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Looking Inside Cells
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Enter the Cell
Key Concept: A cell wall is a stiff layer that helps to protect and support a plant cell.
Animal cells do NOT have cell walls.
Many materials like oxygen and water can pass through the cell wall.
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Key Concept: In the cytoplasm there are many organelles that have a specific function.
Animals Cell Plant Cell
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CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm- gel-like fluid Jell-o, hair gel Can you think of others?
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Key Concept: The cell membrane controls what substances go into and out of a cell.
For a cell to live, the cell membrane must let material pass in and out of the cell.
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CELL WALL VS. CELL MEMBRANE The cell wall is only found in the plant The cell membrane is found in the cell
wall and the cell membrane
Cell wall is like a wall of a house it is strong! The cell wall is made of CELLULOSE….REMEMBER THAT!
The cell membrane is like a screen: it allows some materials in and keeps others out.
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Sail on to the Nucleus Key Concept: The nucleus is the
control center of the cell and directs all of the cell’s activities.
The nucleus is protected by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.
The nucleus holds genetic information. Genetic information controls what the cell does.
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WHERE IS THE NUCLEUS?
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What is the genetic information? The genetic information inside the
nucleus is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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Nuclear Envelope
Why do you think DNA has to be protected by the nuclear envelope?
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Nuclear Envelope The nuclear
envelope has holes called pores that allows necessary molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
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ENDOPLSAMIC RETICULUM Endoplasmic Reticulum- Interconnected
network of thin folded membranes that form a maze. It aids in the important production of proteins and lipids (necessary fats)
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RIBOSOMES Ribosomes- protein factory Factory – they link together amino
acids, which in turn make up proteins Why are proteins important?
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GOLGI Apparatus Golgi apparatus- process, sort, and deliver
the proteins to where they need to go. Post Office, UPS
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GOLGI Apparatus Golgi apparatus-
Some proteins are stored for later use Some are transported to other organelles within
the cell Some are carried to the membrane Some are carried outside the cell
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Vesicles Vesicles – Isolate and
transport molecules Vesicles are small
sacks that divide materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and take things from place to place Cells sometimes need to
isolate (separate) different chemicals until they are ready to be used
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MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION
Mitochondria- power house It supplies energy to the cell Battery, solar panel Can you think of others?
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MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION
Mitochondria- Also has its own separate DNA and their own ribosomes
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VACUOLES Vacuoles- Fluid filled sac used for storage
by the cell. Plant cell: one large vacuole. Like a
swimming pool Animal cell: many small ones like
cupboards.
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LYSOSOMES Lysosomes- rids the
cell of waste. (Like a garbage disposal.)
They contain enzymes and defend the cell from invading bacteria and viruses.
Lysosomes are mostly found in animal cells
Lysosomes also recyle foreign or worn out parts
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Centrioles
Cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle
Appear to help DNA divide during cell division
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Plant cells… Cell Walls and CHLOROPLASTS Chloroplasts- capture sunlight for
energy to make food. (only in PLANTS) Like a solar panel Chloroplasts convert solar energy into
chemical energy through photosynthesis The outer cell wall supports, and gives
protection to the cell
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Chloroplasts Chloroplasts also have
pigment (color) Only the chloroplasts that
have chlorophyll can carry out photosynthesis
The rate of photosynthesis increases as the number of chloroplasts with chlorophyll increases
That means: it happens faster
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http://www.clearbiology.com/water-molecule-worksheet/
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Cell Diversity
Key Concept: The variety of structure in cells reflects differences in cell function.
Cells come in many shapes. The different shapes help them to do different jobs.
Some cells have organelles that others do not. Give me examples and write them down.