Lorain-Winter
Model UN Conference 2017
Position Papers for:
The General Assembly 1st Committee
Disarmament & International Security
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Represented By: Solon High School
Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security
The issues placed before the General Assembly are Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety
Procedures and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The nation of Afghanistan hopes to
cooperate with all delegations in order to ensure greater security in the airspace and ensure that climate
change no longer harms global security.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Procedures
Having signed and ratified the original Chicago Convention on Civil International Aviation and
accepting Resolutions 2309 and 2341, The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan fully stands for improving
airline safety procedures. Due to being a prime location in the center of Central Asia and the Indian
subcontinent, safety in the Afghan airspace is crucial for the transport of the thousands of flights that
travel past this region on a daily basis. The government of Afghanistan believes that cooperation in airline
safety procedures is crucial to that ensure all passengers arrive safely at their destinations, from one
corner of the world to another.
However, terrorist organizations consistently infringe on Afghanistan’s airspace safety. In 2014,
the Taliban fired two rockets aimed at the military wing of its central airport in Kabul. After this horrific
attack, the Afghan government implemented programs aimed at strengthening security at the airport. This
project aimed to improve airport security by updating the security system at the international terminal
with the installation of new X-ray machines and metal detectors. This year, the Taliban has again
attempted to fire rockets at Afghanistan’s central airport at Kabul in order to attack US Defense Secretary
James Mattis. Fortunately, these missiles landed in an open field, so no lives were harmed. The nation of
Afghanistan strongly condemns this attack, which is detrimental to its economy as commercial airlines
will as a result, limit or halt their flights to Kabul, causing loss in revenue for the Afghan government, as
well the lives of passengers which are greatly endangered.
To solve this problem, we must concentrate on limiting the ability of terrorist organizations or
even nations that create disorder in airspace, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan. The General Assembly
can request the Security Council to expand the power of the Peacekeepers to include military planes
which can probe the skies in areas of conflict to take action or for simply oversight when any danger has
been determined. Nations can then choose to accept this aid if they need it.
This will especially be helpful in nations such as Afghanistan, which are aided by other nations
such as the United States and Japan to ensure safety in their airspaces and do not have the resources to
ensure airline safety on their own.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Having signed the Paris Climate Change Accords and many other international climate change
agreements, the nation of Afghanistan is incredibly devoted to preventing climate change and limiting its
impacts. Afghanistan has firsthand experience with the detrimental effects of climate change, which is
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ruining the livelihood of farmers in the rural highlands. Rain is incredibly scarce in this region so farmers
depend on freshwater lakes near mountains for nourishing their crops. Melting ice caps in the
mountainous region, due to climate change are now giving water to farmers earlier than they need it.
Additionally, because of scarce rains in their region, these farmers have little water during their actual
harvest season. This causes water supply to become very erratic in this region due to climate change.
According to the United Nations Environmental Programme, around 80% of conflicts in
Afghanistan are food and water related; erratic weather caused by climate change is only bound to
increase this already high number.
Afghanistan has implemented various policies and plans to combat climate change such as the
National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), which was funded by the United Nations
Environment Programme. NAPA provides a process to identify activities that solves a nation’s most
immediate concerns caused by climate change. Afghanistan has also created 4 national parks in order to
protect various species native to Afghanistan from human and climate change impacts. The Islamic
Republic has also attempted to create new means of livelihood for those affected by climate change. For
example, women are being taught to produce handicrafts and the Afghan government, with aid from the
UNEP, is reforesting forest lands for grazing.
The delegation of Afghanistan believes that the solution to this grave issue must be multi-faceted.
The primary focus in solving the issue should be improving the problem of insufficient irrigation and
decline in agricultural production caused by climate change and asking for help of NGOs such as
Engineers Without Borders and other NGOs that could aid in solving the issue. Another focus of a
resolution should be on first helping those whose jobs no longer allow them to sustain themselves by offer
vocational training in other professions that are not as viable to impacts of climate change. These are
effective short term solution, however Afghanistan believes that another focus should also be on solving
the long term impacts of climate change by potentially providing subsidies to inventors to bolster
production of alternative energy resources to prevent further climate change.
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan understands that climate change is a pressing issue with
various detrimental impacts and hopes that the General Assembly will cooperatively find a successful
solution.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Albania
Represented by: Orange High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International
Security (GA1 DISEC):
The issues before the United Nations General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation on
Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Albania is
devoted to the resolution of these issues in cooperation with other members of the General
Assembly.
I. Improving Cooperation on Airline Safety Policies
It is greatly important that all nations cooperate to make sure that the airways remain safe
as they grow more and more congested. As this happens, the risk of accidental collisions
between aircraft increases. For example, on 28 July 2017, the Japanese Self Defense Forces
picked up an unannounced North Korean missile test in the Sea of Japan. This missile landed 93
miles north of Okushiri Island in the Sea of Japan, this missile narrowly avoided a Air France jet
plane, which flew over the splash zone only five minutes before the missile’s impact with the
water, and was only roughly sixty miles north when the missile did impact the water. This, and
many other situation, illustrates the need for joint commercial airline safety protocol.
This topic relates to Albania due to recent bombings in airports in Turkey and Belgium.
The Albanian Government is a member of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)’s Pan-
European Partners (PANEP), a community of non-EASA countries that the EASA cooperates
with on the implementation of European Union (EU) aviation safety rules. As well, United
Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 2309 (2016) stated that “terrorist groups continue
to view civil aviation as an attractive target, with the aim of causing substantial loss of life,
economic damage and disruption to connectivity between States, and that the risk of terrorist
attacks against civil aviation may affect all regions and Member States,” highlighting the need
for counterterrorism measures in aviation.
The Delegation of Albania is committed to resolving this issue in cooperation with other
delegations of the UN GA1 DISEC by endorsing protocol of missile test and spaceflight
schedule releases prior to testing, as well as supporting and expanding existing active
counterterrorism measures in aviation. By utilizing previous tests and organizations, the United
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Nations can effectively combat terrorism in aviation. It is imperative that resources are used
accordingly and full collaboration is ensured.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Climate change is among the greatest threats to global security today. Climate Change
has been slowly gathering steam ever since the rise of the industrial revolution in the late
eighteenth century, and, if allowed to continue unchecked, could doom human civilization. Some
steps have already been taken to stop human-caused climate change, such as the promotion of
“green” energies such as biofuel, solar power, hydroelectric power, and wind power. Another
great step that has been taken is the signing of the Paris Climate Accord, on 22 April 2016. As of
today, the only non-participating nations are the Vatican City, and the United States, which
withdrew on June 1, 2017. However, many American states and businesspeople have pledged to
try to meet the Paris Climate Accords.
Climate change affects the nation of Albania in that Albania, assuming significant
climate change, will lose much of its coastline, and the fact that the Albanian agriculture industry
will suffer greatly. Albania relies on agriculture for a large sector of its economy, and thus it
recognizes how imperative it is to ensure that climate change be tackled head on. Albania has
addressed this by being a member of the Paris Climate Accords, and acknowledges that climate
change will have negative effects on the world.
The Delegation of Albania believes that to solve this issue, steps must be taken to do
several things. Firstly, The Delegation of Albania calls for reaffirming commitment to the Paris
Climate Accords. Second, a review of the pledges by member countries is considered highly
advisable. Finally, steps should be taken to create an improved version of the Paris Climate
Accord, as many negative effects will still be felt even if the current Paris Climate Accord is
fully executed.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Argentine Republic
Represented By: Saint Joseph Academy
Position Paper for the General Assembly, Disarmament and International Security
The issues presented before the First Committee are: Improving Cooperation in
International Airline Safety Policies to ensure safe international airspace and the Impact of
Climate Change on Global Security. Argentina supports increased airline security to keep the
peace from war, but is concerned on how the peacekeeping is taking place. It hopes for the
support of other countries to keep the world safe from terrorism. Argentina also supports policies
to lessen the effects of Climate Change on Global Security so the world can be safer and cleaner
through humans.
I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
There is a need for improvement in cooperation in airline safety regulations to stop the
recent terrorist and bomb attacks that are going through airports. With new issues brought up
through terrorism, it is seen that airports are where incidents happen the most and having policies
where all nations cooperate would strengthen the effectiveness to keep airlines safe. This
increased global problem needs to be solved, but there has been peacekeepers not well-regulated
and infringing on nations to start conflicts.
Argentina hopes to cooperate with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),
like they have in the past, to help support a safer airline experience for all nations. Argentina
emphasizes that the principles for the United Nations peacekeeping was very clear to keep
national security, but recently they were contravened to create war. It is important to keep the
airlines secure, but the peacekeeping should be regulated more and not give unconventional
threats while keeping the peace in airlines. Argentina hopes that the United Nations and ICAO
will uphold their policies with better regulations on keeping peace between nations and not
waging wars through their programs.
Argentina supports airline safety policies and the cooperation of nations to fix the
situations, but there must be more of a regulated way to enforce the policies without having other
agendas at hand. The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) should take
to reach a proper agenda focused on multi partisan collaboration with compatible objectives.
International laws should be respected while keeping the peace in the airlines with the keepers
trained in the case of a violent situation. This is to keep the objectives clear and effective through
the regulated mandates for keeping airlines safe. This is through the policies implemented which
will lead to more cooperation from nations when the peacekeepers do not wage war, only
security.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Global security in the past has been about stopping a physical enemy, but now, including
the enemy, it is about working for the common good of all nations to protect against the harmful
effects of climate change. This enemy is not easily seen like other threats on global security.
Climate change is a direct threat to human civilization and as contributors this leads to global
security catastrophes: food shortages, floods, and droughts. Argentina has been affected by
climate change just like other nations has been and hopes to work against the ongoing battle of
climate change in our world so that global security is held firm.
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The Argentine Republic recognizes the need to lessen the affects of climate change and
will use large economic changes to bring about a better outcome for their environment. Because
Argentina's location, the effects of climate change are seen often in Argentina. Over the past
decades, the temperature has rose drastically throughout the country and led to longer heat
waves. Floods also came from the east and that impacts socio-economic living and is harder to
produce much food. This leads to the global food supply lessening and Argentina not being able
to export as much. Argentina proudly supports the policies set out by the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and submitted its Intended Nationally
Determined Contribution (INDC) to help make policies to end climate change by any means and
recognize that it is a man made problem.
Argentina believes that the best way to solve this on growing situation is to start locally
and make policies to stop greenhouse emission through transportation, clean energy, and other
measures to stop floods and other climate change effects that plague the world. The Argentine
Republic urges other delegations to join together and cooperate to end future issues from climate
change. This can be done through policies supporting clean energy, nuclear power plants, and
more innovative ways to stop the human carbon footprint. Argentina knows that there needs to
be more regulating and enforcement from each delegation to truly impact the environment
positively. This can be from NGOs and federal changes to not worry just on the economics of the
delegation at hand, but the social and long term affects that lessening the co2 emissions will
cause. Argentina hopes all delegations will follow suit of the policies put in place for
transportation and clean energy and even more based on the problems each delegation might
have.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegate from: Republic of Azerbaijan
Represented by: Saint Joseph Academy
Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee
The issues before the First Committee (DISEC) of the General Assembly are Improving
Cooperation in Airline Safety and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The
Republic of Azerbaijan is committed to protecting its people, cooperating with nations that
propose resolutions stabilizing airline safety policies, and maintaining global stability in the
wake of climate change’s impacts on the world.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The Republic of Azerbaijan believes that there should be greater cooperation between nations in
regards to airline safety policies due to the increase in incidents recently. Azerbaijan does believe
its nationals should control its airlines, but the government is willing to come to a consensus with
other nations regarding their airline safety policies. However, the government is making steady
but slow progress in adopting the various categories of the International Civil Aviation
Organization’s (ICAO) Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme. Some work needs to be
done to reach the global average in the path of this implementation, but Azerbaijan is willing to
comply.
Azerbaijan is also committed to strengthening airport security in the wake of global tragedies
occurring in airports and on aircraft themselves. The Republic is also willing to address these
issues at meetings of the United Nations (UN) and is willing to cooperate with other nations,
especially those of the West, in coordinating policy and protecting Azerbaijani citizens while
they travel domestically and internationally. Azerbaijan is strongly against terrorism and is
accepting of any anti-terrorist measures that are proposed, discussed, and implemented through
the UN. Terrorism is not tolerated, and any measures to stop terrorist operations will be taken by
the Azerbaijani government. In situations where Azerbaijani citizens could be taken hostage on
civilian aircraft, the Republic asks that all member-nations of the UN aid in their recovery, and
Azerbaijan is determined to reciprocate.
Unannounced military tests, such as those of North Korea, are of much concern to Azerbaijan in
regards to airline safety policies and beyond. Azerbaijan does not posses any capability of
producing and using nuclear weapons, so defending its citizens and its airlines against these
attacks is proven to be difficult. The Republic seeks the guidance of the UN in regards to the
course of action to take against Russia-, China-, and North Korea-backed belligerents, like
Armenia, who potentially possess the power to wreak havoc on the nation.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Climate change is an issue that all countries are affected by in this day in age. Regardless of their
official positions on it, climate change affects diplomacy and democracy. With the exponential
growth of the global population of the last century comes greater responsibilities of governments.
Governments are held more accountable for their people than ever. Azerbaijan is determined to
protect its citizens by acknowledging the effects of climate change on the country.
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Rising sea levels in the Caspian Sea threaten Azerbaijan’s coast, infrastructure, coastal tourism,
and towns. Since Azerbaijan is on the southern end of the Caspian Mountains, runoff could lead
to devastating landslides and other natural disasters. Countless species are facing extermination,
and natural resources are being plundered because of the conflict with Armenia. Azerbaijan will
not support any agreement that does not acknowledge the lack of cooperation between states and
their people in an effort to cheat their people out of the benefits of using natural resources
responsibly. Azerbaijan will support agreements that secure its sovereignty in the ongoing
conflict and agreements that stipulate that natural resources will be used properly in the face of
climate change.
However, as other people flee the effects of climate change, which include famine, water
conflict, terror, political instability, human displacement, natural disasters, and interstate war,
Azerbaijan is willing to welcome refugees but is not able to accept all because of its own crisis of
internally displaced people and refugees from regional conflicts. The developing Republic is too
small to handle large-scale humanitarian crises and is unable to financially handle any internal
crises as well. As its own population increases, Azerbaijan is willing to comply with agreements,
including the Paris Agreement, to satiate the population’s need for natural resources, such as
energy, while keeping in mind the effects major changes could have because of climate change.
Prior to the signature and agreement to the Paris Climate Agreement of 2016, Azerbaijan has
also determined its contribution in aiding the efforts to slow the effects of climate change in its
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). By 2030, the Republic of Azerbaijan
targets 35% reduction in the level of greenhouse gas emissions as compared to 1990 as its
contribution to the global climate change efforts. However, Azerbaijan’s greatest part of its
economy is oil. With greater climate change accords comes a movement against oil, thereby
decreasing its demand and price in the markets. While Azerbaijan does respect movements to
slow the effects of climate change, the Republic does stipulate that its main product is being
neglected and could start an economic crisis in the country, and that is why the Azerbaijani
delegation is unwilling to support agreements that limit the sale or production of oil.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: The Kingdom of Bahrain
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for The General Assembly, First Committee
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies;
and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Bahrain is fully devoted
to improving the safety of all persons in who engage in aerial travel who are at the risk of
terrorism and is excited to cooperate with other countries to improve systems limiting climate
change.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Airline security is an international issue and an important topic to much of the world considering
the ever-increasing popularity of air travel. According to the International Air Transport
Association, over one hundred thousand flights, about two and a half million passengers, and one
hundred and forty thousand tonnes of cargo are transported by air daily, and the industry is still
growing. However, with its growth comes the price of terrorism. After the bombing of New York
on September eleventh, 2001, and several other events such as ones in Belgium, Turkey, the
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and Ukraine, security in airports has increased. As such,
it is important to implement new policies to ensure that aviation continues to be a safe, efficient
method of travel.
The Kingdom of Bahrain is a relatively small country with only one major airport; it has
consequently experienced little airline terrorism in the past. However, having undergone other
forms of terrorism, the Kingdom of Bahrain’s Ministry of Transportation and
Telecommunication has already passed several laws and regulations regarding the incredibly
serious topic of airline safety. These include the Civil Aviation Law, the Ministerial Law No. 25
for the year 2016, the Just Culture Policy, the Aviation Safety Policy, and the Civil Aviation
Policy, which generally provide the framework for which authorities are responsible for
regulating air travel, as well as regulations for the safety and security of all those who may
engage in aerial travel. The Kingdom of Bahrain is strictly against terrorism in all forms and
supports maximum safety in all aspects of traveling; doing so would promote travel and
corresponding international education about culture and diversity.
The Kingdom of Bahrain has recently experienced deadly terrorism and would therefore like to
dedicate the utmost effort into the safety of airline travel for the protection of those traveling as
well as those working with any airlines. Having stopped several attempts at terrorism, and
experienced still more being carried out, the Kingdom of Bahrain understands the threat and
danger of terrorism. Given that Bahrain’s federal government is relatively wealthy, its delegation
promotes governmental funding and advocates for global allocation of money from similarly
affluent countries. Additional resources such as NGOs should be devoted to curbing the growth
of terrorism in all forms and stomping out terror organizations that already exist. Ultimately, all
countries, when working together, have the capability of stopping airline terrorism.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
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Climate change causes varied and widespread problems that can directly contribute to security
issues on any scale. Problems such as drought, changing precipitation patterns, or rising sea
levels can deprive a nation of its natural resources or cause other potentially dangerous situation.
Awareness of this is increasingly important as the global population grows rapidly. Situations
like water conflict, terror, and human displacement become increasingly probable and severe.
Up to one hundred eighty-seven million people are projected to be displaced due to climate
change by 2100. Moreover, if climate change persists, GDP per capita could drop by as much as
twenty-three percent. These as well as other economic, political, and environmental concerns all
contribute to why climate change is a threat to global peace and security.
Climate change is a globally faced challenge that affects us all. All countries must do their part to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions and otherwise stop climate change. However, as a densely
populated archipelago of low elevated islands, the Kingdom of Bahrain is particularly vulnerable
to rising sea levels, and cannot afford any space that this may cost. Additionally, the already high
summer temperatures and population density of the Kingdom of Bahrain make climate change an
even larger issue. Appropriately, the Kingdom of Bahrain takes the topic of climate change
incredibly seriously, as evidenced by the actions of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Salman
bin Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference. As such,
the Kingdom of Bahrain has passed several measures on the topic. These include the Kingdom of
Bahrain Energy Efficiency Programme, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) Energy
Conservation Policy, The Energy Efficient Lighting Initiative, Civil Aviation Authority -
Emission Management Plan for Sustainable Aviation Growth, BAPCO Carbon Recovery Plan,
and the Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company (GPIC) Carbon Recovery Project. Additionally,
the Kingdom of Bahrain has constructed wind turbines, adapted the Motor Vehicle Standards,
taken up the Tatweer Petroleum efficiency projects (which are efforts into more energy
efficiency), and has even created a unit for sustainable energy under the Minister of Energy.
Rising water levels are one problem which the Kingdom of Bahrain is particularly sensitive to.
More land becomes uninhabitable as water levels rise due to climate change. As land becomes
uninhabitable, more refugees are created, increasing tensions between countries regarding
resources. Unusual weather patterns can further damage the infrastructures of countries,
encouraging conflict between countries. The Kingdom of Bahrain would like to recommend a
global communication system on greenhouse gas emissions and other relevant topics in an effort
to stop or hinder climate change and its effects by increasing accountability. It is crucial to not
only continue, but to increase funding to stop current, and prevent future, climate change.
Collaboration to avert further climate change by the reinforcement of previous actions and the
creation of new ones should ensue immediately by all parties. For instance, measures should be
taken to improve global education on the subject. Climate change directly affects all nations and
should be appropriately treated as the menace it truly is.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Bangladesh
Represented by: Cleveland Heights High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly
Within the First Committee of the General Assembly, The Disarmament and International
Security (DISEC) committee (DISEC), is the deals with issues regarding disarmament and
international security matters that prove to be either global challenges and/or threats to peace
that affect the international community. Henceforth, it is the job of this committee to work in a
structured and thorough manner to solve these issues brought before it and to work closely with
one another through close cooperation, general debate, thematic discussions, and most
importantly, action on drafts.
I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The General Assembly (GA) was established under Chapter IV of the United Nations
Charter. The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) has had a long
history of considering the issues relating to all things international security and disarmament
efforts whether that be the use of conventional arms or the full adoption of nuclear and other
mass destruction weapons. With that said, it seems in order that the issue regarding
cooperation in airline safety policies would be next on the agenda for this committee. It is of the
utmost importance that a clear solution is reached so that all member states may be closely
aligned on the goals of safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable and environmentally
responsible civil aviation.
In the past, this committee has worked closely with the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO), a United Nations established agency under the Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC) that works with the Convention’s 191 Member States and industry groups to
reach consensus on international civil aviation Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPs) and policies in support of a sector. It can be inferred than that this committee’s
delegations shall cooperate with the objective to reevaluate the standards set out by previous
conventions such as the Chicago Convention. Recognizing these past conventions, the
delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh wishes to follow in its footsteps along with
the already established rules and regulations of Bangladesh’s own Civil Aviation Authority.
Within the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh Act, 2017, a strong stance on the safety and
security of air travel was outlined. It is the hope of the delegation of Bangladesh that this strong
stance on safety and security is one paralleled by other nations.
After further assessment of the situation at hand, there are several steps the
Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) should take to reach a proper
agenda focused on multi partisan collaboration with compatible objectives. It seems appropriate
then to look back on the goals set out by the international civil aviation (SARPs) which
summarise the goals of ICAO and all of its participating member states among five key
categories: safety, efficiency, security, economically sustainability and environmental
responsibility. The delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh strongly hopes and
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encourages full attention and cooperation from all countries working within the committee to
follow these goals.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Throughout history, global security measures have always been focused on a common
and physical enemy that poses a threat to the safety of nations, its citizens, and the overall
global contentment. In the 21st century the greatest enemy is no longer easily identifiable.
Climate change, one of the most discussed topics of the century, is the greatest threat to human
civilization in the world today. As a main contributor to global catastrophe, the impact of climate
change has produced a plethora of international security challenges such as natural disasters,
displacement, and food shortages. According to the 2015 Climate Change Vulnerability Index,
Bangladesh is the most at risk country for climate change.
With a GDP of about $1,220, the economic losses in Bangladesh over the past 40 years
were at an estimated $12 billion. These enormous economic losses are of a direct correlation to
the impact of climate change through agricultural losses and infrastructure repairs due to natural
disasters. Two-thirds of the country is less than five meters above sea level, and floods
increasingly inundate homes, destroy farm production, close businesses, and shut down public
infrastructure. Witnessing this, the Bangladesh government has recently taken major steps in
the development of a strategy and action-plan to fight this growing issue. Through a
crowdsourcing campaign called the Multi Donor Trust Fund (MDTF), which is ministered by the
World Bank, this action-plan will enable Bangladesh to effectively use international assistance
for climate change, and attract substantial funding in the future.
The delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh holds firm that this issue is of
great significance and should be handled accordingly. Through mutual trust and cooperation, it
is the hope of this delegation to reach a solution with other nations that not only supplies the
regions damaged by climate change with service but also provide new ways to hinder the future
progress of a changing climate and hopefully reverse the harmful effects already endured by
nations such as Bangladesh. World Bank-supported initiatives have already began the long
journey against the ever changing world climate. Appropriately then it should be the goal of this
committee to look back at these initiatives and all other actions set out by individual
governments or NGOs. By doing so, a clear agenda can be set out and agreed upon for
developing vital action against climate change.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Belgium
Represented by: Orange High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security
The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving
Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Belgium is devoted to
solving these issues with an open mind and a strong hope that international collaboration will occur so that we can
effectively come up with and implement solutions that will create a better world.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Airlines can be very dangerous especially in the news lately in the United States and other places there have been
various instances of airlines not responding correctly to passengers and this is absolutely unacceptable on a national
and international level. Historically, Belgium has always advocated for safety on airlines and for airlines to promote
safe policies but this is often not the case and other nations and so Belgian hopes that this can be solved through
today's conference.
This issue does not have very much of a history because the news recently is what has brought it to the international
body’s attention. However, a body was created for it, called the United Nations’ International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) in 1944 as a specialized agency under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council to
“manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.” This body has been
essential and helping to reduce the amount of corruption among airlines in treating their passengers and therefore
Belgium believes that this can be a great way to solve this issue and create more international cooperation. Belgium
also has lots of travel, within its own country and internationally, so this issue is of the utmost importance and
Belgium’s government supports safety as much as it can, and it recognizes how international civilian aviation is
linked to other issues of global security.
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Belgium hopes that today, we can do more research into this issue of airline safety to determine which means of
policies are best to solve it and make sure that passengers stay safe.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Climate change which has become even more important recently because of emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse
gases actually affects Global Security even though at first glance he probably would think that wouldn't because it is
such an unrelated issue it is actually very related which shows the interconnectedness of all things on this Earth. Out
of all of the effects of this issue the most important political instability that it creates.
Political instability is a threat to not only Belgium but the entire world and we must solve it today political
instability is dangerous and in addition if we cannot solve climate change right now in the future there could be wars
such as a World War 3 which be extremely dangerous and other problems as well involving citizens and national
governments and international bodies. Belgium is affected by this issue because climate change affects us all and the
security that it affects is global, meaning it affects the whole globe. Belgium supports United Nations policies on
this.
Belgium strongly advocates for the promotion of interconnected efforts to solve climate change now because it is a
problem that continues to worsen and must be alleviated for the future so that everyone stays safe and global
security is not threatened.
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Delegation From: Canada
Represented by: St. Vincent-St. Mary High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly 1st Committee
The issues before the UN General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety
Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Canada is enthusiastically
awaiting the solutions that will be proposed at this committee and hopes that the General
Assembly can help contribute to improved security in our world.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Airline safety has been a very important issue and has been increasing since the events of 9/11.
The amount of people that fly every day is over 4 million and is constantly growing as more
people need to get places faster. However, as the amount of people that fly everyday goes up, so
does the number of bombings, terrorist threats, and acts of terrorism among airports, and within
the air traffic itself. Terrorism among airlines began in 1933, therefore having been around for 84
years. Security has been improving throughout the years and new technology is always being
worked on to create safer airports and airlines. Canada is always working on new ways to keep
airlines safer and realizes that a safer airline, is a better one.
Canada has been working on new ways to ensure and improve safety and has participated in
many projects to support this growing issue. Canada also is the house of the Headquarters of the
International Airline Traffic Association (IATA), which represents 117 countries and accounts
for 83% of airline traffic. Canada, in accordance with the IATA, has been working to create and
promote safety procedures on a global scale. It has increased the training of pilots, security
within and without the airplanes, newly discovered epidemics, and addressing safety measures
that are rising in our everyday technology.
Canada recognizes and believes that the need for a solution to this issue is extremely crucial to
the development of a safer world. The delegation of Canada would like to implement an
initiative that increases the amount of air traffic control facilities and also bases previous attacks
to help learn what could have been done better and what can be done to prevent future ones that
are similar. We also hope to create centers to analyze airline crashes to see what could be done to
the engineering of airplanes to make a safer flight. The delegation of Canada would also like to
keep in mind that although adding these security services will come at a high price, this will lead
to a very safe future.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The issue of climate change is one of the largest issues in the world as it affects the entire world
whether it’s the melting of Polar ice caps to melt causing rising sea levels and flooding, droughts
among middle eastern countries and Africa, or the temperature increase causing vegetation to
die, which results in the destroying homes and environments of humans and animals. Thus,
leading to migration, causing overpopulation and political instability. Canada views climate
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change as the most threatening and prevalent issue when it comes to security on both a national
and global standpoint.
The country of Canada knows that, as global temperatures continue to rise at drastic levels, so
does the frequency and severity of natural disasters that affect both Canadian communities as
well as communities all over the world. The Canadian Military has been actively involved in
relief efforts for communities that have been devastated by these natural disasters, both
domestically and abroad. These relief efforts strain Canadian Military forces, who are also
involved in UN backed stabilization and peacekeeping missions in Cyprus (UNFICYP), South
Sudan (UNMISS), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO).
Canada’s claims to its arctic territories are heavily dependent on the ability to create sustainable
communities in the region. Climate Change is having a major impact on these communities by
limiting their ability to survive. The loss of these communities would weaken and diminish
Canada’s claim to the arctic and weaken Canada’s military reach. Canada remains committed to
reducing its current emissions to thirty percent below their 2005 level, a goal the country set for
itself during the UN sponsored Paris Agreements. We strongly advocate for the world to keep
global temperatures below a two-degree Celsius increase since preindustrial times and work
towards keeping temperatures within a one-and-a-half-degree Celsius increase. The only way to
truly prevent a global security crisis caused by climate change is to limit the causes which
directly relate to the effects, of climate change and strive for a greener, more sustainable society.
We have a plan that involves present and future issues that focuses on education,
implementation, and an increased availability of more eco-friendly devices to the public. This
plan then results in the help and aid of financially unstable countries, undeveloped, and
developing countries to use much cheaper and efficient items that are better for not only their
economy, but for the world.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Cuba
Represented by: Bay High School
Position Paper for the Disarmament and International Security Committee
The issues before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are: Improving
Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security.
The Cuban delegation is concerned with both the security of airlines and the imposing concerns
of climate change as both have strong ties to the economy of Cuba. We seek to reach an
understanding of both issues, in which Cuba can maintain its autonomy and still profit from
improved cooperation and security.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The Cuban delegation is aware of the issues which affect air traffic security today. Being that
Cuba exports $1.4 billion dollars and imports $6.82 billion dollars annually, the control and
security of air travel and freighting is incredibly important to the country. Additionally, as an
island, Cuba depends on air travel for not only shipping goods vital to the survival of the island,
but also for sustaining the economy.
The Cuban government centralized the airline, Cubana de Aviación, in 1920. Since then, the
government has been able to fully regulate the air travel using Cuban planes. However, many
imports and exports to and from Cuba use planes from Cuba’s trading partners. For this reason,
the international security of planes and airports is of the utmost important to the Cuban
government. The Cuban government already checks planes before departure and upon arrival, in
order to ensure the security of the flight and its cargo. This is a process which should be adopted
by countries around the world because it ensures the safety and security of cargo.
U.N. Resolution 2309 calls for the cooperation of International Civil Aviation Organization to
“continuously adapt measures to meet that ‘ever-evolving global threat’” (U.N.). Cuba supports
this resolution, as it enforces “Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, including
sovereignty over the airspace above a State’s territory, territorial integrity and political
independence of all States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations” (U.N. 2309).
The sovereignty of individual nations is of the utmost importance to the Cuban delegation, and
the degree of sovereignty each resolution awards will be paramount to Cuba’s support of the
resolution. As an extension of Resolution 2309, the Cuban delegation would appreciate a greater
degree of international cooperation with the ICAO in order to ensure the safety and security of
flights to and from the European, Asian, Middle Eastern, and African regions. The security of
globally transported goods and air trade will always remain a priority to the government of Cuba.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Cuba is deeply concerned with the unavoidable evidence of a drastic change in climate. As the
main crops of Cuba are sugar, tobacco, and liquor, the ability to maintain growing a steady,
reliable crop is paramount to the economic security of Cuba. Therefore, the Cuban government is
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prepared to participate in whatever is necessary to globally reduce the chances of drastic changes
of climate.
As demonstrated by the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, the Cuban government
has taken an unwavering interest in international efforts to reduce climate change. In addition to
political measures to counter climate change, Cuban farmers have made efforts to protect their
crops from the potential damaging effects of the climate. Such measures include planting drought
resistant crops and digging ponds to guarantee water supplies in times of desperation. By seeking
to impose measures which resist harm from climate change, Cuba expresses a desire to find a
solution to the ever growing threat climate change poses to the world.
Cuba supports U.N. resolution 63/281 which focuses on climate change and its possible security
implications. By reinforcing the World Summit Outcome of 2005, and the Programme of Action
for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. These resolutions not only
create awareness regarding the issue of climate change worldwide, but also provide the
beginning of a possible solution for the ever imposing issue which is climate change.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation: Democratic Republic Congo (DRC)
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for the Disarmament and International Security Council
The issues before the First Committee of the General Assembly are as follows: Improving Cooperation in Airline
Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The DRC shares its worries with many other
nations over these issues and patiently awaits the opportunity to discuss solutions.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
With the development of our world come inevitable changes. Since the start of commercial air transportation in the
early twentieth century, such aviation evolved beyond its initial purposes. The late 1900s and early 2000s saw a
sharp increase in inappropriate uses for commercial airplanes. As much as the September 9th, 2001 terrorist attack
took the world by surprise, the frequency of airplane hijacking, bomb attacks, and purposeful crashes soon-after
skyrocketed. The constant threat of airplane misuses is a growing international problem that poses a serious setback
for air travel safety.
Despite the Democratic Republic of Congo’s strategic geographic location and plentiful mineral resources (annual
copper, cobalt, and petroleum exports amount to almost 5 billion USD), certain distractions prevent the effective
development of airline safety. The enormous potential of these resources is hindered by decades-long civil turmoil,
political unrest, inadequate public welfare, and economic instability are only some examples. Lacking even decent
socioeconomic standards, the DRC experienced very little development in the aviation industry. Unsurprisingly,
there is an absence of paved runways in over 85% of airports in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Take for
example the main international airport in Kinshasa, the capital. It’s is not only barely maintained, but still uses
infrastructure built by Belgians during the colonial era. Furthermore, in 1998, the same airport was the site of a
significant battle in the Second Congo War, a recent conflict that claimed a total of over 5 million Congolese lives.
These horrific realities demonstrate the difficulty of developing safe commercial aviation, let alone airline safety
policies. However, the DRC government looks forward to collaborating with other nations to improve airline safety
and possibly commercial aviation to the best of their abilities.
Improving cooperation in airline safety policies is a challenging task for it is dependent on the location or region of
concern. Inspired by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) created to serve European aviation-related
needs, the Democratic Republic of Congo calls for a coalition of sub-Saharan African regions. Halfway between the
Gulf of Guinea and Madagascar, midway between the Gulf of Aden and the Skeleton Coast, the Democratic
Republic of Congo’s strategic central location in said region makes it an ideal location to found headquarters for
such a coalition. The coalition may consist of several committees, or branches of delegates and workers from
countries in the alliance, to study, fund, and develop air transportation in the area. The success of this long-term
project would not only promote international economic business but would also provide for an African connection to
the ‘western’ world, a status that has never been truly achieved in the world’s history.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Climate change is arguably the most controversial theory of modern history. Claims and denials made by many
governments regarding the legitimacy of changing global weather patterns have gained international attention in the
past years, especially those more prone to possible effects of this situation. Despite widespread controversies,
unequivocal scientific evidence indicates worrying data that clearly establishes patterns in significant global
temperature increase (2°F in the last century), warming oceans (0.3°F in the few decades), melting glaciers, (36 mi3
loss of ice in Antarctica over the course of three years), rising sea level (8 in. in the last century), and various other
extreme environmental situations. Clearly, climate change is not a matter to take lightly nor one to shirk away from.
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With over half the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo living in rural regions, reliance on environment
is a critical factor in the daily lives of these 40 millions civilians. Fishing, agriculture, and other such climate-
dependent activities are the foundation of the survival of these people, as in many other nations of sub-Saharan
Africa and elsewhere in the world. Climate change poses a serious problem to these civilians’ reliance on nature and
hence has a toll on their security, as warming temperatures interfere with these activities. Yet civil and political
turmoil again hinders the development of environmental policies, although the DRC has adopted an organization-
based system (called the Atlas) to assess the situation and encourage investment in renewable resources. The Atlas
was developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Netherlands Development Organization
(NDO), and the DRC’s Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity. Should this project succeed, sustainable and
renewable energy could be secured through the Democratic Republic of Congo’s impressive potential for harvesting
energy from hydroelectric dams, wind, and solar sources. The potential amount of energy that could be harvested
from this project could eventually support electricity for the entire sub-Saharan African region. Besides, DRC’s
prime location in the region renders the distribution of this energy in all directions feasible.
Though the installation of the Atlas program and the presence of several other NGOs in the Democratic Republic of
Congo is a superb start to adaptation to climate change, it is far from enough. To truly ensure security for everyone
through sustainable resources and preparation for climatic changes, certain measures must be taken - and they must
be taken in full effect by at least a significant majority of countries in order to prove effective. While some attempts
have been made to improve global security through environmental policies (for example, the recent Paris Accord of
2015), much more can be done to help the matter on a larger scale. The Democratic Republic of Congo is
developing a plan with particular emphasis at treating the causes of climate change so as to not worsen the situation.
Admittedly, consequent plans must be made to attempt (at the very least) to reduce the existing effects of climate
change. Though further assessment, amendment, and debate is necessary for this proposal, the basics are as follows:
to develop an extensive foundation for the consumption of renewable energy rather than non-renewable energy and
to form international legislation to gradually yet in a realistic approach set limits to greenhouse gas emissions.
Perhaps it is safest to leave this project in the hands of an international committee who will oversee its needs. Total
annual funding required for a year’s worth of operating this project will be calculated in absolute honesty at the
beginning of each year, and whose grand total shall be amassed through individual nations’ share in greenhouse gas
emissions and individual economic situation. In other words, at the start of every year, a committee will assess the
total funding needed for the next 12 months and collect money from countries proportionally based on individual
combinations of environmental and economic factors, although each country may choose how to fund their
individual sum. In such ways, the DRC hopes to develop an internationally-successful proposal that encourages the
use of renewable energy, provides funds to secure and maintain a cleaner environment for all, and set a high
precedent for future environmental technologies - all through a collective effort. Hopefully, these terms will allow
for the continuation of diverse cultures and traditions yet also provide a sense of respect and awareness for our
shared environment.
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Delegation from: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Represented by: Saint Joseph Academy
Delegate: Esther Ngemba
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has one the big Airline in Africa which help travel.
Ethiopian 1st Airline in Africa to Receive Airbus A350XWB and First in the World to fly it in African
Skies Ethiopian. is proud to be the first airline from Africa to take delivery of the A350 and excel in
offering its passengers the ultimate travel experience on-board this aircraft ahead of other carriers.
Ethiopian is also pleased to make all Africans proud by being the first airline in the world to fly this ultra-
modern airplane in the African skies. In 2016, Ethiopian has received two A350 XWB. The Democratic
Republic of Ethiopia beliefs that countries should world together to Improving Cooperation in Airline
Safety Policies because this is the big transportation that people around use to travel. We should add more
fund to Airline Safety to improve Security Check in and increase the number of bomb squad in Africa.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has been one of the african countries that have been
impacted by climate change. It has brought challenges to our global security and a big threat to
international peace. It cause drought that cause conflict over water and pressure on food sources. Due the
Famine and drought the people of that area are forced to move. This create a challenges for the global
community in ways to keep peace and security. When we estimate the global security that will be affected
by climate change, it shows that by the year 2100 the world population is projected to hit 11.2 billion.
This shows the bigs risk that be caused by climate change through those figures and this risks of famine,
human displacement, terror, political and water conflict we are ready seeing most of this things in our
word today. This why the topic of climate has be important to the United Nations for many years. That
brought the formalling of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to to provide
the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential
environmental and socio-economic impacts.The UN had been developing resources to help bring a great
understand of the issues of climate change and set up a clear plan of action to address the challenges of
climate change. The federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is one of the country that signed the Paris
Climate change Agreement , it was signed by 195 countries after nine years of negotiation. This
agreement is big step for countries to start taking actions that will help control Climate Change. Most
countries should educated their citizens about climate change and make it part of their daily life.
Countries should focus how climate affect everyone around the world because give them better
understanding migration cause by nature disaster. Also to provide aid to counties that a having struggle
with climate change but this will only be countries that have signed the Paris Climate Change
Agreement.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: France Represented by: Western Reserve Academy
Position Paper for GA I DISEC The issues before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are: Improving Cooperation in
Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. France has been
continuously working with nonstop effort to create an environment in which it is safe to live and prosper
in an efficient community through the collaboration with other nations. Therefore, it is adamant that
France takes action because the two leading issues that currently dominate France are air pollution and
climate change. I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Over the past decade, France has made several efforts to enforce airline safety amongst the numerous
airlines currently located throughout France. According to one of France’s sustainable development goals,
there is action being taken to have further success with airline safety policies. France has had many
encounters with the need for airline safety to become more adamant. Since then, there have been
implementations of European regulations in order to make flying and airports a safer place to be. French
policies have various statements that outline what is and isn’t allowed by French airlines and that these
rules must be taken seriously due to previous incidents. Since terrorism has become even more apparent throughout Europe, especially France, there have been
measures taken in order to ensure safety amongst the people that fly in and out of France. Due to this, the
French Civil Aviation Authority (DGAC) has been providing assistance for several years to Cambodia in
order to improve their cooperation amongst other countries. Through this, France has helped Cambodia in
the development of regulations for the certification of aerodromes, and has provided training to
Cambodia’s aerodrome inspectors. As a result of the improvement of these actions, Phnom Penh and
Siem Reap have been certified. Along with this France and the European Commission have provided
financial contributions to Ukraine. Which has resulted in the hiring and training of three new inspectors
for the civil aviation authority of Ukraine. From these actions, France wants a continuous improvement throughout the rest of Europe, in case of any
other disasters that occur in the near future. There has to be a collaborative initiative made in order to see
further improvement with the cooperation of the surrounding countries of France. In order for further
action to be taken to improve this cooperation, there have to be certain rules and regulations implemented
so that nothing is misconstrued, meaning that their is efficient cooperation.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security France is highly supportive of taking action for the increasing climate change that threatens the safety of
the environment. The French president recently introduced an aim in which there will be work done to
make a Global Pact for the Environment. The reason behind the creation of this pact, is that there is an
urgent need to build a sustainable future for France because of the increasing threats to the environment,
and how those threats impact the survival of mankind, and ultimately, the planet. Since this enactment,
France is taking the lead with trying to implement the Paris Agreement and take action with the goals that
need to be achieved. With the increase in climate change, France is trying to improve the daily lives of French people, do away
with fossil fuels, make France number one in the green economy, bring out the potential of ecosystems
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and agriculture, and at the same time, step up international mobilization on climate diplomacy. France,
wants to exceed their expectations in order to make the environment a better place not just for France, but
for other countries as well. In order for France to improve the daily lives of French people, they have to
share this solidarity at an international level. In order to fully address the issue of the impact of climate
change, France has recently signed a new partnership agreement for 2017-2020 with the International
Union for Conservation of Nature, which is the oldest, and the largest environmental organization in the
world. The partnership will mainly deal with the fight against climate change, amongst many other issues;
such as the governance and management of biodiversity and the management of coastal areas. France has done an exemplary amount of work that has been invested into creating a better future for the
citizens of France, and the surrounding countries. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, it has been
ratified by 166 countries. From this ratification, it is made apparent that the main goal of this agreement is
to limit the increase in global temperatures to less than 2°C. Along with that, the other goals of the
agreement are to increase the capacity of countries to adapt to climate change, and through this, direct
financial flows toward economic activities that produce very low greenhouse gas emissions. As of recent
progress, France recently participated in the COP23 conference, where three concrete goals are promoted
in order to fight against climate change. In reference to an article written about the event, France is going
to continue to negotiate and implement the rules of the Paris Agreement, specifically the perimeter of the
five-year global review process that will enter into effect in 2023. The French government has done very well with setting into place what needs to happen in order to have
a successful outcome of their preparation to attack the issue with climate change. It is of utmost concern
that direct action is taken in order to prevent the situation from becoming even worse. According to the
Background Guide of the General Assembly, it is climate change that creates instability amongst the
people, which leads to the displacement of people if the situation becomes worse. Therefore, the
committee is in need of a direct action plan that can enforce a rapid change that will have a long-lasting
effect that can decrease climate change to the max.
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Delegation from: Hungary
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International
Security
Conflicts before the General Assembly, First committee, Disarmament and International Security
Council are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change
on Global Security. Hungary is devoted to the bettering of airline safety of all people and the
hope to continually improve the policies.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
In the past decades air travel has continually grown to a large extent, to the point that millions of
passengers are flying every day and thousands of flights across the world are taking place.
Although travel is much easier to access and becoming a necessity, dangers civil flights face due
to extraneous scenarios, such as weapons testing from various countries such as North Korea to
planes being shot down by Russians over the middle east. Airplanes have many positives, but
come with serious negatives that need to be handled.
In the recognition of the International Civil Aviation Organization, Hungary recognizes the need
to enforce airline policies to protect all civilians flying into and out of the country. Although
there may be extenuating circumstances, all civilians should feel safe and be able to trust that
their well-being is never compromised when flying to a foreign or familiar land, and that
additional enforcing on Airline Safety Policies is a necessity to avoiding terror attacks and the
endangerment of anyone flying.
A possible solution to increase the safety of airlines would be to increase regulations, to avoid
dangerous threats that civilians pose. Regulations can be made by a three checkpoint system in
which it regulates the passengers that board onto the flight, the luggage that is being transported,
and the criminal histories of each passenger to see if they possibly pose a threat to others.
Another solution is to annually update and check the security machinery to make sure that it is
up to par and not flawed.
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II. The Impact of CLimate Change on Global Security
Climate change has been a controversial topic throughout the world. Also known as “global
warming”, the Earth has continually heated up over many millennia. With the constant climate
change the risk for the continent Antarctica could potentially melt and not only risk flooding
nearby continents and raising the water level, but also the endangerment of the living organisms
in the area.
Hungary, like many other countries have experienced climate change over the centuries.
Although this may be a threat to the world’s safety, Hungary has also become a part of the
solution by signing the Paris Climate Agreement along with 175 governments. The Agreement
aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this
century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the
temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. With this, hopefully the global climate
change issue could possibly be resolved.
A possible solution is to economically limit fuel that can affect the climate. Regulating fuel
usage such as coal, oil, etc it can be a solution to keep the climate change down. Although, not a
permanent solution, it can buy time to find something that can permanently stop climate change.
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Delegation from: Iceland
Represented by: Orange High School
The delegation from Iceland today would like to discuss Improving cooperation in airline Safety and the
Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The delegation from Iceland is interested in finding lasting
solutions and looks forward to cooperating with fellow delegations in the committee.
Topic I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The air transport industry plays a major role in world economic activity. One of the key elements to
maintaining the vitality of civil aviation is to ensure safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainable
operations at the global, regional and national levels. A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International
Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of
international civil aviation throughout the world. ICAO sets the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)
necessary for aviation safety, security, efficiency and environmental protection on a global basis. ICAO serves as the
primary forum for cooperation in all fields of civil aviation among its 191 Member States.1 Improving the safety of
the global air transport system is ICAO’s guiding and most fundamental Strategic Objective.
Topic II: The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Environmental Change could devastatingly affect human and Environmental wellbeing. Potential impacts
of Climate Change on human wellbeing incorporate higher rates of respiratory and warmth related ailment,
expanded pervasiveness of vector-borne and waterborne sicknesses, nourishment and water uncertainty, and lack of
healthy sustenance. People who are elderly, wiped out, or poor are particularly powerless against these potential
outcomes. Tending to Climate Change could have considerable advantages to human well being. In this position
paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) suggests that doctors and the more extensive Health Care people
group all through the world take part in Environmentally maintainable practices that lessen Carbon Emissions;
bolster endeavors to moderate and adjust to the impacts of Climate Change; and teach general society, their partners,
their group, and officials about the wellbeing dangers postured by Climate Change. Handling Climate change is a
chance to significantly enhance human wellbeing and deflect desperate Environmental results, and ACP trusts that
Physicians can assume a part in accomplishing this objective. Environmental Change could represent a "disastrous
hazard" to human wellbeing and undermine the world wide wellbeing picks up accomplished amid the past 50 years.
The truth of Climate change and our warming planet is unequivocal, and in spite of the fact that there keeps on being
wrangle about and disagreeing sees on whether Climate Change is to a great extent the consequence of human
action, the American College of Physicians (ACP), on the premise of its audit of the proof as depicted in this paper,
firmly agrees with the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has expressed that
"human effect on the Climate System is clear". The consuming of Fossil Fuels, deforestation, other land-utilize
changes, farming and sustenance creation, and power plant emanations all discharge Carbon Dioxide and other
nursery gasses into the air, catching warmth which at that point raises world wide temperatures and makes different
changes the Climate System . Conceivable immediate and backhanded Health impacts incorporate higher rates of
respiratory and warmth related ailment, raised commonness of vector-borne sicknesses, expanded sustenance
weakness and lack of healthy sustenance, and behavioral Health issues. Albeit all countries will confront the
contrary Health impacts of Climate Change, creating nations and in addition defenseless populaces Throughout the
World, for example, the Elderly, Children, and individuals with endless diseases—will be excessively influenced.
Environmental Change is going on now, and its belongings are required to compound throughout the following
century. Anthropogenic (Human-Caused) Greenhouse Gas Emissions must be generously checked to hold the
Global Average Temperature increment to "well beneath" 3.6 °Fand the more yearning focus of 2.7 °F above
Preindustrial levels, as built up in the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change, which was received by the agents of 195 countries in December 2015. Endeavors to adjust to a changing
planet and alleviate future hurtful Emissions could achieve significant Health and Environmental cobenefits. A
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feeling of desperation is justified. Under one situation, combined Carbon dioxide emanations could make the world
wide normal temperature achieve the edge of 3.6 °F above Preindustrial levels by 2045. Albeit mindfully positive,
the Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change cautions that "the impacts of Climate Change are being felt
today, and future projections speak to an inadmissibly high and possibly disastrous hazard to human well being" .
The ACP is worried about the impact that Climate Change could have on singular people and populaces in the
United States and all through the world. In spite of the fact that Climate Change represents a conceivably significant
danger to human and Environmental Health, making a move to lessen Greenhouse Gas Emissions could have real
advantages to human Health. For instance, diminishing engine vehicle use for walking or cycling could yield Carbon
Emission decreases and Health upgrades, and Carbon contamination norms for control plants could positively affect
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health. Doctors and the more extensive Health Care people group have a
noteworthy stake in tending to Climate Change, not just by treating patients encountering its Health impacts yet in
addition by upholding for powerful Climate Change adjustment and moderation arrangements, teaching general
society about potential Health threats postured by Climate Change, pushing for a low Carbon Health Care segment,
inquiring about and actualizing general Health techniques, and receiving way of life changes that point of
confinement Carbon Emissions and may accomplish better wellbeing. The issue of Climate change is frequently
situated as a simply Environmental, financial, or political one; be that as it may, Climate Change could have extreme
outcomes for human Health and doctors can assume a vital part in bringing issues to light. In this position paper, the
ACP explores the evidence on the Health effects of Climate Change and offers recommendations on how physicians
and the broader Health Care sector can take action to slow global warming and reduce the effects of Climate change
on patients and the planet. In every case, these activities are augmented by ICAO’s detailed appraisal of global and
regional aviation safety metrics on the basis of established risk management principles—a core component of
contemporary State Safety Programmes (SSP) and Safety Management Systems (SMS). Applying these principles in
the field of aviation safety requires ICAO to pursue a strategy comprised of proactive and reactive safety analysis
and risk management processes. In all of its coordinated safety activities, ICAO strives to achieve a balance between
assessed risk and the requirements of practical, achievable and effective risk mitigation strategies. The ICAO Safety
Report is published annually each April in electronic format to provide updates on safety indicators including
accidents and related risk factors occurring in the previous year. In addition, ICAO will publish a triennial Special
Edition – the State of Global Aviation Safety report – during August of each year in which an ICAO Assembly is
held. The State of Global Aviation Safety reports provide Member States, the aviation community and the travelling
public with a high-level analysis of air transport safety trends and indicators. They also include comprehensive
accounts of the significant aviation safety programmes being undertaken by ICAO and its partners, highlighting the
Organization’s important leadership role in fostering increased cooperation and innovation to enhance air transport
safety outcomes worldwide. The State of Global Aviation Safety Report will be published in six languages,
electronically and in print.
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Delegation: Islamic Republic of Iran
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for General Assembly
The issues before the First Committee of the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline
Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Islamic Republic of Iran is
committed to enforcing regulated airline policies and promoting and creating solutions to the issue of
climate change.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Airline safety policies are a growing problem in a world growing more reliable on the need of
international transport. Improved airline safety policies in multiple nations around the world have helped
many different airlines to be a safer method of transport for more people. As a part of these airline safety
policies, the 2015 EU Aviation Strategy subjected the European aviation safety system to review. This
strategy also included the Proposal for a new Framework for Aviation Safety Regulation. Its purpose was
to help aid in the safety of airlines throughout Europe and compose a new framework for the next 10-15
years that would make sure that airlines are secure and environmentally friendly. The United States of
America tried this as well, with the Safety Management System, or the SMS. This framework attempted
to push the boundary of aviation safety, because of the growing dilemma of decreasing resources and
increased aviation activity. Its goal was to develop a safety policy that would achieve a zero accident
rate. It had many different components that were each a piece of the management system. Another
framework was established by the United Nations. The framework was called the International Civil
Aviation Organization, established in 1944. The ICAO was formed in order to create a safe and secure
aviation sector. Many other frameworks have been created in order to attempt to create a safer mode of
transportation from threats to these safety policies.
The Islamic Republic of Iran supports the ICAO in order to establish a more secure aviation system.
Many complaints have been issued about the condition of our aviation system. Many reporters and others
have used their right to the press in order to publicate the fact that our airline systems, including Iran Air,
are not up to par and should be upgraded. Because of financial penalties against Iran, the last time that
Iran Air received new aircraft was in 1994, with the receivement of the Airbus A300. In addition to these
low quality airlines, terrorist groups in support of Iran and many Iranians have been the cause of various
airplane hijackings. These include the hijacking from September 20, 1995, where flight attendant Rida
Garari took control of the flight and landed in Israel. Even though no Iranian hijackings have occurred
since the 1990 and security has greatly improved, their airlines are not at all perfect and still have some
room for improvement.
The Islamic Republic of Iran does not have a Transportation Security Administration, or the TSA. This is
a good thing, because when numerous undercover agents went through the TSA and attempted to smuggle
dangerous weapons and objects through this system, the TSA was unable to stop 95% of the agents
through security, so having a TSA in Iran would just be a waste of money. However, this does not mean
that airline security in Iran is perfect, it still has flawed. The previously mentioned examples of
hijackings on Iranian airlines have demonstrated that the Iranian airline security is not at all up to par. In
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order to increase safety of passengers and airline staff, different measures must be taken. These include
placing extensive background checks on staff, reinforcing cockpit doors, and educating passengers and
staff on recognizing dangerous activity and what to do in emergency response. These solutions will help
to keep the sky a much safer mode of transportation for everyone.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The issue of climate change is proving to become an overwhelming problem for global security. In the
21st century, a common foe to the security of the world happens to be climate change. However, this
term is not to be mistaken with the term “global warming”. The difference happens to be the fact that
global warming refers to the Earth’s rising temperature while climate change refers to global warming
and all of its side effects. Many different factors go into climate change, but the majority, if not all, of it
is caused by human and man-made factors, including pollution. 2015 was the hottest year since records
started being kept in 1880 and rising ocean temperatures have caused ocean levels to raise 8 inches. This
controversial topic regarding the existence of climate change really is slowly killing the Earth, stalling
this problem will only increase the problem at hand, something must be done to stop this problem.
Iran has also experienced climate change. For example, Lake Urmia in southwest Iran has experienced
hardships because of climate change. This lake has lost more than 90% of its water since the 1970s, and
will continue to lose water until something is done to stop it. Fishermen, farmers, and many other citizens
also continue to be affected negatively by climate change, as many fishermen and farmers who rely on
certain rivers or nearby water sources have lost them, as they have all dried up as a result of climate and
global warming. This huge decrease in food supply will cause many hungry people to die, leaving our
country vulnerable. Other citizens are being affected as the hot waters of the Persian Gulf threaten to
harm them. Photojournalist Ako Salemi noted that by 2070, continued climate change would make the
region so hot that it would be completely uninhabitable for humans to live in. All of these examples help
to demonstrate the fact that climate change is not only a threat to the security and safety of Iran, but to the
entire globe as well.
The truth is that we are halfway to being the cause of the death of many animal species, numerous
droughts, wildfires, and much more. The only thing that we can do now is to help to slow it down by
reducing the use of non renewable energy sources and increasing the use of renewable energy, such as the
sun, water, oxygen, and biomass (the burning of wood and other organic matter, which can provide fuel).
Encouraging the use of public transportation to reduce CO2 emissions and inspiring the act of recycling to
Iranian throughout the country will also help to slow climate change. Installing solar panels on buildings
helps to ensure that not only are thousands of dollars saved, but it would also help to slow down the issue
global warming and all of its side effects. Promoting the Paris Agreement would also help. The Paris
Agreement was an example of many countries coming together and agreeing to help curb carbon emission
and slow climate change. However, the Paris Agreement was only the first step. Much more must be
done in order to preserve the Earth, our Earth, and leave a better world for those who come after.
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Delegation from: The Republic of Iraq
Represented by: Westlake High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly, 1st Committee
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
and the Impact of Climate change on Global Security. The Republic of Iraq believes there must
be increased cooperation in airline safety policies in order to maintain global security and steps
must be taken to reduce climate change and mitigate its impacts.
I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The Republic of Iraq believes airline safety policy cooperation is important for maintaining
global security. Iraq has created the Iraq Civil Aviation Authority (ICAA) which coordinates
with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Iraq expresses its concern of the use
of civilian airlines for terrorism. Iraq also believes that the spread of infectious diseases through
air travel must be addressed.
In 2015, the European Union issued a ban on Iraq Airways from entering EU airspace due to
safety concerns. Iraq has taken steps to improve airline safety in order to lift this ban. The
Republic of Iran hopes increased cooperation in airline safety policies can prevent this from
happening again.
The Republic of Iraq believes that international cooperation is necessary to ensure global
security and to keep airline travel safe for civilians. The General Assembly should work with the
ICAO to ensure airline safety policies are adequate.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The Republic of Iraq recognizes the grave threat climate change poses on the world and believes
action needs to be taken to mitigate its impacts. Iraq is concerned that climate change can impact
global security. Iraq signed the Paris Agreement in December 2016, showing its commitment to
reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Iraq submitted its Intended Nationally Determined
Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC) where Iraq set the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by the year
2035.
Iraq is dealing with problems with access to clean water and climate change is only making it
worse. Droughts and heat waves that are exacerbated by climate change can be destabilizing to
the region and will have large impacts on the people in Iraq. Iraq recognizes that water shortages
caused by climate change will also affects many other countries across the world. Iraq hopes
that the General Assembly addresses access to clean water as it works to solve the problem of
climate change. The Republic of Iraq believes maintaining access to clean water is imperative
for ensuring global security.
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Iraq is also concerned about refugees due to climate change. Iraq hopes that the General
Assembly looks for ways to mitigate the refugee crisis that will be caused by climate change.
The Republic of Iraq believes that to address this issue, countries must reduce greenhouse gas
emissions while also preparing for the effects of climate change.
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Delegation from: The Republic of Ireland
Represented by: Bay Village High school
Position Paper for DISEC Council
The issues presented before the DISEC are as follows: global issues, disarmament,
threats to international security, and chemical weapons that can lead to great
destruction and threats to regional, national, and global peace. Ireland seeks to promote
efficient international action to maintain international peace and security, and devote to
nuclear disarmament and prevention. Ireland will cooperate with other nations to
advocate a resolution to put these fundamentals in order.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The republic of Ireland will actively participate in international forums to influence
advances in the safety of air travel. As well as recognize the importance and
significance of the issue. Previous actions such as a 900 hour flight limit known as
¨Flight Time Limitations¨ to pilots on aircrafts to ensure high alert, safe flights circulated
in February of 2016.As well as high investigative teams incase of an issue. Ireland
strongly supports the development to a safer aviation through cooperation with IAA
(Irish Aviation authority) , EU, UN, and IATA (international air transport association) this
is represented in a National Aviation Policy from the Department of Transport of Ireland
that was presented in August of 2015. Ireland has also worked with EASA by passing
many legislations with European Parliament. Such as the Commission Regulation in
May of 2016 and in June of 2013.
As a nation it is recognized that civil aviation safety is a major priority. Not one state can
approach this on their own, and that a global threat requires a global response. The
primary responsibility is held with the operation within the state is to ensure agreement
through organizations and legislations to be established with these policies.
Ireland has also made a procedure to continue partnership with industry and make an
approach with a Security Management System, doing so by regulations, strengthening
the monitoring systems, and improving security. As well as work with other nations and
legislations to develop resolutions for these policies by contributing the help of
organizations and legislations the nation has to offer by promoting safe air travel, strong
securities and regulations, as well as investigative processes to be used in an incident.
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II.The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The republic of Ireland acknowledges that climate change is an issue and has an impact
on global security. In the republic the misty lands will dry out and oceans will rise
creating issues for the nation. But also it will create regional and local tensions in the
affected areas. Nations like Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East are going to
be the most affected. This will create overpopulation,food and water shortages, and
instability. .The EU neighboring countries will be the one most affected meaning
political and other conflicts will arise.
Conflicts that will possibly arise in the future being over diminished resources, economic
damage, infrastructure damage on coastal cities, loss of territory, and tensions over low
energy supply. Safe water will also be an issue to many affected nations. Ireland has
monitored water supply, reduced greenhouse gases 40% since 1990, and water
moderation.
Ireland firmly believes that through cooperation with other states, the EU and UN that a
resolution could be made to maybe prevent or help the issues that will arise. Doing so
by enhancing capacities and the EU level, leadership to promote global climate security,
and also with help from third world countries. Also through the legislation of an
international climate policy or turn around could help improve further conflicts.
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35
Committee: GA1 DISEC
Topics: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate
Change on Global Security
Delegation from: Israel
Represented by: Lutheran West High School
Topic I
Airline safety is a term encompassing the occurrence and investigation of flight failures and the
impeding of such failures through education, training, and regulations. Israel believes that airline
safety is an issue of global concern. Effective, sustainable, and safe airlines will only become a
reality by international collaboration. With over 100,000 daily flights, the need for regulated
airline safety standards cannot be stressed enough. Israel is appalled by the fact that the
implementation worldwide of international safety standards in civil aviation was reported at only
63% by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2016. Israel supports the
ICAO’s work thus far, and encourages all countries to comply with their standards.
Possibly facing more terrorist threats than any country in the world, airline safety is a pressing
issue to Israel. For many years, Israel has been striving to develop higher levels of airline
security within its borders, and consequently has one of the most secure airline systems in the
world. Its last major security breeching was the hijacking of the El Al passenger flight 426 on
July 23, 1968. Israel’s comprehensive security protocol is achieved through a system of diligence
and consistency. Not only does the country have a superior array of equipment to aid authorities
in combatting potential terrorist attacks, its passenger-oriented security system relies on the
assumption that terrorist can be identified and stopped by simple but effective security
methodology. The security personnel at the Ben Gurion airport are highly trained army graduates
with specialized skills, using cutting edge technology such as explosive-detecting pressure
chambers for checked baggage, and robots which patrol the airport grounds. Israel acknowledges
that while our security system is elite, it is not infallible and the country intends to rigorously
continue expanding its security policies.
The governance of international air transportation dates to 1944 with the adoption of the Chicago
convention and the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO). Israel believes that comprehensive passenger scrutiny, stringent training of security
personnel, along with development and integration of state-of-the-art technology is the way
forward in combating terrorism as it relates to airline safety. Israel encourages all states to
become involved in collaborative development and the implementation of airline safety measures
to strengthen aviation safety in the spirit of SC/12529 (Resolution 2309) that was unanimously
adopted by the Security Council in 2016.
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Topic II
Climate change, a continually growing international issue, affects numerous aspects of the lives
of billions of people, damaging global security. The effects of climate change are drastic,
dangerous, and far-reaching. Oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic, sea levels are rising,
and increases in heatwaves and evaporation are causing extreme weather conditions, like
hurricanes and droughts. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
“the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
Christina Fugures, the secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), says that “climate change poses one of the biggest long-term threats to
investment.” In addition to causing economic problems, climate change threatens infrastructure,
agriculture, and health. These and other effects of climate change are pertinent the topic of
Global Security because the impacts of a changing climate will aggravate worldwide tensions,
particularly and highly affected regions. Instability within countries will occur on countless
levels, fueled by problems like overpopulation, poor air quality, water scarcity, and food
shortages. Such instabilities will lead to failure of the cooperation and continuance of global
security.
I. As a country with limited space, a high population growth, a semi-arid climate, and
resource scarcity, Israel is highly susceptible to environmental crises, including global warming.
Israel joined the Paris agreement 10 days after it went into Force. Israel is targeting to reduce it's
greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 and limit its residents to 7.7 tons of carbon dioxide
per capita. As stated by Ze’ev Elkin, Environmental Protection minister, “The Paris Agreement
not only binds the State of Israel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions like all developed
countries, but it is also a tremendous opportunity for the growth of the Israeli cleantech sector,
providing new technological solutions in the field of environmental protection and coping with
climate change for the whole world.” Israel continues to support the Paris agreement,
acknowledging its importance not only for regions susceptible to climate change, but for the
world.
II. Global climate change poses an immediate threat to all nations. The permanent effects of
climate change on the environment will continue to create possibly irreversible economic harm
and displacement of people. Israel proposes that resolutions that are more stringent than
A/RES/63/32 and A/RES/281 be created and implemented.
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Delegation from: Republic of Mexico
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International
Security
The issues before the First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving
Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate change on Global Security.
Mexico shares its worries with many other nations over these issues and is committed to
improving global conditions for all.
I. Improving cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Since the birth of the United Nations, protection of airline safety has always been a priority.
Around the world, over 100,000 flights occur each day, transporting over 2.5 million people.
After the Ebola pandemic, the dangers of the sick traveling has never been more clear. In order
to assure the safety of civilian airlines, the ICAO had announced that all governments are subject
to the declaration the warning of any military weapons testing. However, on July 28, 2017, North
Korea was unable to comply and had performed a missile launch test, landing just off the coast
of Japan. Fortunately, an Air France airplane, which was above the crash zone just minutes
before, nor its hundreds of passengers were harmed. This is not the first time that North Korea
had disregarded the order to issue any sort of warning for military With this in mind, it has
become blatantly obvious that the DPRK is an international airline safety hazard. In light of
previous airline events, such as the plane bombing in Somalia, 9/11 terrorist attacks, Russian
plane bombings over Sinai, airline safety must be taken more into account than it has ever been.
For a nice warm vacation, Mexico is one of the most traveled countries. However, after President
Donald Trump’s promise of a wall between the border of Mexico and the United States and the
immigration threats, the appeal for travel into the country of Mexico has gone down. In the past,
Mexico has only ever been a major exporter for various aircraft parts. These parts include slats,
struts, nose gear, main gear, and spoilers just to name a few. These parts are then exported to
several different countries such as France, Spain, and Germany. Overall, the Republic of Mexico
has been cooperating with other nations to bolster economy and engaging with the industry to
develop a more safe and prosperous world.
The Republic of Mexico is completely willing to take part in rational solutions in order to help
and improve the cooperation in airline safety policies. In order to truly improve cooperation, we
must first establish harsher punishments and repercussions for governments who fail to alert
other countries of their military weapons trials. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has
done this far too many times, putting countless lives in danger in the name of their military
missile tests. Thorough and extensive care must be taken when looking into these future events
so that a right and just punishment may be comprehensively executed.
II. The Impact of Climate change on Global Security
World Population Growth estimates that by the year 2100, the global population will reach
approximately 11.2 billion. However, like all things, this number is subject to change via a large
variety of variables. The risks of natural disasters, famine, water famine, poverty, and politics are
just a fraction of these variables. Other nations, Syria and Maldives for example, have already
experienced the ramifications of these variables. It is only a matter of time before other nations
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are affected as well. For some time now, the United Nations have been contemplating this
subject and created Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in the late 80’s in order to fully
comprehend climate change and to determine the best course of action. For example, after nine
years, almost 200 different countries signed Paris Climate Accord in the hopes of keeping the
inflation of the overall global temperature at a max of 34.7 degrees Fahrenheit.
In over 100 countries, the IPCC has received the assistance of over 2000 scientists. For those
scientists, more than a dozen consisted of Mexican scientists and graduates from the National
University in Mexico City, far greater than any number of scientists from richer countries, such
as France or Spain. From the country’s lost cost mitigation and systematic techniques over the
last few years, Mexico has more than proven itself that it is fully committed to the fight against
climate change. Dating back to the early 2000s, Mexico has commenced a special program,
established the LGCC, published several strategies in order to combat climate change. As a
product of these actions, various techniques on decreasing particle emissions and greenhouse
gases. By the year 2050, it is estimated that approximately half of the country’s emissions will be
reduced.
If the General Assembly fails to develop a plan of action now to address the possible
consequences from future climate change, then soon Maldives and Syria will not be the only
countries affected by droughts and rising sea levels. In addition to all that this country already
does for climate change, Mexico urges other countries to adopt laws, such as the LGCC.
Bringing down the levels of greenhouse gases as well as particle emissions will further help with
Climate change on a global scale.
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39
Delegation from: The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Committee: General Assembly
Position Paper for the The General Assembly, First Committee
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of
Climate Change on Global Security. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea believes strongly in improving
airline safety as well as securing the globe environmentally.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The popularity and use of commercial airlines has grown rapidly since the end of World War II. With this rise in
use, the potential for these aircrafts to be used against citizens of the world has grown as well. The benefits of cheap,
accessible travel certainly outweigh the disadvantages; however, along with the conveniences come several issues.
In the past several years, many countries have had problems controlling the security issues that accompany
sophisticated airlines and airports. Many airports in both eastern and western Europe have been attacked while
several planes have been shot down over Russia. These attacks often have long term impacts on both the nation who
falls victim to the attack and the perpetrators themselves. Pertaining to this international dilemma, the General
Assembly, First Committee (GA1) is deeply concerned with improving cooperation in airline safety policies. As
crimes involving commercial airliners increase, the importance of this issue grows. It is of the utmost significance to
the international community in establishing new regulations to further build upon standards and recommended
practices (SARPS); doing so may cement crucial plans of the past by groups such as the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO) in order to ensure safety for all who choose to fly.
In the past, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been strongly outspoken on the topic of airline
and airport security. As the home of the finest airport in Asia, Pyongyang Sunan International Airport, security is
taken very seriously and implemented in strict manners. DPRK’s northern border with China is guarded very strictly
as to ensure that no desperate Chinese refugees attempt to illegally infiltrate into the nation. On the other hand, the
southern border is protected from the false Koreans through the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has been
guarded dutifully ever since the Fatherland Liberation War came to an victorious end in 1953. Strict security on our
borders efficiently guarantees that terrorists have limited access to the world’s top rated and used airline, Air Koryo.
Even tourists who come to see the numerous beauties of the country are heavily monitored and searched to ensure
the safety of thousands, primarily the Korean people. As a result of these regulations, the DPRK hasn’t had a single
attack on any of its airports or airplanes from either domestic or foreign sources. If the previous actions of the DPRK
are to be used as any precursor, the General Assembly can be assured that The Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea is truly committed to Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies to secure international safety.
Providing support to further pass strict airline security policy is extremely important to the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea. We strongly suggest that other countries take us and our policies seriously and disregard the
negative biased western media with their campaigns in support of the false Koreans. With all of that in mind, the
DPRK proposes a three-pronged plan to strengthen security of (1) strict and invasive security checks before
boarding any plane, (2) increased number of security officers onboard of airliners, and (3) educating the masses to
be aware of suspicious factors around them. Imposing these measures will cease the threat that airlines have recently
faced. Passing legislation with these factors in mind is instrumental in helping to stop the threat of security in
countries less advanced than ourselves. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea would like to encourage others
to build on previous security legislation and be as strict and safe with airports as we have been. We also encourage
the use of our systems as an example. Once the rest of the world is able to cooperate on policy, lives for citizens
across the globe will improve.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The rapidly changing climate is something we cannot deny or ignore for any longer. The amount of carbon dioxide
in our atmosphere has increased rapidly since the year 1950. The rise in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has had
several adverse effects on many things crucial to us as humans. Crops have been impacted, as well as accessibility to
water. Climate change also brought along a drastic alteration in weather patterns, causing severe weather that
damages property and takes the lives of thousands or even millions of people. The threat of rising sea levels will
cause nations with large coastal areas acres upon acres of land and displace even more people from their homes. All
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of this is certainly not helped by the rapidly increasing population, which has gone from three million in 1960 to
roughly seven and a half billion today. More people and less resources available for them are two factors that cannot
coexist. As desperation for resources would increase, violence and instability both socially and politically will
become far more prevalent. Climate change, if allowed to continue and worsen, will damage the world both socially
and economically. This situation is something we must prevent from ever happening. If we fail to react justly to the
immense threat to all of us that climate change is, countless lives will be ended or changed for the worse, and global
security will become a fever dream of the past.
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is and has been absolutely committed to reversing the impacts of
climate change. The DPRK signed on to the Paris Climate Agreement, something the evil Americans withdrew their
support from. The DPRK was also one of the original members of the North-East Asian Subregional Programme for
Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) at its inception. Deforestation is considered a serious crime in the DPRK,
and all who illegally destroy plant life are dealt with adequate severity. Through NEASPEC, we have worked to find
solutions and establish universal policies on environmental issues in Asia through collaborations with other
countries such as China and Russia. On top of this, our own Ministry of Land and Environment Protection
distributed over 90 million saplings for planting across the nation, increasing the number of trees available to
consume carbon dioxide, as well as the allure of our country. Strict regulations we have imposed on deforestation
have also secured plentiful food sources for our people and ensured lasting security, as all of our people enjoy
plentiful resources from the environment. These policies and actions have clearly limited the amount of pollution
and chaos in the DPRK, making Pyongyang the least polluted and most beautiful city in all of Asia. However, even
with this, large amounts of pollution from western aggressors such as the United States as well as from the corrupted
imperialists known as the Japanese has still found its way to our country to damage its natural all encompassing
beauty. These countries even have the audacity to blame us through their lying media that we hurt the environment,
ignoring the fact that they do much more and way worse. The DPRK looks to set an example to other less developed
countries on how to handle the environment, and encourages others to help secure the world's future as a secure and
beautiful place.
Finding a solution to quickly end climate change and help those affected is a top priority to the Democratic People’s
Republic of Korea. Through previous actions, the DPRK has certainly demonstrated its desire to help itself as well
as others in securing the globe environmentally. The DPRK proposes a three-pronged plan to solve the massive
issue that is climate change and global security, being to (1) educate the masses on the true threat of climate change
and who is causing it through a legitimate media source, (2) prosecute those who endanger and damage the
environment to the fullest extent possible, and (3) provide funds to countries encouraging the use of cleaner sources
of energy. The DPRK recommends not only national but international advertising and fact campaigns for raising
awareness on climate change, as well as prosecution to the fullest extent of anywhere from 25 years to death to those
who damage the environment. The DPRK would look to NGOs such as the Climate Action Network (CAN) as well
as the World Resources Institute (WRI) for funding and assistance towards helping the environment. The DPRK has
become a role model for other Asian nations looking to find solutions to help stop global climate change and the
problems that accompany it. While duly keeping the sovereignty of nations in mind, the delegation from the
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea looks forward to collaborating with others on a solution to solve this
worsening problem as quickly and as thoroughly as possible.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
41
Delegation from: Norway
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly
The issues before the General Assembly include: Improving Cooperation in Airline
Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Norway is committed to
expand participation in aviation safety guidelines and environmental guidelines. Norway hopes
to collaborate with other nations to resolve these issues.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policy
Air travel is projected to double in the next 20 years. With 43,983 airports worldwide and 5,000
aircrafts in the sky at a given time, air travel is among the most popular modes of travel. Safety
in airports and planes, however, remains an international dynamic issue. After the emergence of
commercial aviation in the 1920s, aircraft, crew, and passengers became attractive targets for
terrorists, including the first ‘recorded’ hijacking in Arequipa, Peru, in 1931. On September 11,
2001, four airplanes in the United States hijacked by al-Qaeda terrorists resulted in 2,996
casualties. Since then, there have been significant improvements in airline security, such as the
passing of the Aviation and Transportation act by the US Congress and the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) established by the United Nations to manage guidelines of
aviation. Still, these guidelines have not been entirely effective. On October 31, 2015, a suicide
bombing on Metrojet Flight 9268 from Egypt to Saint Petersburg resulted in 224 casualties.
A Norwegian survey reported that 40% of those responding planned four international holidays a
year. Adding business travel, Norway was the point of departure for 8.8 million trips in 2015.
Within the first six months of this year, Oslo airport reported 12 million passengers and airlines
reported full flights. Despite this traffic, no terror acts on planes have occurred on flights arriving
or departing from Oslo airport. Norway abides by the International Economic and Social Council
(ICAO), established by the United Nations and has effective implementation about the global
average of 61%. Norway has done a remarkable job implementing airline safety policies.
Norway is a dependable source to help find a solution to airline safety policy problems.
Terrorists target aviation because airlines are a national symbol. Oslo’s recent expansion places a
target on its back and the delegation of Norway suggests increasing the number of armed police
in airports. On November 9, 2017, the amount of armed police at Oslo airport drastically
increased. The National Police Directorate was asked to be armed and the Ministry of Justice and
Public Security agreed to temporary armament applied for three months at Oslo airport. This was
a necessary precaution to evade and limit potential terror attacks. Norway also suggests investing
in a thorough vetting of airline employees. This past year alone TSA failed to identify airport
employees with links to terrorism. These checks would minimize the risk of terrorist infiltrating
employees. Terrorists also look for low-tech ways to attack softer targets which is why Norway
also would suggest investing in improved technology for surveillance to assist in detecting
threats. Norway also calls for the successful implementation of ICAO guidelines as well as
suggested practices, which will improve the level of security and safety within airports Through
this process Norway hopes to see the number of these attacks on airports diminish and the level
of security and safety increase internationally.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
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42
Climate change impacts every country and the consequences are deadly. Agriculture is
decreasing, glaciers are shrinking, the weather is becoming more extreme and oceans are
increasing in temperature, size, and acidity. Due to the unpredictable weather patterns, climate
change brings, essential food sources are suffering. Demand for crops exceeds supply which
leads to instability, terror, and famine. The effects of climate change are evident in the Syrian
Civil War. The Syrian drought (which was the worst drought recorded in history) spanned from
2006 to 2011. The overwhelming heat and lack of agriculture caused many families to migrate to
cities. This migration added to social tension already created by the influx of refugees from the
war in Iraq. This drought increased conflict and tension. Poverty increased alongside poverty.
The impact of climate change is evident for those living in tropical regions where rising tide
levels threaten the homes of millions. Climate change creates instability and precautions must be
taken to slow down these drastic effects.
With the seventh largest coastline in the world of 25,148 km (15,626 miles) climate change is a
dominant issue of concern in Norway. The Norwegian Environment Agency, the focal point of
the National IPCC is an active organization focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
manage Norwegian nature and reduce pollution. On January 11, 2017, the Norwegian
Government decided to increase the voluntary contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC). The Norwegian Government has in the National budget for proposed an
anticipated range of 850000-900000 CHF allocated to the IPCC Trust Fund for 2018. Norway
offers grants alongside other Europeans for research involving biodiversity and ecosystem
services, reduction of hazardous substances, environmental monitoring and integrated planning
and control and integrated marine and inland water management. The Norwegian Environment
Agency, with about 700 employees, is the largest agency under the Ministry of Climate and
Environment. On June 20, 2016, Norway ratified and signed the Paris Agreement. Norway’s
target which aligned with the European Union’s target is to reduce GHG emissions by at least
40% below 1990 levels in 2030.
To effectively address this crisis Norway urges countries to implement strict guidelines to reduce
their carbon footprint. The government also advises countries to invest in their Environmental
protection agency and comply with the Paris Agreement create rich and varied wetlands, an
unpolluted environment, living seas and coasts and a stable climate and strengthened
adaptability. Norway would like to see the international community work together to control the
high-risk conflict
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
43
Delegation from: Pakistan
Represented by: St. Edward’s Highschool
The topics put forth to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and
International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety
Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Islamic Republic of
Pakistan is committed to the eradication of terrorism to ensure national safety and
security.
Position Paper to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and
International Security (GA1 DISEC)
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The skies, boundless yet breathtaking suffocate from the effects of ongoing, fanatic
extremism and ignorant thinking. Expressing its sympathy to all member states, the delegation of
Paksitan acknowledges that terrorism is a current, oppressing issue for the entire world.
Throughout Eastern Asia, belligerence and fostered aviation related attacks directed towards the
country of Pakistan has persisted and prolonged the path to peace and safety. Attacks, such as the
2014 Karachi Airport Attack and the 2016 Pathankot attack serve as testaments to this
continuous, existent conflict with this region, and terrorist activity has continuously acted as a
threat to intentional aviation safety. However, despite these unfortunate events, the delegation of
Pakistan has increased open communication, collaboration, and aviation safety policies between
member states, as seen within the €7.5 million-dollar, European Union funded, E.U.-South Asia
APP (Aviation Partnership Project). With the continuous, strong financial support of NATO,
Pakistan has further implemented aviation related security measures, that result in safer and
secure flights. This delegation of Pakistan, although acknowledges a struggling government
structure, the country of Paksitan thrives to improve airline safety policies and measures within
the country and abroad.
Pakistan has demonstrated its commitment to the Disarmament and the International Security
Committee, through its persistent and open support for resolutions and organizations, like the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) that promulgate economically and security
efficient, aviation related policies. Within resolution like, resolution 2341, the delegation of
Paksitan reaffirms its unyielding support to solve this issue.
The Delegation of Pakistan, in acknowledgement of the introduction of the United Nation’s
Charter, believes in a county’s own right to self-defense. However, the delegation of Pakistan
will condemn member states and the Disarmament and International Security if enacted
resolutions are founded on pre-conceived notions of hate against the country. If peace,
international open communication, and safety is aspired for, the committee must address the
current terrorism issues and aviation related attacks within Afghanistan and the brutal and
oppressive Indian-occupation of Jammu and Kashmir, whose people only wish for sovereignty.
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44
The country of Pakistan asks member states to consider assisting the country in its battle against
terrorism, from terrorist organizations like the Taliban to further achieve international safety. The
delegation of Pakistan looks favorable upon resolutions that promote collaboration and open-
dialogue member states and aviation related polices.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Climate change is a current, oppressive global issue that leads to both political and economic
instability throughout the world. The Delegation of Pakistan expresses its condolences for those
that have experienced disasters from Pakistan to Mexico. As a country who has experienced
extreme instability, due to floods, low agricultural production has permeated throughout the
country. This in turn leads to displaced persons and further stimulates economic inflation and
political disputation. Rising sea levels of the Indus River has further increased soil erosion and
the salinity of rivers in Pakistan, which has created an inhospitable environment for aquatic
organisms and led to current political governance issues. On September 13, in Dadu Pakistan, an
estimate of 17,000 Pakistanis also lost their home due to flooding. The people of Pakistan
understand these effects, in that floods and irrigation problems will continuously damage our
world and displace millions. In Pakistani’s most robust, economic, and metropolitan city,
Karachi, the city encountered a heat wave that killed an estimate of12,000 persons and increased
economic deficits. Reaffirming the United Nations simulation, the Delegation of Pakistan, with
the support of Tauseef Alam, a chief meteorologist, conclude that if another 9.0-magnitude
earthquake strikes in the Makran Trench, besides Iran and the Gulf of Oman, security conflict
between neighboring states would arise. These issues that have occurred throughout Pakistani0
regions and abroad, indicate and presage that effects of climate change need to be addressed.
The Delegation of Pakistan, throughout history, has continuously supported and
advocated for resolutions that promote endeavors that seek to combat climate change and
its effects, for example, the Kyoto Protocol. As an active member in the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change, the delegation of Pakistan believes that
countries must take responsibility for their actions, in relation to greenhouse gas
emissions. Members states, too, must work together to strengthen the global response
against climate change, as seen in the country’s open adoption of the Paris Agreement at
the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties. As expressed in Pakistan’s 2002
National Climate Change Policy, the delegation of Pakistan comprehends and prioritizes
these threats.
Through the implementation of immediate disaster-relief protocols, with the
collaboration of member and non-member states, the delegation of Pakistan urges
organizations such as Doctors without Borders in relations with the World Health
Organization to establish a relief body to administer humanitarian and medical aid within
affected areas. If member states and the Disarmament and International Security looks
favorably upon to pass a resolution, Pakistan urges all nations to focus on practical
actions in addressing this issue. With efficient collaboration between member states and
the immediate establishment of disaster relief protocols, the effects of climate change on
the national security will diminish.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
45
Delegation from: Paraguay
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International
Security
The issues before the General Assembly of the United Nations, First Committee, Disarmament and
International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The
Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Paraguay is dedicated to work on resolving issues
regarding airline safety and the issue of climate change through effective discussions.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Airline safety is imperative to the world and should be an issue regarding everybody. As many people
take to the skies, the amount of terrorist attacks, drug-trafficking, and fire-arm related activity increase.
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) specializes in airline safety. The ICAO also
ensures that 100,000 flights can operate safety each day. Many UN organizations help combat terrorism
and ensure safety. Airline safety should be an issue that effects many people, not only in Paraguay.
As more and more people turn to airplanes for transportation, more problems arise regarding drugs and
firearms. From these drug related issues, the Paraguayan government has confiscated more than 700
metric tons of marijuana in 2017 alone. As these illegal substances arrive into Paraguay, only 1 percent of
it stays within the country while the rest goes to the black market. According to officials in Paraguay, the
largest Paraguay-based aerial drug trafficking scheme was operated by Brazil’s largest criminal groups,
the First Capital Command. Not only is marijuana a problem, but half a metric tons of cocaine was found
in an airport in Amambay Department, a department in Paraguay. Many Paraguayans believe that a weak
control over the airline flight leads to drug trafficking. Many others further presume that the ascending
amount of organized criminal group that are located in Paraguay are occupied in airports. In addition to
drug trafficking, Amnesty International has called for Paraguay to tightly control the presence of gun-
related activity in Paraguay. In many South American countries, drug-related crimes have drastically
increased by Brazilian criminal groups. Paraguay and other Latin American countries like Colombia,
Peru, and Brazil have also experienced more incidents of aircrafts due to budget cuts. Due to the
increasing amount of drug trafficking and firearms, financial problems, and increase in criminal activity,
Paraguay has and will continue to endorse the increase regulation of both narcotics and firearms on
airlines.
To combat these problems, many governmentally funded groups have tried to create solutions to help
ensure safety of airline passengers. Some airports, like that in the town of Pedro Juan Caballero, have
become epicenters for organized crime. Organizations like DINAC consistently monitor airports in
countries like Paraguay to fight unlawful acts but have not succeeded. As such, the amount of airport-
related crime needs to be reduced in order to ensure the safety of passengers and civilians. In addition to
DINAC, Paraguay hopes that groups, such as IOSA and Egmont, will help supply necessary financial aid
to airports. This financial aid would ensure heightened security as well as improved surveillance in low-
budgeted airports. In addition to narcotics, several Brazilian crime organizations have perpetuated many
problems concerning gang violence. Paraguay proposes to closely monitor and eliminate most, if not all,
of the illegal criminal groups in the country by teaming up with Brazil and other countries to create
beneficial initiatives. Doing so would ultimately lessen crime, especially that caused by drug-trafficking
in global airports. Solving the root of the problem would prevent other issues from appearing. Regarding
the issue of financial support, Paraguay proposes to ally with other Latin American countries to provide
aid to low funded airports. Hopefully, with the support of other Latin/South American countries and the
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46
UN, the problems regarding airline safety will be resolved with a tighter control over narcotics, firearms,
and crime groups.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The impact of climate change is immensely related to international and regional issues. Through droughts
and floods, many agricultural based economy countries fail to return to a stable state. Over the past
century, the global population has quadrupled. With this drastic increase in people, there is a higher risk
of famine, terror, political instability, human displacement, and interstate war. The issue of climate
change creates instability and requires immediate care to resolve.
This issue of climate change is not only an issue of Paraguay, but an issue of the globe. The effects of
climate change are taking an enormous toll on Paraguay’s economy, as Paraguay is a landlocked country
in South America. The Paraguay River divides the country into two very different environmental regions.
Due to the average increase of 4.2 degrees Celsius, the Paraguayan government has lost 14.3 billion to
80.2 billion dollars. It is estimated that the agricultural based economy of Paraguay will lose 2% of its
gross domestic product annually by the end of the century. The Paraguayan economy is very dependent of
livestock and agricultural products as 16.5% of the economy depends on agriculture, 7.8% of economy
depends on the cultivation of cattle, and 2.7% depends on forestry. 80% of farmers in Paraguay are
property holders of less that 20 hectares without the capacity for adaption to climate change. In Paraguay,
50% of the national exports are soybeans and cotton. In addition to cotton and soybeans, other agricultural
products like corn, tobacco, vegetables, and fruits are exports of Paraguay. Although there is an economic
downside to climate change, the overwhelming increase in temperature also introduces the risk of flood in
Paraguay. This could lead to deaths of many civilians in Paraguay as well as other Latin American
countries and could take a massive dent in the economy with the damage that a flood would cost. With an
agriculture and environmental economy, Paraguay is highly affected by climate change.
The government of Paraguay recognizes the importance of the protections of the environment. In
response to climate change, Paraguay has submitted a new climate action plan to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), like many other countries in the region. The
communication lays out a policy for the government to follow in response to climate change. It has also
developed a strategy to adapt to the climate change and adaptation options for the agricultural sector. The
Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) has also comes in advance as a new climate change
agreement. The government of Paraguay has also ratified the Convention Marco of the United Nation for
Climate Change, the United Nations Convention of Biological Diversity, the Montreal Protocol, and
many other International agreements to help deal with climate change. In addition to these International
agreements, Paraguay is also participating in the second phase of the Program of Training for the Climate
Change project implemented by the United Nations. The Program of Training for the Climate Change
Project (CC: TRAIN) is a program that helps developing countries follow the UNFCCC. It is vital to
Paraguay and other Latin American countries that immediate action is taken to solve the issue of climate
change. We hope that NGOs like the WWF endorse Paraguay to fight the issue of climate change. In
addition to that, we hope to educate the minds of young Paraguayans about climate change to eventually
make a difference in the future lives of Paraguay.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
47
Delegation from: the Republic of Korea
Represented by: Solon
Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee: Disarmament and International Security
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The
Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Republic of Korea (ROK) foresees an increasingly substantial
probability of international conflict due to loose and inadequate regulation of: aerial activity susceptible to
initiate/receive threats to public safety, and activity which have an appreciable adverse impact on the fight against
climate change.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
There is a great risk of international security through current airline safety policies because of; a growing
rate of undisclosed military testing, a growing rate of terrorism, and a growing rate of disease transmission. The
causes of these risks have historically been countries inability to prioritize global security over domestic progress.
Improper air travel guidelines are allowed to save time and money. The Republic of Korea has always strongly
advocated for putting efforts into maintaining global stability before focusing on comparatively inessential and
exclusive socioeconomic desires-especially when the two conflict. With that said, South Korea emphasizes the need
for a general consensus engaging in the prioritization of binding guidelines in any sector deemed unstable, and
containing such an unreasonable risk as to find itself reprehensible of a rupture in international security. The ROK
firmly believes that focusing on the well-being of all parties and people involved rather than the individual
advancement of a country's domestic societies (which are often valued higher than all foreign societies-birthing a
superiority effect where domestic improvement is encouraged despite the problems it may cause for the rest of the
world) is not only a characteristic that should be expected from citizens to nations; but it’s the only path that leads to
peace.
South Korea clearly understands the difficulty in reducing undisclosed military testing globally. As South
Korea is the prime victim of the North Korean often undisclosed and globally unregulated military. Korea urges
modification of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 4th initiative in its fundamental objectives; in
order to maintain an effective plan in avoiding conflicts through accidental interference with rogue undisclosed
military testing. This initiative has specifically came up short in the Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)
approaches. ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang Liu is well aware of the flaws in the system. After noting to her
executive audience that the air transport growth trend is a double in both air traffic flights and passenger volumes
every 15 years; she continues, “Sector growth cannot be permitted to negatively impact our key strategic
performance targets, and existing levels of aviation safety, efficiency, and environmental protection must continue to
improve, even as we expand”. Liu emphasizes the source of noncooperation within the ATFM system is the
preferential treatment of individual growth before international security. Therefore Korea stands behind the words of
Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, Kevin Shum, when he encourages the attending
governments “to build momentum and work towards introducing a global harmonized ATFM system states”.
Importantly, Korea sees the necessity of internationally binding protocol with collateral. As many nations will
continue to prioritize their economic advancement. ICAO also holds a critical role in the fight against terrorism.
ICAO’s current cautious approach against the technical and legal issues of criminal attacks against civil aviation is
negligent when regarding the fight on terror. It failed to approach the nature and scope of international terrorism.
This is largely seen in the incidents derived from the manipulation of obvious loopholes to the security network,
which is the main factor in an increase in stringent control standards. It should not take a major incident in order to
get preventative measures placed. This caused the international environment to be occupied with organizations that
can only be reactive, rather than proactive. The initial cause of this environment is that ICAO’s global standards are
minimal requirements hoping nations with higher threats will apply stiffer measures. However, many higher-risk
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48
nations refuse to initiate stiffer measures in the defense of a high-speed and low-inconvenience travel. Korea firmly
believes in the implementation of stricter individual standards to be enforced on insecure nations. An additional risk
posed is the growth of disease transmission which leads to a significant opportunity for global epidemics; a direct
threat to both national and international security. South Korea recently experienced its own outbreak from May 2015
to June. The MERS virus infected 186 people with a death toll of 36(WHO). Clearly, the risks global of security
from these epidemics are incredibly present. In order to prevent this, the nations must receive adequate support in
any case an event occurs. A global support for the Collaborative Agreement for the Prevention and Management of
Public Health Events in Civil Aviation (CAPSCA) would provide the individual support needed in handling all
epidemics. The main reasons for a country’s refusal to join are: needed coordination of its state department, limited
human resources, limited financial support, and not considering CAPSCA a priority at this stage. In order to achieve
standardization across the world, Korea emphasizes each country values the immense international risk of security
in not becoming a member; and overcome or request support for issues impeding participation.
Through internationally binding protocols with collateral, accidents with undisclosed military activity can
be avoided. If stricter individual measures are applied by the ICAO, terrorism will heavily reduce. If each country
values the risk of not becoming a member, CAPSCA standardization will occur; causing increased stability in
epidemics. In general, Korea anticipates an increase of air travel confidence and an increase of global stability.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Another huge threat to global security is the prioritization of individual sector growth before the adoption
of positive environmental habits; causing more common and more dangerous disasters inspiring national and
international crisis. Historically the risk is clear, Foreign Minister Cho Tae-Yul emphasizes, “Last year, we saw
millions of people in the world devastated by another extreme flood in Thailand, coastal instability due to rising sea
levels in Tuvalu, severe droughts in Asia, and the worst cold snap in a quarter of a century in European countries…
the risks posed by the impacts of climate change...are real and have reached an intolerable level”. After already
clearly indicating the multitude of immense calamities caused by climate change, Cho Tae-Yul continues as he
highlights the major threat; “All these climate-induced risks, act as a ‘threat multiplier,’ exacerbating the social and
economic crisis in states and regions that are already fragile and prone to conflict”. These regions are also those
who would suffer the most from going green. Korea urges other well established nations to aid them in the fight for
higher global security from positive environmental habits. Additionally, Korea pushes for the active presence of
binding procedure in the fight against climate change.
As one of the earliest entities to endorse the Paris Climate Agreement, Korea fully supports protocol in any
matter deemed necessary for international security. Although one of the largest proponents in the fight against
climate change-South Korea’s longtime ally, The People’s Republic of China, and her closest ally, the United States
of America, stand as the world’s 1st and 2nd largest producers of greenhouse gases respectively. Additionally, the
Republic of Korea stands as the 9th largest producer. South Korea acknowledges the severity of the issue; despite
the country not being included with those who were required to start a carbon-tax, she adopted a carbon-tax policy
anyway-designed to reduce BAU carbon production by 30%.(It’s clear that the new policy will be burdensome
among the Korean companies which tend to be highly dependent on manufacturing, often incorporating an
extremely high production of carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, The Republic of Korea was not only willing to make
this sacrifice, but jumped at the opportunity and encouraged others to as well.
Critically, the nations who suffer the greatest threat of socioeconomic crisis due to poor environmental
habits are the same who refuse to adopt new environmental habits. These nations must prioritize the safety of both
domestic and foreign civilians, over the growth of individual sectors. In doing so, an increased level of global
stability will immerse; causing a stronger global economy and global cooperation needed to elevate third world
countries.
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49
Delegation from: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Represented by: Beachwood High School
Position Paper for General Assembly First Committee, Disarmament and International Security
The issues brought to the United Nations General Assembly First Committee include Improving Cooperation in
Airline Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia would
like to collaborate with other nations represented in the General Assembly’s First Committee to try and achieve
reasonable solutions to the aforementioned topics, while maintaining the sovereign right of each nation to manage
affairs in its own legitimate domain.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
With the advent of aerial technology and the increasing congestion of global airspace, many new risks are posed to
global welfare and international relations. Since the United Nations was created, ensuring globally safe air travel
was one of its main goals. The United Nations has released multiple resolutions on the subject of airline safety,
notably Resolution 2309 (2016) and Resolution 2341 (2017), which encourage world governments to unite and
cooperate on this issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), long-distance air travel can have many
adverse effects on the traveler’s health and well-being. Diseases such as ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are serious global health concerns and
have seen an increase in abundance throughout the last few years. The amazing ease with which air travel allows for
the international spread of infectious diseases is an important problem for the entire world to address. Recent
undeclared missile tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea violate International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations, which ask for all governments to announce such tests, create the chilling
possibility of the endangerment of civilian aircraft. The recent frequency of aerial terrorism and aerial terror strikes
pose a great risk to the security of air travel. There is a vital importance for the nations of the world to share all
information regarding plane departures in order to help combat the threat of terrorism. This is an issue that most
definitely requires the cooperation of all countries, in order to establish a more secure, peaceful, and healthy world.
The large amount of air traffic over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia incentivizes us to ensure compliance with
international guidelines. Our membership in the (ICAO) strengthens our convictions regarding the importance of
airline security internationally. The Saudi government believes strongly in anti-terrorism and has even taken steps to
quench terrorism where it is harboured and nurtured, by jointly blockading the State of Qatar. The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia recognizes the clear risk of a nation so close to home embracing militant groups such as the Muslim
Brotherhood, al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Saudi Arabia has also asked other nations to
join us in our efforts in the past, leading to five more nations cutting diplomatic ties with such a dangerous entity.
Earlier this year, a ballistic missile was intercepted over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s capital, Riyadh. It was by
an incredible stroke of luck that the missile did not hit any civilian aircraft. Following this event, the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia’s conviction that the dangerous threat of unannounced missile tests—or attacks, should be tempered by
a global sharing of information on irregularities in airspace. The deadly disease MERS-CoV, first identified in Saudi
Arabia, has a 60% mortality rate. This is a serious public health issue and its potential spread by air travel worries
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
The delegation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia asks the General Assembly to respect each nation’s sovereignty
in their own airline safety policies while recognizing the need for all nations to come together to crush the danger of
terrorism. As per United Nations Resolution 2309, the right of any State to hold sovereignty over its airspace and its
political independence is reaffirmed. Each State is expected to act within the ICAO to establish and strengthen
international airspace guidelines while maintaining sovereignty over their own airspace guidelines. The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia requests from each nation a formal embargo and a complete end to any diplomatic ties to the State of
Qatar to further this end and to promote aerial safety. The nations of the world must come together and show a
complete renunciation of any and all ties and connections to terrorism or the threat it poses to international airline
security in order to promote a more secure and peaceful world. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia also asks that the
world’s nations share all information on airspaces in order to help missiles or other possible abnormalities in
airspace in order to help intercept such dangers before civilian air travel can be affected. Finally, the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia would like to see an increased awareness in the risk of spreading infectious diseases by air among the
general public of the world, to help create a healthier environment globally.
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II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
With climate change already progressing, it is critical that it is addressed on a global level, as it affects many
instances of global and international security. With the gradual rise in sea levels, important port cities that facilitate
international trade will be flooded, along with the many settlements built around them. According to the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), 2.3 billion people have been affected by flooding from 1995
to 2015, and flooding has accounted for 47% of all meteorological disasters since 1995. In the time between 2005 to
2014, the number of people affected by flooding increased almost four-fold compared to the previous decade.
Natural disasters such as hurricanes and other storms will be strengthened, causing great economic and human
damage. Storms are the deadliest meteorological disaster, killing more than two-hundred thousand people in about
twenty years. Climate change further increases floods and storms and causes serious security issues for much of the
world’s population. Changing climate patterns disruptive to agriculture, such as droughts and increasingly
unpredictable precipitation, will become more frequent. Earlier this year a 51℃ heatwave hit northern India, causing
more than 1,400 fatalities. These patterns also contribute seriously to sociopolitical problems, such as the Syrian
Civil War. This will create a serious imbalance in much of the world’s economy. Action has been taken in the past
to combat both climate change and its disastrous effects, the most notable of which is the Paris Agreement.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plans to uphold the Paris Agreement on climate change by reducing the carbon
footprint of its oil companies. The delegation of Saudi Arabia realizes that in 2013 alone, Saudi Arabia emitted
18.08 metric tons of CO2 per capita, and that the contribution CO2 emissions offer to the Greenhouse Effect lead to
many of the devastating effects of climate change. However, the delegation also acknowledges that complete
decarbonization by 2050 is not realistic. For this reason, Saudi Arabia has been researching ways to integrate
renewable energy with fossil fuels and research possible ways to reduce the harmful impact of carbon emissions by
reinserting them into the ground. Recalling the flash floods from two years ago and the tragic casualties that
followed, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia supports and affirms the importance of taking preventive action against
natural disasters caused by climate change in order to increase global security and to avoid the tragic consequences
as much as possible.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia respects national sovereignty and asks that each country be allowed to establish its
own contingency protocol on the basis of climate, geography, and population distribution. The delegation of Saudi
Arabia recognizes that the nature of such contingencies is highly dependent upon many other factors and realizes
that it would be impractical and unrealistic for the United Nations to attempt to install a blanket program for all
countries. On the other hand, as per international disasters spurred by climate change, such as the Syrian Civil War
and its ensuing refugee crisis, the delegation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia asks for strengthening of refugee
commitments on a national level. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes that each nation has different economic,
social, and political situations that may affect their ability to properly aid the refugees, and insists that a blanket
solution will only worsen the situation by forcing refugees into countries unable to support them to an acceptable
level. Only if national sovereignty is respected and each nation is allowed to decide for itself the best possible
solution will the horrid effects of climate change be best avoided.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
51
Delegation from: Spain
Represented by: St. Vincent-St. Mary High School
Position paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International
Security (GA1 DISEC)
The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and international
Security are: Improving cooperation in airline safeties and the impact of climate change on
global security. Spain is devoted and dedicated in improving the cooperation of airline safeties
and fixing the impact of climate change on global security.Spain is devoted and dedicated in
improving the cooperation of airline safeties and fixing the impact of climate change on global
security.
I. Improving cooperation in airline safety policies
Airline safety Has been at risk for many years and affects everyone in the world. The first plane
was invented on December 17, 1903, that was exactly 114 years ago. Since then there has been
modifications and improvements but there is always room for more. The majority of the
population travels by air at some point in their life and that is why it is so important to ensure
airline safety. The main things that poses a threat to airline safety are terrorist attacks,
unannounced military tests and global epidemics. The most urgent issue that needs to be
combatted by all means is terrorist attacks on aviation. Terrorist attacks on aviation have been
around for many decades but has barely shown any improvements or differences, this needs to
change. For something so life threatening , a plan needs to be formulated that tackles this issue.
The nation of spain stands strongly in support of combatting this issue and reducing these risks.
Spain is devoted on coming up with a plan that suffices both underdeveloped and developed
nations.
Spain, along with other members of the European Union have actively been working on
improving the cooperation of their airline safety. The EU has been working in conjunction with
ICAO to improve safety with technology and regulations. Spain is also apart of the “2015
aviation strategy” which prepares the EU aviation system for the challenges of the future. Spain
has also made it their duty to ensure they are up to date with their policies and ready for any type
of threat. The EU is sometimes the target of terrorism so spain does everything in its power to
prevent a disaster from happening. Spain also has programs in place that if an attack occurs they
can monitor it and combat it as soon as possible. Spain continuously takes precautions and
because of that there has been an reduction in the number of attacks that happen.
Spain recognizes that every country suffers from terrorist attacks and epidemics. The delegation
of spain believes that we need to formulate a plan that has short term and long term effects and
goals. Spain has formulated a plan “serts” that will suffice everyone's needs. “Serts” will
primarily focus on Education, Technology and improvement on existing laws. This plan will
ensure safety for both undeveloped and developed nations. It will aid the less developed nations
with the technology and funding they need to ensure security on their aviation. This plan will
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also aid developed nations by making sure they continue to improve and utilize all their
resources.
II. The impact of climate change on Global Security
Climate change is a pressing issue that affects everyone worldwide. It should not be taken lightly
or pushed aside, it needs to be everyone's main focus. Climate change actively poses as a threat
towards Global security for various reasons. One of them being that climate change affects our
basic necessities such as water, food and shelter. Global Warming, natural disasters, rising sea
levels and etc. causes food and water scarcity. When this occurs it further results in migration
due to the lack of resources. This then further results into a crisis of refugees and if there are
enough resources to suffice everyone. Migration causes overpopulation which then leads to
limited water, political instability and much more. Climate change has a major effect on the
economy. We need to all come together to come up with solutions to ensure Global security.
Spain is in full support of reducing climate change and ensuring Global Security.
Spain has been working continuously to slow the progress of climate change. Spain is a signatory
along with 195 countries on the Paris Climate Agreement. Spain is also apart of the kyoto
protocol and has been working on reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. Even though spain has
been suffering from an economic crisis it still continues to work towards a future with cleaner
energy. Spain has created a lot of policies that tackle this issue such as “The Spanish Strategy of
Climate Change and Clean Energy” which was put into place in 2007 and is expected to run until
2020. The aim of this policy is to reduce greenhouse gases, promote research, educate the
Spanish population, reduce energy consumption, and encourage the development of clean
energies. Spain has done much more to try and slow down the progress of climate change.
What countries fail to realize is we have little control over climate change. The only thing we
can do is slow down the process. Climate change affects everyone as a whole but in different
ways. There are a lot of plans in place right now but spain believes we need to improve these
plans and do more. Spain proposes all countries focus on the educational aspect of this all. The
delegation of spain believes people need to understand the climate and why it is changing and
how they personally affect it . Spain believes we need to primarily focus on reducing greenhouse
gases . Spain has formulated a plan that not only has short term goals but also long term. This
plan covers everything and has a solution for any occurrence that might take place. An important
part of this plan is that it is ongoing and always improving.This plan benefits both developed and
undeveloped nations and ensures global security. This plan will also ensure that each country has
economic growth. We all need to work together to slow down the progress of climate change.
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53
Delegation from: Kingdom of Rwanda (Sweden)
Represented by: Westlake High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies;
and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Sweden is devoted to impo
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies.
The Kingdom of Sweden highly supports consolidating and coordinating international policies
and safety practices relating to air transportation safety. As a member of the European Union
and the EASA, Sweden seeks to unify European laws and regulations to fit the needs of all
members. Sweden believes that the same can be done for the entire world.
Sweden has been at the forefront of tracking airplane incidents and has shown incredibly
transparency in its efforts. Sweden cannot be alone in this data collection. Other nations must
do the same in order to find weak points on which to cooperate on.
Sweden supports all international actors who seek to improve cooperation in airline safety,
including the European Union and International Civil Aviation Organization. Through these
efforts, passengers, the airlines themselves, and nations will all benefit.
Sweden considers it to be a joint responsibility of the global aviation community to support
States that have difficulties or are unable to establish sustainable safety oversight systems.
Sweden is engaged in a number of technical assistance and cooperation initiatives aimed at
promoting aviation safety globally and regionally in conjunction with the EU.
Sweden seeks to establish agreements with major aeronautical nations around the world, with
bilateral agreements entered into the United States of America, Canada and Brazil in conjunction
with the EU.
If these improvements in cooperation are not implemented, Sweden fears that its citizens may be
harmed in unsafe airlines, or put into dangerous situations.
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II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Sweden believes that climate change poses a security risk to every country. For
developed nations like Sweden, it poses a risk in the form of climate refugees who will increase
in number as an extreme climate causes crops to fail and political instability to rise.
Sweden strongly supports accepting these refugees in; however, Sweden recognizes there is an
inherent risk in letting many people in at once. In addition, Sweden’s infrastructure is incapable
of supporting refugees in great numbers that may come from climate change. Therefore, Sweden
asks that these refugees be split and sent to other developed nations if Sweden finds that it has
reached its limit of refugees to accept. The UN High Commission for Refugees will have to
work in conjunction with the General Assembly to help with such an issue.
Sweden also fears flooding of low-lying areas around Northern Europe and the Baltic. These
disasters may cost billions and take away homes and livelihoods. The increasingly unstable
situation in nations around this area due to extremist right-wing politics will only compound if
this flooding occurs. Climate change must be faced head-on to ensure that the situation does not
get out of hand.
Sweden urges nations to join the Paris Agreement such that this type of crisis can be mollified
and potentially averted. If climate change is not averted, then all nations will face its
repercussions.
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Delegation from: The Kingdom of Thailand
Represented by: Solon High School
Position Paper for the United Nations Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC)
The issues placed before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are Improving
Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Regarding
airline safety policies, the Kingdom of Thailand has taken action to improve the quality of the safety of its
airlines, efforts which has been recognized the International Civil Aviation Organization. The Kingdom
of Thailand is, additionally, gravely concerned about the impact of climate change and notes that it has
taken domestic strides to reduce climate change with hopes for the global expansion of this movement.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Since the dawn of aviation, concerns over the safety of flying thousands of miles in the air have been
justifiably evident. As an increasingly globally aware population accelerates its interaction with areas
around the world, the demand for fast, easy, and most importantly, safe air travel has dramatically grown.
Civil aviation is projected to play an increasingly crucial role in the economic and social developments of
Thailand as both regional and international tourism is estimated to expand in the future along with the
value of Thailand as a global supply chain distributor. Thus, Thailand is thoroughly invested in the
evolution of its airlines and looks to deepen its relationship with the international aviation community.
The Kingdom of Thailand became a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in
1947 and holds great pride in hosting the ICAO Asia and Pacific Office in Bangkok since 1955. Thailand
is also currently home to thirty-eight airports with six of them managing major international flights.
However, Thailand does recognize that in January of 2015, it was marked with a Significant Safety
Concern (SSC) over Aircraft Operation which stated that Air Operator Certificates must be reissued under
stricter guidelines. Since then, Thailand has taken action by first separating the Department of Civil
Aviation into the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) and the Department of Airports (DOA).
CAAT has resolved to partake in the AOC certification program by preparing new regulations for
international aircraft operators, employ highly knowledgeable staff and collaborate with experts from
foreign organizations to evaluate the reissuing of the AOC certifications. Thailand has also resolved to
improve its safety policies under the ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) and will
observe the continuing developments of the ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP).
Thailand strongly believes that the future of civil aviation must be grounded in the form of comprehensive
international collaboration and the formation of lasting relationships. This will be achieved with countries
redesigning their safety procedure around the general forum of ICAO. However, Thailand wishes to
express its focus on airline pilots themselves as they are the most crucial component of a safe flight both
domestically and internationally. This would include the instruction, regulation and maintenance of highly
skilled and globally aware pilots in all nations. Thus, Thailand proposes that the Disarmament and
International Security Committee expands its discussion on Airline Safety Policies in ICAO with a focus
on the instruction of airline pilots.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, climate change has been a prevalent obstacle of an
otherwise guiltless path of human evolution. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
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Change (IPCC), Southeast Asia is one of the two most vulnerable regions in the world to effects of
climate change. The Kingdom of Thailand, with a projected population of more than 1,000,000 by 2028,
is particularly vulnerable to extreme precipitation. Especially since the majority of Thailand are rural
farmers, with the country leading the global production of rice. Thailand has been heavily affected by
deforestation, air pollution, droughts, floods, tsunamis and deficient water resource management. Thus,
the Kingdom of Thailand recognizes that the prognosis of further Thai national development must be
alongside the environmental conservation movement.
Domestically, the Kingdom of Thailand has generated the majority of its energy with natural gas, as
opposed to coal and oil, starting as early as the 1980s. In 2005, 72% of Thailand’s electrical energy was
powered by natural gas. In 2012, the government of Thailand initiated its Climate Change Master Plan of
2012 to 2050 with general goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sustainably developing low
carbon growth of the economy. However, Thailand has also contributed beyond domestic borders,
becoming a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in
1995 and becoming a signatory of the UNFCCC in 2000. This required Thailand to report its inventory of
greenhouse gases between 2000 to 2004 to the organization, stated in its Second National Communication
under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. In 2015, Thailand
submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC, pledging a 20-30
percent reduction of natural gases by 2030. The INDC also outlined plans to promote road-to-rail shift for
both freight and passenger transport, initiate a vehicle tax scheme based on CO2 emission, create
sustainable waste management, promote power generation from waste-to-energy technologies and is
studying the potential to reduce carbon emission in the forest sector through the REDD+ Readiness.
Thailand evidently takes its environmental conservatism efforts very seriously and is looking to expand
support globally.
Thailand recognizes that the future of the world must be sustainable; as humankind progresses, so should
humanity’s care of its home. As the Kingdom of Thailand is well aware of the environmental effects of
climate change within its borders, it looks to a global agreement between countries in order to collectively
take action in order to initiate global change. This must first happen domestically in individual countries
in which Thailand suggests the development of a clear plan to achieve both short and long term goals as
exhibited in Thailand’s INDC with a focus on vehicle regulation. Short term goals would include raising
sufficient funds in order to implement such measures such as the promotion of car to train transport and a
vehicle tax based on CO2 emissions. Long term goals would be to reduce global greenhouse emissions
through the establishment of low-carbon growth. Additionally, within the United Nations, the Kingdom
of Thailand strongly recommends that all countries adapt the Paris agreement of 2015 with a culture of
accountability in the terms outlined in the agreement: prevent global temperatures from rising 2°C and the
providence of assistance to developing countries.
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Delegation from: Uganda
Represented by: St. Edward's High School
The issues put forth to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and
International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and
The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Uganda firmly believes in the cooperation to
address the global war on terrorism and the effects of climate change.
Position Paper to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and International
Security (GA1 DISEC)
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
Flight has been one of the greatest accomplishments in human history. Distances that
used to take days, weeks or even months to traverse can now be traveled in mere hours.
However, a dangerous menace lurks in our skies. This, of course, is terrorism. In 2014, the
United States of America warned Uganda of a specific threat to one of its airports. Although
Uganda has dealt with and is currently dealing with terrorism. The Lord’s Resistance Army has
plagued the north, destroying villages, and killing children. We must stop them from possibly
hijacking an airplane and crashing it, ala 9/11. In 2010, a suicide bomber killed 70 people, and
injured four more.
Uganda has showed its continuous support to address these issues. This is further seen in
the history of the country of Uganda, as the country has successfully passed not one, but two
anti-terrorism bills. These are the Anti-Terrorism act in 2002 and the Terrorist act of 2003. From
these bills, Uganda further shows its support for tougher punishments. Uganda, throughout
history has sought to bring harsher punishments about terrorism, as noted in its support for
current United Nations Resolutions against terrorism. The country of Uganda, as seen in these
openly supported bills believes that we take a tougher stance regarding terrorism.
Uganda fully believes in doing whatever it takes to stop terrorism. In fact, in
collaboration with member states, the United Nations should take more steps to punish terrorists,
including capital punishment. Many countries, such as Saudi Arabia, do not agree with punishing
terrorists as harshly. Many member states believe this, and further enlist and fund terrorists to
achieve their nefarious goals. These member states should be held responsible for their actions
within the United Nations. It is imperative to stop these evil countries. However, with the
cooperation of the global community, Uganda believes that we can collaborate with member to
halt terrorism and stops its negative effects on the world.
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I. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
It is impossible to overstate the effects of climate change. It has destroyed lives, and
dampens the quality of life of countless others. It is possibly the greatest threat that humanity has
ever faced. In trying times such as these, it is imperative that the United Nations band together to
stop this. Uganda’s climate is extremely susceptible to flooding and drought. While this may
seem like an environmental crisis, this is also an economic crisis. Flooding and drought
contribute to the current economic and political issues. This is because when an environment
becomes inhospitable, migrants flood the surrounding areas, and bring hard economic times to
the surrounding areas. Hard economic times bring about crime. This leads to increased murder
rates and gang violence within the country. Climate change has also annihilated many of the
coffee farms within Uganda and around the world. This shows that climate change does not
merely have a geographic effect but also an economic effect. This is even more reason that the
United Nations must ban together to stop climate change.
Uganda has supported resolutions and endeavors to subdue this issue. This is seen both
within the country’s own policies, including its development of a national strategy that educates
the general population about the effects of climate change. This policy will help provide
guidance and support while helping the country adapt to the changes that are coming to our
rapidly changing ecosystem. From this knowledge, Uganda has shown its support for climate
change.
Uganda can’t solve this alone. It will take a global effort to stop carbon dioxide emissions
and the persistent effects of climate change on global security. Cooperation between member
states is essential, as all countries must band together to stop what may be the greatest threat that
humanity has ever faced. Furthermore, Uganda also believes in the promotion of education.
Educating the public will further support positive endeavors that seek to diminish this current
issue. As member states realize how their respected country individually effects climate change,
respected country can further work to solve these issues. Uganda is confident that member states
will agree with the country of Uganda and join the fight about climate change. The only people
who don’t with climate change legislation, are those who aren’t educated about it. Once the
public is educated, they will support climate change. This will lead to more economic growth,
and less crime. This, outside of supporting the planet, is a huge reason to support climate change
legislation. Ecological legislation will also be a lead a rapid economic growth, as this is often
overlooked. This is one of the main reasons why Uganda urges all member states to fight this
threat and current issue. Economic, ecological and education focused legislation will bring about
economic prosperity and a cleaner, safer, and secure earth.
Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017
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Delegation from: Ukraine
Represented by: Orange High School
Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee
The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies;
and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Ukraine is dedicated to the continued
improvement of security for all nations and to the safety of their citizens. The Ukraine expresses
its profound hope that the sovereign states of the United Nations can work together to achieve an
agreement that is mutually beneficial for the security of all parties.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
As a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization and having experienced a
relatively recent aviation tragedy, Ukraine is highly supportive of the drive to create
comprehensive and coherent standards for airline safety. To this end, Ukraine supports increased
airport security and regulation of military activity in civilian airspace. Furthermore, Ukraine
recognizes the role that airlines have played as vectors for disease and approves of efforts to
ensure that passengers do not spread disease across the world.
Ukraine has had several unique and notable events occur in its recent history with regards to the
safety and security of aviation. Perhaps most significant was the downing of Malaysian Airlines
Flight 17 by a Russian Nationalist Terrorist Group operating near the Ukraine-Russia border.
This tragedy resulted in the deaths of all 15 crew members and 283 passengers. Additionally,
Ukraine has experienced recent conflict with Russian Nationalist Groups who have sought to
usurp control of Ukrainian airports near the Ukraine-Russian Border. Due to the aforementioned
issues, Ukraine is an adamant proponent of ensuring that similar tragedies do not occur in the
Ukraine or in its allied states, and that the security of airports is of paramount importance.
Ukraine is also aware of the possible threat posed by the transmission of diseases via air traffic.
While Ukraine has been less affected than certain other countries by the spread of tropical
diseases due to its remote location and dispersed population, the Delegation of Ukraine
empathizes with the victims of recent disease outbreaks and will do everything in its power to
help stop the spread of these illnesses.
Because of recent events in Ukraine and around the world, the Delegation of Ukraine will seek to
improve airline security with more thorough passenger checking, strengthening the existing
ICAO regulations, and by acting against extremist groups across the world. More specifically,
Ukraine hopes to halt the ability of terrorist groups to pose a threat to aircraft through reducing
and someday halting illegal arms trafficking with the cooperation of United Nations member
states and the Security Council. Furthermore, the Delegation of Ukraine looks to work with
major airlines to develop a plan so that major flight paths can avoid border regions experiencing
conflicts with minimal expense to the airlines or average passengers. Regarding the transmission
of disease, Ukraine seeks to halt the spread of disease while maintaining the rights of world
travelers to their health, safety, and comfort. Ukraine expresses its belief that the sovereign
states of the United Nations can and will come together to solve these issues.
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II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security
The Delegation of Ukraine recognizes the extremely important role that climate change has
played in the evolving global security concerns of the twenty-first century. The potential threats
of increasing temperature, droughts, and rising seas, have many nations rightfully concerned.
Such issues could have a huge effect on the world’s political and economic well being, as well
as, most importantly, representing a significant threat to countless millions of people across the
globe. This threat could result in a huge amount of refugees fleeing from unfavorable conditions
and disasters related to dramatic climate change. It is important that the United Nation develop a
plan of action for dealing with these consequences to ensure that the world’s nations are able to
act unified to deal with the situation and minimize damage to property and human life.
Ukraine is geographically and economically well situated for global warming. Being a very
northern country with a large agricultural industry, Ukraine stands to benefit from the increased
temperature and longer growing season which would result from global warming. Despite this,
Ukraine hopes to be very active in the search for solutions to global climate change and risk it
poses to hot, arid nations and low lying countries.
In order deal with global climate change, the most immediate and obvious challenge is to slow
the process of global warming. The Paris Climate Accord dealt with many of those issues most
prominent problems, but with the recent withdrawal of the United State, a nation that is a huge
producer of carbon emissions, it is clear that the current arrangement must be revised if not
redesigned. To this end, the Delegation of Ukraine supports a more effective environmental
organization within the United Nations which would be agreeable to the needs of its member
states. Such an organization could be designed in such a way that it could offer incentives and
alternative methods of energy or industry to nations with the largest carbon footprints without
infringing upon their rights. Furthermore, the United Nations must be able to solve the potential
issue of millions of refugees from countries affected by climate change. Today’s situation with
Syrian refugees offers several examples of how international policies and individual nations have
proved to be woefully unprepared to deal with a large influx of refugees. The Delegation of
Ukraine hopes to create a coherent plan for dealing with large amounts of refugees in the
upcoming decades which would contain suggestions for how each country should accept and vet
these immigrants and successfully integrate them in a way that creates economic well-being and
growth for both refugees and nations alike.
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UK – GA1-WRA
Position paper on topic A: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policy:
With the rapid betterment of the aviation industry regarding quality and cost-effectiveness of
air travelling, airplanes have gradually become the most preferred choice for people when it comes to
travelling long distances. Subsequently, as the number of aircrafts occupying the sky daily sky-rocketed,
it is significant to ensure the safety and integrity of these vehicles, as well as millions of people travelling
inside them, bearing in mind that any unfortunate incidents happening to these aircrafts could possibly
result in tragic consequences, in terms of economic, infrastructure and humanitarian. Additionally, it is
also of great importance to remember that air-travelling disasters can occur at any given time, any
locations and under any circumstances. For instance, the recent suicide bombing in two airports in
Brussels, Belgium on the morning of 22nd March, 2016 have left 32 civilians deaths and 300 hundred
others injured. Bombing incidents also took place in the United States and Turkey, which resulted in
serious civilian casualties. Other factors also hold potential for catastrophe, which can be exemplified by
the series of undisclosed missiles test of North Korea, or the shoot-down Malaysian Airline flight MH-17
over Ukraine on 17th July, 2014. Not only these disastrous incidents left people with great loss, pain and
terror, they also create the feeling of discomfort and unsafety within passengers when opting airplanes
as their means of transportation. Furthermore, on a more political scale, the airline accidents are
indicative of the inability of authorities and officials responsible of this issue to fulfill their missions,
which can appear advantageous to terrorist groups and fuel their forth coming attempts. Therefore,
answers to the questions regarding international aviation security is being pressingly demanded.
Recognizing the potential harm towards the global security and the well-being of people of air
accidents, governments and organizations worldwide have taken steps to ensuring the safety of air
travel. Most conspicuously, the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by
the United Nations in 1944, has been of significant support in maintaining airline safety. ICAO is an
international organization that is constituted of 192 member states, which goal is managing and
regulating the Convention of International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) signed on 7th
December 1944. In cooperation with 192 signatories and other aviation groups, the ICAO has adopted
the Standards and Recommended Practices, under Article 37 of the Convention of International Civil
Aviation, with a view to attaining the highest possible conformity in standards and procedures regarding
aircrafts, personnel airways and auxiliary services, bearing in mind that the achievement of the
aforementioned qualities will allow easier, more effective and safe air travelling. Utilized by national and
private airliners, the SARPs so far has proven its effectiveness in maintaining airline safety, ensuring the
integrity of over 100000 flights every day. Additionally, apart from working to form a reach the
uniformity between its member states on the SARPs, the ICAO also serves as a coordinate assistant to
states regarding the improvement of their capacity and ability in air navigation, developing multilfaceted
strategies in achieving safety and ease in aviation, overseeing the observation of measurements and
procedural rules of states, as well as conducting audits of state’s abilities to supervising abilities in the
safety and security aspects of air travelling.
The tremendous number of passengers taken to the sky daily has made civil aviation one of the
most preferred targets for terrorists to commit their acts of crime. Recent incidents such as but not
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limited to the suicide bombing in airports in Belgium and Turkey, a shoot-down of the Malaysian airline
flight MH-17 over the sky of Ukraine, a Russian plane get bombed over Sinai and an aircraft bombed in
Somalia has indicated the equal level of risk of terrorism that passengers face when opting for air
travelling. Recognizing the enormous threat that terrorism poses towards civil aviation, the international
community has gone to great lengths in developing and consolidating joint preventative measurements.
The provision in chapter 8, Annex 13)of the ICAO required the establishment of mandatory occurrence
(or incidence) reporting system (MORs) to allow more effortless gathering and analysis on actual or
potential threats to civil aviation. In addition to the MORs, ICAO further required national and private
the implementation of safety management system (SMS) from airliners worldwide, which will enable
highly effective collection, recording of data, as well as timely and accurate actions and feedbacks
generation of operational hindrance. In July 2017, the Counter-Terrorism Committee, a sub-committee
of the Security Council hosted a special meeting that allow discussions on the problem of terrorism
threatening the safety of international aviation. With the participations of numerous member states, the
meeting aimed at achieving the betterment of current safety precautions “such as explosive detection
and new cargo rules, as well as new challenges, such as cybercrime and ‘porous airport perimeters’.”
The Security Council has also made considerable contribution to the international effort of
maintaining the safety of civil aviation. Resolution S/RES/2309 passed on 22nd December 2016 aimed at
preventing potential terrorist incidents at airports, urged the governments to develop and apply
effective measurements of safety such as but not limited to: reinforcing security screening procedures
and bring into use technological devices in the detection of explosives and other threats. Resolution
S/RES/2341, issued on 13rd February 2017 concerned about the betterment, as well as the protection
and integrity of critical infrastructural facilities in dealing with terrorist threats towards international civil
aviation. The aspects of intelligence must also be taken under advisements for its significance in
ensuring air-line safety. Jean-Paul Laborde, Executive Director of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee
Executive Directorate voiced his concerns over the vitality of able countries to gather and share
“advance passenger information (API) to detect the departure from, entry into, or transit through their
territories of individuals on the Al-Qaida sanctions list.” Nonetheless, the complexity of such tasks has
only been overcome by 57 countries, which indicates a considerable challenge of this approach towards
terrorist threats to civil aviation.
As one of the members included in the Council of the ICAO, as well as one of the 11 States of
chief importance in air transport of the Council, the United Kingdom realizes its responsibilities in
actively and enthusiastically contributing to the international effort of ensuring safety of civil aviation. In
1972, the UK established the Civil Aviation Authority, a statutory, public cooperation tasked with the
supervision and regulations of all aspects related to civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Specializing in
the regulation of aviation, CAA works to guarantee the adherence and execution of standards of
aviation, the well-being and benefits of passengers, the effectiveness in air space usage, the
environmental issues, and most importantly, the management and prevention of the risks facing the
aviation industry. The organization is responsible for regulating airports and airlines to ensure their
compliance and observation to international standards, and take actions against failure to adhere to
such rules and regulations. The UK has also adapted the Mandatory Occurrence Reporting System and
strongly encourage its citizen to contributes any incidents that might pose potential threats to the
aircrafts, the occupants or any other person… (Exceeded Page Limit)
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Delegation from: Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Represented by: Saint Joseph Academy
Committee: General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security
(GA1 DISEC)
Presented to the General Assembly are the issues of how to Improve Cooperation in Airline
Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Socialist Republic of
Vietnam is willing and eager to work with other countries in order to find a way to address these
issues and find effective solutions.
I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam joined the United Nations in 1945 and joined the International
Civil Aviation Organization in the year 1980. They have been an active part of the UN and the
ICAO for many years and feel that airline safety is an important issue. The Socialist Republic of
Vietnam has recently made big advances in airline safety and were recognized for our strides in
ICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu. Our country takes airline safety seriously
and would love to help other countries meet all eight of the standards set by the ICAO.
The International Civil Aviation Organization, is a special agency of the United Nations and they
have already have a plan in place as to what airline safety policies should be. These policies are
outlined in the 2017-2019 Global Aviation Safety Plan. This plan includes eight different areas
of safety regulations and a short term, mid-term, and long-term goals of where countries should
be. By the end of 2017, the hope that all states have at least a 60% EI (Effective Implementation)
for all eight of these policies and have mechanisms for sharing safety information. By 2022, they
hope that all states have 100% EI for the policies and mature regional monitoring and safety
management programmes. Finally, the by year 2028, they hope that all states have met all safety
policy standards.
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam has already met the majority of these standards and would
love to see other countries to meet these standards meet them as well so airline safety can be
improved throughout the globe. As a way of doing this, Vietnam calls on countries who have
already met the ICAO standards to provide funding to poorer countries that do not have the
money to implement the ICAO standards on their own. This will allow all countries to reach the
short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals set by the ICAO.
II. The Impact of Climate Change on Social Security
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam views climate change as a very serious issue and believes that
it can have a very serious impact on our society if not taken care of. The sea level in Vietnam has
rose over 20 cm in the last 50 years and the Mekong Delta in Vietnam is one of three deltas in
the world that are most prone to the water level rising. Vietnam also believes that climate change
has serious effects for social security. Due to this and many other factors, the Socialist Republic
of Vietnam is very determined to be able to combat climate change and is eager to work with
other United Nation countries to work to end climate change.
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The Socialist Republic of Vietnam plans to combat climate change in the country by doing the
following. First, Vietnam pledges to cut down on its greenhouse emission and to work
implement more low-carbon energy sources. The country also aims to provide more education on
the topic of climate change so the public knows what they can do in their life to prevent climate
change. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam also pledges improve their forests, to encourage
vegetation, and to have 45% increase of forest coverage by the year 2020. The Socialist Republic
of Vietnam hopes to be an industrial country by the year 2025 and sees finding low-carbon
energy as a step in achieving this goal.
The Socialist Republic of Vietnam signed the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016 and it was
approved by the Vietnamese government on November 3, 2016. The country has worked hard to
meet all parts of the Paris Agreement, including keeping the global temperature from rising more
than 2 degrees Celsius. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam calls up the 27 countries who have not
yet ratified the agreement to do so. This will allow all country members of the United Nations to
truly work together to stop climate change. This goal is a daunting one, but Vietnam believes that
if all countries come together, it can be done.
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65
VENEZUELA – WRA Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is committed to improve global cooperation in Airline safety and to help the world adapt to changes in climate. I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies As travel throughout the world increases on land , in the sea , and in the air travel seems to become much easier and simpler. It would take you 41 straight non stop hours to get from New york City to Los Angeles in car but in a plane you could do that in just 5 hours. Planes seem to make life much easier across the world but they are also very dangerous as seen in the United States on 9/11 they can also be used for weapons. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is working to Improve Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies recently there was however an airport shooting this was not on any planes but in the airport itself. Venezuela’s airports have not had any problems with terrorist attacks on planes or trying to hijack a plane against terrorism Venezuela does a very good job. In the airport itself there’s a different story however we are working to improve the safety in the airport. II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security Climate change is having a huge problem on global security, rising sea levels , earthquakes , hurricanes , and other natural disasters are occurring more frequently and this is because of changing climate. These disasters have had an effect on people and has displaced many persons and these people need a place to go and Venezuela is here to help taken in over 35 thousands displaced persons. Venezuela also has the second most oil in reserve so if a natural disaster were to occur in Venezuela they would be ready and able to help all that need help. This is why Venezuela is cable and ready if any disaster would occur.