP must understand what the key prerequisites are for
PPP arrangements: provide targeted training
Key Aspects: Delivery Mode
THANK YOU
and
“See you somewhere in Africa”
