Look at the next two slides of Supreme Court Cases, and answer the questions: 1. What do you think Plessy vs. Ferguson
established? 2. Why do you think that? 3. What do you think Brown vs. Board of
Education established? 4. How do you think it changed America?
Plessy vs.Ferguson 1896
Brown vs. Board of Education 1954
Social Change Movements from 1945 to 1970
1. Racial Equality2. Rights for Women
3. Environmental Awareness
1. Racial Equality The Supreme Court decided in
Plessy vs. Ferguson that if institutions are equal they had to be separate for the races.
“Separate but Equal” Jim Crow laws required African
Americans to have separate facilities.
Jim Crow Laws
President Truman ordered the military to integrate in 1948, but it does not really happen until 1963.
Brown vs. Board of Ed. Linda Brown was not allowed to attend an all-white school and challenges that ruling in the Supreme Court
1. Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson
2. Starts integration in schools
Brown vs. Board of Education 1954
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 Rosa Parks was arrested for violating
the segregation laws of Montgomery, Alabama.
In Response. . . For over a year, African Americans boycotted the buses.
They carpooled and walked through all weather conditions
While the NAACP fought in the courts, MLK’s organization led the boycott.
http://www.africanaonline.com/Graphic/rosa_parks_bus.gif
Martin Luther King Jr.
Gandhi inspired King to be direct and nonviolent
“Violence never solves problems. It only creates new and more complicated ones.”
--Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
King’s sacrifice King was arrested
thirty times in his 38 year life.
His house was bombed or nearly bombed several times
Death threats constantly
March on Washington 1963 President Kennedy was pushing
for a civil rights bill. To show support over 200,000
African Americans went to Washington D.C.
MLK, Jr gives “I Have a Dream” speech
March on Washington 1963
Civil Rights Organizations
SNCC SCLC
campuses churches Student led MLK led Protested protested Non violent non violent Wanted equality wanted to
change the laws
that would result
in equality
Protest Tactics : SIT INS
This was in Greensboro, North Carolina
They were led not by MLK but by college students!
Sit-in Tactics Dress in you Sunday best. Be respectful to employees and
police. Do not resist arrest! Do not fight back! Remember, journalists are
everywhere!
Marching In Selma,
pro-vote marchers face Alabama cops.
Many were arrested.
Birmingham, Alabama 1963
Birmingham
Birmingham When America
saw 500 kids get arrested and attacked with dogs, there was much support for civil rights legislation.
Freedom Riders White and Black volunteers, got
on buses and sat inter-racially on the bus.
They went into bus station lunch counters
Freedom Riders attacked!
Mobs also attacked them at the bus stations.
Voter Registration
Volunteers came to Mississippi to register African Americans to vote.
These volunteers risked arrest, violence and death every day.
Voter Registration If African
Americans registered to vote, local banks could call the loan on their farm.
This man spent 5 days in jail for carrying a sign that read, “Voter Registration Worker”
Civil Rights Act of 1964Banned segregation in public places such as restaurants and buses.
Voting Rights Act of 1965Outlawed
literacy tests in order to vote.
2. Rights for WomenBetty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique in 1963 which led to creation of NOW and feminist movement National Organization for Women founded in 1966
3. Environmental Awareness