Looking Inside Cells

Enter the Cell

Key Concept: A cell wall is a stiff layer that helps to protect and support a plant cell.

Animal cells do NOT have cell walls.

Many materials like oxygen and water can pass through the cell wall.

Organelles in the Cytoplasm

Key Concept: In the cytoplasm there are many organelles that have a specific function.

Animals Cell Plant Cell

CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm- gel-like fluid Jell-o, hair gel Can you think of others?

Key Concept: The cell membrane controls what substances go into and out of a cell.

For a cell to live, the cell membrane must let material pass in and out of the cell.

CELL WALL VS. CELL MEMBRANE The cell wall is only found in the plant The cell membrane is found in the cell

wall and the cell membrane

Cell wall is like a wall of a house it is strong! The cell wall is made of CELLULOSE….REMEMBER THAT!

The cell membrane is like a screen: it allows some materials in and keeps others out.

Sail on to the Nucleus Key Concept: The nucleus is the

control center of the cell and directs all of the cell’s activities.

The nucleus is protected by a membrane called the nuclear envelope.

The nucleus holds genetic information. Genetic information controls what the cell does.

WHERE IS THE NUCLEUS?

What is the genetic information? The genetic information inside the

nucleus is called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Nuclear Envelope

Why do you think DNA has to be protected by the nuclear envelope?

Nuclear Envelope The nuclear

envelope has holes called pores that allows necessary molecules to pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

ENDOPLSAMIC RETICULUM Endoplasmic Reticulum- Interconnected

network of thin folded membranes that form a maze. It aids in the important production of proteins and lipids (necessary fats)

RIBOSOMES Ribosomes- protein factory Factory – they link together amino

acids, which in turn make up proteins Why are proteins important?

GOLGI Apparatus Golgi apparatus- process, sort, and deliver

the proteins to where they need to go. Post Office, UPS

GOLGI Apparatus Golgi apparatus-

Some proteins are stored for later use Some are transported to other organelles within

the cell Some are carried to the membrane Some are carried outside the cell

Vesicles Vesicles – Isolate and

transport molecules Vesicles are small

sacks that divide materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and take things from place to place Cells sometimes need to

isolate (separate) different chemicals until they are ready to be used

MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION

Mitochondria- power house It supplies energy to the cell Battery, solar panel Can you think of others?

MITOCHONDRIA/MITOCHONDRION

Mitochondria- Also has its own separate DNA and their own ribosomes

VACUOLES Vacuoles- Fluid filled sac used for storage

by the cell. Plant cell: one large vacuole. Like a

swimming pool Animal cell: many small ones like

cupboards.

LYSOSOMES Lysosomes- rids the

cell of waste. (Like a garbage disposal.)

They contain enzymes and defend the cell from invading bacteria and viruses.

Lysosomes are mostly found in animal cells

Lysosomes also recyle foreign or worn out parts

Centrioles

Cylinder shaped organelles made of short microtubules arranged in a circle

Appear to help DNA divide during cell division

Plant cells… Cell Walls and CHLOROPLASTS Chloroplasts- capture sunlight for

energy to make food. (only in PLANTS) Like a solar panel Chloroplasts convert solar energy into

chemical energy through photosynthesis The outer cell wall supports, and gives

protection to the cell

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts also have

pigment (color) Only the chloroplasts that

have chlorophyll can carry out photosynthesis

The rate of photosynthesis increases as the number of chloroplasts with chlorophyll increases

That means: it happens faster

http://www.clearbiology.com/water-molecule-worksheet/

Cell Diversity

Key Concept: The variety of structure in cells reflects differences in cell function.

Cells come in many shapes. The different shapes help them to do different jobs.

Some cells have organelles that others do not. Give me examples and write them down.