lorain-winter model un conference - ccwalorain-winter model un conference 2017 position papers for:...

Lorain-Winter

Model UN Conference 2017

Position Papers for:

The General Assembly 1st Committee

Disarmament & International Security

Position Papers, General Assembly, First Committee, Lorain-Winter Conference 2017

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Delegation: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Represented By: Solon High School

Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security

The issues placed before the General Assembly are Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety

Procedures and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The nation of Afghanistan hopes to

cooperate with all delegations in order to ensure greater security in the airspace and ensure that climate

change no longer harms global security.

I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Procedures

Having signed and ratified the original Chicago Convention on Civil International Aviation and

accepting Resolutions 2309 and 2341, The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan fully stands for improving

airline safety procedures. Due to being a prime location in the center of Central Asia and the Indian

subcontinent, safety in the Afghan airspace is crucial for the transport of the thousands of flights that

travel past this region on a daily basis. The government of Afghanistan believes that cooperation in airline

safety procedures is crucial to that ensure all passengers arrive safely at their destinations, from one

corner of the world to another.

However, terrorist organizations consistently infringe on Afghanistan’s airspace safety. In 2014,

the Taliban fired two rockets aimed at the military wing of its central airport in Kabul. After this horrific

attack, the Afghan government implemented programs aimed at strengthening security at the airport. This

project aimed to improve airport security by updating the security system at the international terminal

with the installation of new X-ray machines and metal detectors. This year, the Taliban has again

attempted to fire rockets at Afghanistan’s central airport at Kabul in order to attack US Defense Secretary

James Mattis. Fortunately, these missiles landed in an open field, so no lives were harmed. The nation of

Afghanistan strongly condemns this attack, which is detrimental to its economy as commercial airlines

will as a result, limit or halt their flights to Kabul, causing loss in revenue for the Afghan government, as

well the lives of passengers which are greatly endangered.

To solve this problem, we must concentrate on limiting the ability of terrorist organizations or

even nations that create disorder in airspace, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan. The General Assembly

can request the Security Council to expand the power of the Peacekeepers to include military planes

which can probe the skies in areas of conflict to take action or for simply oversight when any danger has

been determined. Nations can then choose to accept this aid if they need it.

This will especially be helpful in nations such as Afghanistan, which are aided by other nations

such as the United States and Japan to ensure safety in their airspaces and do not have the resources to

ensure airline safety on their own.

II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security

Having signed the Paris Climate Change Accords and many other international climate change

agreements, the nation of Afghanistan is incredibly devoted to preventing climate change and limiting its

impacts. Afghanistan has firsthand experience with the detrimental effects of climate change, which is


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ruining the livelihood of farmers in the rural highlands. Rain is incredibly scarce in this region so farmers

depend on freshwater lakes near mountains for nourishing their crops. Melting ice caps in the

mountainous region, due to climate change are now giving water to farmers earlier than they need it.

Additionally, because of scarce rains in their region, these farmers have little water during their actual

harvest season. This causes water supply to become very erratic in this region due to climate change.

According to the United Nations Environmental Programme, around 80% of conflicts in

Afghanistan are food and water related; erratic weather caused by climate change is only bound to

increase this already high number.

Afghanistan has implemented various policies and plans to combat climate change such as the

National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), which was funded by the United Nations

Environment Programme. NAPA provides a process to identify activities that solves a nation’s most

immediate concerns caused by climate change. Afghanistan has also created 4 national parks in order to

protect various species native to Afghanistan from human and climate change impacts. The Islamic

Republic has also attempted to create new means of livelihood for those affected by climate change. For

example, women are being taught to produce handicrafts and the Afghan government, with aid from the

UNEP, is reforesting forest lands for grazing.

The delegation of Afghanistan believes that the solution to this grave issue must be multi-faceted.

The primary focus in solving the issue should be improving the problem of insufficient irrigation and

decline in agricultural production caused by climate change and asking for help of NGOs such as

Engineers Without Borders and other NGOs that could aid in solving the issue. Another focus of a

resolution should be on first helping those whose jobs no longer allow them to sustain themselves by offer

vocational training in other professions that are not as viable to impacts of climate change. These are

effective short term solution, however Afghanistan believes that another focus should also be on solving

the long term impacts of climate change by potentially providing subsidies to inventors to bolster

production of alternative energy resources to prevent further climate change.

The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan understands that climate change is a pressing issue with

various detrimental impacts and hopes that the General Assembly will cooperatively find a successful

solution.


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Delegation from: Albania

Represented by: Orange High School

Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International

Security (GA1 DISEC):

The issues before the United Nations General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation on

Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Albania is

devoted to the resolution of these issues in cooperation with other members of the General

Assembly.

I. Improving Cooperation on Airline Safety Policies

It is greatly important that all nations cooperate to make sure that the airways remain safe

as they grow more and more congested. As this happens, the risk of accidental collisions

between aircraft increases. For example, on 28 July 2017, the Japanese Self Defense Forces

picked up an unannounced North Korean missile test in the Sea of Japan. This missile landed 93

miles north of Okushiri Island in the Sea of Japan, this missile narrowly avoided a Air France jet

plane, which flew over the splash zone only five minutes before the missile’s impact with the

water, and was only roughly sixty miles north when the missile did impact the water. This, and

many other situation, illustrates the need for joint commercial airline safety protocol.

This topic relates to Albania due to recent bombings in airports in Turkey and Belgium.

The Albanian Government is a member of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)’s Pan-

European Partners (PANEP), a community of non-EASA countries that the EASA cooperates

with on the implementation of European Union (EU) aviation safety rules. As well, United

Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 2309 (2016) stated that “terrorist groups continue

to view civil aviation as an attractive target, with the aim of causing substantial loss of life,

economic damage and disruption to connectivity between States, and that the risk of terrorist

attacks against civil aviation may affect all regions and Member States,” highlighting the need

for counterterrorism measures in aviation.

The Delegation of Albania is committed to resolving this issue in cooperation with other

delegations of the UN GA1 DISEC by endorsing protocol of missile test and spaceflight

schedule releases prior to testing, as well as supporting and expanding existing active

counterterrorism measures in aviation. By utilizing previous tests and organizations, the United


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Nations can effectively combat terrorism in aviation. It is imperative that resources are used

accordingly and full collaboration is ensured.


Climate change is among the greatest threats to global security today. Climate Change

has been slowly gathering steam ever since the rise of the industrial revolution in the late

eighteenth century, and, if allowed to continue unchecked, could doom human civilization. Some

steps have already been taken to stop human-caused climate change, such as the promotion of

“green” energies such as biofuel, solar power, hydroelectric power, and wind power. Another

great step that has been taken is the signing of the Paris Climate Accord, on 22 April 2016. As of

today, the only non-participating nations are the Vatican City, and the United States, which

withdrew on June 1, 2017. However, many American states and businesspeople have pledged to

try to meet the Paris Climate Accords.

Climate change affects the nation of Albania in that Albania, assuming significant

climate change, will lose much of its coastline, and the fact that the Albanian agriculture industry

will suffer greatly. Albania relies on agriculture for a large sector of its economy, and thus it

recognizes how imperative it is to ensure that climate change be tackled head on. Albania has

addressed this by being a member of the Paris Climate Accords, and acknowledges that climate

change will have negative effects on the world.

The Delegation of Albania believes that to solve this issue, steps must be taken to do

several things. Firstly, The Delegation of Albania calls for reaffirming commitment to the Paris

Climate Accords. Second, a review of the pledges by member countries is considered highly

advisable. Finally, steps should be taken to create an improved version of the Paris Climate

Accord, as many negative effects will still be felt even if the current Paris Climate Accord is

fully executed.


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Delegation from: Argentine Republic

Represented By: Saint Joseph Academy

Position Paper for the General Assembly, Disarmament and International Security

The issues presented before the First Committee are: Improving Cooperation in

International Airline Safety Policies to ensure safe international airspace and the Impact of

Climate Change on Global Security. Argentina supports increased airline security to keep the

peace from war, but is concerned on how the peacekeeping is taking place. It hopes for the

support of other countries to keep the world safe from terrorism. Argentina also supports policies

to lessen the effects of Climate Change on Global Security so the world can be safer and cleaner

through humans.

I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

There is a need for improvement in cooperation in airline safety regulations to stop the

recent terrorist and bomb attacks that are going through airports. With new issues brought up

through terrorism, it is seen that airports are where incidents happen the most and having policies

where all nations cooperate would strengthen the effectiveness to keep airlines safe. This

increased global problem needs to be solved, but there has been peacekeepers not well-regulated

and infringing on nations to start conflicts.

Argentina hopes to cooperate with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO),

like they have in the past, to help support a safer airline experience for all nations. Argentina

emphasizes that the principles for the United Nations peacekeeping was very clear to keep

national security, but recently they were contravened to create war. It is important to keep the

airlines secure, but the peacekeeping should be regulated more and not give unconventional

threats while keeping the peace in airlines. Argentina hopes that the United Nations and ICAO

will uphold their policies with better regulations on keeping peace between nations and not

waging wars through their programs.

Argentina supports airline safety policies and the cooperation of nations to fix the

situations, but there must be more of a regulated way to enforce the policies without having other

agendas at hand. The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) should take

to reach a proper agenda focused on multi partisan collaboration with compatible objectives.

International laws should be respected while keeping the peace in the airlines with the keepers

trained in the case of a violent situation. This is to keep the objectives clear and effective through

the regulated mandates for keeping airlines safe. This is through the policies implemented which

will lead to more cooperation from nations when the peacekeepers do not wage war, only

security.


Global security in the past has been about stopping a physical enemy, but now, including

the enemy, it is about working for the common good of all nations to protect against the harmful

effects of climate change. This enemy is not easily seen like other threats on global security.

Climate change is a direct threat to human civilization and as contributors this leads to global

security catastrophes: food shortages, floods, and droughts. Argentina has been affected by

climate change just like other nations has been and hopes to work against the ongoing battle of

climate change in our world so that global security is held firm.


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The Argentine Republic recognizes the need to lessen the affects of climate change and

will use large economic changes to bring about a better outcome for their environment. Because

Argentina's location, the effects of climate change are seen often in Argentina. Over the past

decades, the temperature has rose drastically throughout the country and led to longer heat

waves. Floods also came from the east and that impacts socio-economic living and is harder to

produce much food. This leads to the global food supply lessening and Argentina not being able

to export as much. Argentina proudly supports the policies set out by the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and submitted its Intended Nationally

Determined Contribution (INDC) to help make policies to end climate change by any means and

recognize that it is a man made problem.

Argentina believes that the best way to solve this on growing situation is to start locally

and make policies to stop greenhouse emission through transportation, clean energy, and other

measures to stop floods and other climate change effects that plague the world. The Argentine

Republic urges other delegations to join together and cooperate to end future issues from climate

change. This can be done through policies supporting clean energy, nuclear power plants, and

more innovative ways to stop the human carbon footprint. Argentina knows that there needs to

be more regulating and enforcement from each delegation to truly impact the environment

positively. This can be from NGOs and federal changes to not worry just on the economics of the

delegation at hand, but the social and long term affects that lessening the co2 emissions will

cause. Argentina hopes all delegations will follow suit of the policies put in place for

transportation and clean energy and even more based on the problems each delegation might

have.


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Delegate from: Republic of Azerbaijan

Represented by: Saint Joseph Academy

Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee

The issues before the First Committee (DISEC) of the General Assembly are Improving

Cooperation in Airline Safety and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The

Republic of Azerbaijan is committed to protecting its people, cooperating with nations that

propose resolutions stabilizing airline safety policies, and maintaining global stability in the

wake of climate change’s impacts on the world.

I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

The Republic of Azerbaijan believes that there should be greater cooperation between nations in

regards to airline safety policies due to the increase in incidents recently. Azerbaijan does believe

its nationals should control its airlines, but the government is willing to come to a consensus with

other nations regarding their airline safety policies. However, the government is making steady

but slow progress in adopting the various categories of the International Civil Aviation

Organization’s (ICAO) Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme. Some work needs to be

done to reach the global average in the path of this implementation, but Azerbaijan is willing to

comply.

Azerbaijan is also committed to strengthening airport security in the wake of global tragedies

occurring in airports and on aircraft themselves. The Republic is also willing to address these

issues at meetings of the United Nations (UN) and is willing to cooperate with other nations,

especially those of the West, in coordinating policy and protecting Azerbaijani citizens while

they travel domestically and internationally. Azerbaijan is strongly against terrorism and is

accepting of any anti-terrorist measures that are proposed, discussed, and implemented through

the UN. Terrorism is not tolerated, and any measures to stop terrorist operations will be taken by

the Azerbaijani government. In situations where Azerbaijani citizens could be taken hostage on

civilian aircraft, the Republic asks that all member-nations of the UN aid in their recovery, and

Azerbaijan is determined to reciprocate.

Unannounced military tests, such as those of North Korea, are of much concern to Azerbaijan in

regards to airline safety policies and beyond. Azerbaijan does not posses any capability of

producing and using nuclear weapons, so defending its citizens and its airlines against these

attacks is proven to be difficult. The Republic seeks the guidance of the UN in regards to the

course of action to take against Russia-, China-, and North Korea-backed belligerents, like

Armenia, who potentially possess the power to wreak havoc on the nation.


Climate change is an issue that all countries are affected by in this day in age. Regardless of their

official positions on it, climate change affects diplomacy and democracy. With the exponential

growth of the global population of the last century comes greater responsibilities of governments.

Governments are held more accountable for their people than ever. Azerbaijan is determined to

protect its citizens by acknowledging the effects of climate change on the country.


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Rising sea levels in the Caspian Sea threaten Azerbaijan’s coast, infrastructure, coastal tourism,

and towns. Since Azerbaijan is on the southern end of the Caspian Mountains, runoff could lead

to devastating landslides and other natural disasters. Countless species are facing extermination,

and natural resources are being plundered because of the conflict with Armenia. Azerbaijan will

not support any agreement that does not acknowledge the lack of cooperation between states and

their people in an effort to cheat their people out of the benefits of using natural resources

responsibly. Azerbaijan will support agreements that secure its sovereignty in the ongoing

conflict and agreements that stipulate that natural resources will be used properly in the face of

climate change.

However, as other people flee the effects of climate change, which include famine, water

conflict, terror, political instability, human displacement, natural disasters, and interstate war,

Azerbaijan is willing to welcome refugees but is not able to accept all because of its own crisis of

internally displaced people and refugees from regional conflicts. The developing Republic is too

small to handle large-scale humanitarian crises and is unable to financially handle any internal

crises as well. As its own population increases, Azerbaijan is willing to comply with agreements,

including the Paris Agreement, to satiate the population’s need for natural resources, such as

energy, while keeping in mind the effects major changes could have because of climate change.

Prior to the signature and agreement to the Paris Climate Agreement of 2016, Azerbaijan has

also determined its contribution in aiding the efforts to slow the effects of climate change in its

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). By 2030, the Republic of Azerbaijan

targets 35% reduction in the level of greenhouse gas emissions as compared to 1990 as its

contribution to the global climate change efforts. However, Azerbaijan’s greatest part of its

economy is oil. With greater climate change accords comes a movement against oil, thereby

decreasing its demand and price in the markets. While Azerbaijan does respect movements to

slow the effects of climate change, the Republic does stipulate that its main product is being

neglected and could start an economic crisis in the country, and that is why the Azerbaijani

delegation is unwilling to support agreements that limit the sale or production of oil.


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Delegation from: The Kingdom of Bahrain

Represented by: Beachwood High School

Position Paper for The General Assembly, First Committee

The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies;

and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Bahrain is fully devoted

to improving the safety of all persons in who engage in aerial travel who are at the risk of

terrorism and is excited to cooperate with other countries to improve systems limiting climate

change.


Airline security is an international issue and an important topic to much of the world considering

the ever-increasing popularity of air travel. According to the International Air Transport

Association, over one hundred thousand flights, about two and a half million passengers, and one

hundred and forty thousand tonnes of cargo are transported by air daily, and the industry is still

growing. However, with its growth comes the price of terrorism. After the bombing of New York

on September eleventh, 2001, and several other events such as ones in Belgium, Turkey, the

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and Ukraine, security in airports has increased. As such,

it is important to implement new policies to ensure that aviation continues to be a safe, efficient

method of travel.

The Kingdom of Bahrain is a relatively small country with only one major airport; it has

consequently experienced little airline terrorism in the past. However, having undergone other

forms of terrorism, the Kingdom of Bahrain’s Ministry of Transportation and

Telecommunication has already passed several laws and regulations regarding the incredibly

serious topic of airline safety. These include the Civil Aviation Law, the Ministerial Law No. 25

for the year 2016, the Just Culture Policy, the Aviation Safety Policy, and the Civil Aviation

Policy, which generally provide the framework for which authorities are responsible for

regulating air travel, as well as regulations for the safety and security of all those who may

engage in aerial travel. The Kingdom of Bahrain is strictly against terrorism in all forms and

supports maximum safety in all aspects of traveling; doing so would promote travel and

corresponding international education about culture and diversity.

The Kingdom of Bahrain has recently experienced deadly terrorism and would therefore like to

dedicate the utmost effort into the safety of airline travel for the protection of those traveling as

well as those working with any airlines. Having stopped several attempts at terrorism, and

experienced still more being carried out, the Kingdom of Bahrain understands the threat and

danger of terrorism. Given that Bahrain’s federal government is relatively wealthy, its delegation

promotes governmental funding and advocates for global allocation of money from similarly

affluent countries. Additional resources such as NGOs should be devoted to curbing the growth

of terrorism in all forms and stomping out terror organizations that already exist. Ultimately, all

countries, when working together, have the capability of stopping airline terrorism.



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Climate change causes varied and widespread problems that can directly contribute to security

issues on any scale. Problems such as drought, changing precipitation patterns, or rising sea

levels can deprive a nation of its natural resources or cause other potentially dangerous situation.

Awareness of this is increasingly important as the global population grows rapidly. Situations

like water conflict, terror, and human displacement become increasingly probable and severe.

Up to one hundred eighty-seven million people are projected to be displaced due to climate

change by 2100. Moreover, if climate change persists, GDP per capita could drop by as much as

twenty-three percent. These as well as other economic, political, and environmental concerns all

contribute to why climate change is a threat to global peace and security.

Climate change is a globally faced challenge that affects us all. All countries must do their part to

reduce greenhouse gas emissions and otherwise stop climate change. However, as a densely

populated archipelago of low elevated islands, the Kingdom of Bahrain is particularly vulnerable

to rising sea levels, and cannot afford any space that this may cost. Additionally, the already high

summer temperatures and population density of the Kingdom of Bahrain make climate change an

even larger issue. Appropriately, the Kingdom of Bahrain takes the topic of climate change

incredibly seriously, as evidenced by the actions of His Royal Highness Crown Prince Salman

bin Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference. As such,

the Kingdom of Bahrain has passed several measures on the topic. These include the Kingdom of

Bahrain Energy Efficiency Programme, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) Energy

Conservation Policy, The Energy Efficient Lighting Initiative, Civil Aviation Authority -

Emission Management Plan for Sustainable Aviation Growth, BAPCO Carbon Recovery Plan,

and the Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company (GPIC) Carbon Recovery Project. Additionally,

the Kingdom of Bahrain has constructed wind turbines, adapted the Motor Vehicle Standards,

taken up the Tatweer Petroleum efficiency projects (which are efforts into more energy

efficiency), and has even created a unit for sustainable energy under the Minister of Energy.

Rising water levels are one problem which the Kingdom of Bahrain is particularly sensitive to.

More land becomes uninhabitable as water levels rise due to climate change. As land becomes

uninhabitable, more refugees are created, increasing tensions between countries regarding

resources. Unusual weather patterns can further damage the infrastructures of countries,

encouraging conflict between countries. The Kingdom of Bahrain would like to recommend a

global communication system on greenhouse gas emissions and other relevant topics in an effort

to stop or hinder climate change and its effects by increasing accountability. It is crucial to not

only continue, but to increase funding to stop current, and prevent future, climate change.

Collaboration to avert further climate change by the reinforcement of previous actions and the

creation of new ones should ensue immediately by all parties. For instance, measures should be

taken to improve global education on the subject. Climate change directly affects all nations and

should be appropriately treated as the menace it truly is.


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Delegation from: Bangladesh

Represented by: Cleveland Heights High School

Position Paper for the General Assembly

Within the First Committee of the General Assembly, The Disarmament and International

Security (DISEC) committee (DISEC), is the deals with issues regarding disarmament and

international security matters that prove to be either global challenges and/or threats to peace

that affect the international community. Henceforth, it is the job of this committee to work in a

structured and thorough manner to solve these issues brought before it and to work closely with

one another through close cooperation, general debate, thematic discussions, and most

importantly, action on drafts.


The General Assembly (GA) was established under Chapter IV of the United Nations

Charter. The Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) has had a long

history of considering the issues relating to all things international security and disarmament

efforts whether that be the use of conventional arms or the full adoption of nuclear and other

mass destruction weapons. With that said, it seems in order that the issue regarding

cooperation in airline safety policies would be next on the agenda for this committee. It is of the

utmost importance that a clear solution is reached so that all member states may be closely

aligned on the goals of safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable and environmentally

responsible civil aviation.

In the past, this committee has worked closely with the International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO), a United Nations established agency under the Economic and Social

Council (ECOSOC) that works with the Convention’s 191 Member States and industry groups to

reach consensus on international civil aviation Standards and Recommended Practices

(SARPs) and policies in support of a sector. It can be inferred than that this committee’s

delegations shall cooperate with the objective to reevaluate the standards set out by previous

conventions such as the Chicago Convention. Recognizing these past conventions, the

delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh wishes to follow in its footsteps along with

the already established rules and regulations of Bangladesh’s own Civil Aviation Authority.

Within the Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh Act, 2017, a strong stance on the safety and

security of air travel was outlined. It is the hope of the delegation of Bangladesh that this strong

stance on safety and security is one paralleled by other nations.

After further assessment of the situation at hand, there are several steps the

Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC) should take to reach a proper

agenda focused on multi partisan collaboration with compatible objectives. It seems appropriate

then to look back on the goals set out by the international civil aviation (SARPs) which

summarise the goals of ICAO and all of its participating member states among five key

categories: safety, efficiency, security, economically sustainability and environmental

responsibility. The delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh strongly hopes and


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encourages full attention and cooperation from all countries working within the committee to

follow these goals.


Throughout history, global security measures have always been focused on a common

and physical enemy that poses a threat to the safety of nations, its citizens, and the overall

global contentment. In the 21st century the greatest enemy is no longer easily identifiable.

Climate change, one of the most discussed topics of the century, is the greatest threat to human

civilization in the world today. As a main contributor to global catastrophe, the impact of climate

change has produced a plethora of international security challenges such as natural disasters,

displacement, and food shortages. According to the 2015 Climate Change Vulnerability Index,

Bangladesh is the most at risk country for climate change.

With a GDP of about $1,220, the economic losses in Bangladesh over the past 40 years

were at an estimated $12 billion. These enormous economic losses are of a direct correlation to

the impact of climate change through agricultural losses and infrastructure repairs due to natural

disasters. Two-thirds of the country is less than five meters above sea level, and floods

increasingly inundate homes, destroy farm production, close businesses, and shut down public

infrastructure. Witnessing this, the Bangladesh government has recently taken major steps in

the development of a strategy and action-plan to fight this growing issue. Through a

crowdsourcing campaign called the Multi Donor Trust Fund (MDTF), which is ministered by the

World Bank, this action-plan will enable Bangladesh to effectively use international assistance

for climate change, and attract substantial funding in the future.

The delegation of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh holds firm that this issue is of

great significance and should be handled accordingly. Through mutual trust and cooperation, it

is the hope of this delegation to reach a solution with other nations that not only supplies the

regions damaged by climate change with service but also provide new ways to hinder the future

progress of a changing climate and hopefully reverse the harmful effects already endured by

nations such as Bangladesh. World Bank-supported initiatives have already began the long

journey against the ever changing world climate. Appropriately then it should be the goal of this

committee to look back at these initiatives and all other actions set out by individual

governments or NGOs. By doing so, a clear agenda can be set out and agreed upon for

developing vital action against climate change.


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Delegation from: Belgium


Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security

The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving

Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Belgium is devoted to

solving these issues with an open mind and a strong hope that international collaboration will occur so that we can

effectively come up with and implement solutions that will create a better world.


Airlines can be very dangerous especially in the news lately in the United States and other places there have been

various instances of airlines not responding correctly to passengers and this is absolutely unacceptable on a national

and international level. Historically, Belgium has always advocated for safety on airlines and for airlines to promote

safe policies but this is often not the case and other nations and so Belgian hopes that this can be solved through

today's conference.

This issue does not have very much of a history because the news recently is what has brought it to the international

body’s attention. However, a body was created for it, called the United Nations’ International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) in 1944 as a specialized agency under the auspices of the Economic and Social Council to

“manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.” This body has been

essential and helping to reduce the amount of corruption among airlines in treating their passengers and therefore

Belgium believes that this can be a great way to solve this issue and create more international cooperation. Belgium

also has lots of travel, within its own country and internationally, so this issue is of the utmost importance and

Belgium’s government supports safety as much as it can, and it recognizes how international civilian aviation is

linked to other issues of global security.


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Belgium hopes that today, we can do more research into this issue of airline safety to determine which means of

policies are best to solve it and make sure that passengers stay safe.


Climate change which has become even more important recently because of emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse

gases actually affects Global Security even though at first glance he probably would think that wouldn't because it is

such an unrelated issue it is actually very related which shows the interconnectedness of all things on this Earth. Out

of all of the effects of this issue the most important political instability that it creates.

Political instability is a threat to not only Belgium but the entire world and we must solve it today political

instability is dangerous and in addition if we cannot solve climate change right now in the future there could be wars

such as a World War 3 which be extremely dangerous and other problems as well involving citizens and national

governments and international bodies. Belgium is affected by this issue because climate change affects us all and the

security that it affects is global, meaning it affects the whole globe. Belgium supports United Nations policies on

this.

Belgium strongly advocates for the promotion of interconnected efforts to solve climate change now because it is a

problem that continues to worsen and must be alleviated for the future so that everyone stays safe and global

security is not threatened.


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Delegation From: Canada

Represented by: St. Vincent-St. Mary High School

Position Paper for the General Assembly 1st Committee

The issues before the UN General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety

Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Canada is enthusiastically

awaiting the solutions that will be proposed at this committee and hopes that the General

Assembly can help contribute to improved security in our world.


Airline safety has been a very important issue and has been increasing since the events of 9/11.

The amount of people that fly every day is over 4 million and is constantly growing as more

people need to get places faster. However, as the amount of people that fly everyday goes up, so

does the number of bombings, terrorist threats, and acts of terrorism among airports, and within

the air traffic itself. Terrorism among airlines began in 1933, therefore having been around for 84

years. Security has been improving throughout the years and new technology is always being

worked on to create safer airports and airlines. Canada is always working on new ways to keep

airlines safer and realizes that a safer airline, is a better one.

Canada has been working on new ways to ensure and improve safety and has participated in

many projects to support this growing issue. Canada also is the house of the Headquarters of the

International Airline Traffic Association (IATA), which represents 117 countries and accounts

for 83% of airline traffic. Canada, in accordance with the IATA, has been working to create and

promote safety procedures on a global scale. It has increased the training of pilots, security

within and without the airplanes, newly discovered epidemics, and addressing safety measures

that are rising in our everyday technology.

Canada recognizes and believes that the need for a solution to this issue is extremely crucial to

the development of a safer world. The delegation of Canada would like to implement an

initiative that increases the amount of air traffic control facilities and also bases previous attacks

to help learn what could have been done better and what can be done to prevent future ones that

are similar. We also hope to create centers to analyze airline crashes to see what could be done to

the engineering of airplanes to make a safer flight. The delegation of Canada would also like to

keep in mind that although adding these security services will come at a high price, this will lead

to a very safe future.


The issue of climate change is one of the largest issues in the world as it affects the entire world

whether it’s the melting of Polar ice caps to melt causing rising sea levels and flooding, droughts

among middle eastern countries and Africa, or the temperature increase causing vegetation to

die, which results in the destroying homes and environments of humans and animals. Thus,

leading to migration, causing overpopulation and political instability. Canada views climate


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change as the most threatening and prevalent issue when it comes to security on both a national

and global standpoint.

The country of Canada knows that, as global temperatures continue to rise at drastic levels, so

does the frequency and severity of natural disasters that affect both Canadian communities as

well as communities all over the world. The Canadian Military has been actively involved in

relief efforts for communities that have been devastated by these natural disasters, both

domestically and abroad. These relief efforts strain Canadian Military forces, who are also

involved in UN backed stabilization and peacekeeping missions in Cyprus (UNFICYP), South

Sudan (UNMISS), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO).

Canada’s claims to its arctic territories are heavily dependent on the ability to create sustainable

communities in the region. Climate Change is having a major impact on these communities by

limiting their ability to survive. The loss of these communities would weaken and diminish

Canada’s claim to the arctic and weaken Canada’s military reach. Canada remains committed to

reducing its current emissions to thirty percent below their 2005 level, a goal the country set for

itself during the UN sponsored Paris Agreements. We strongly advocate for the world to keep

global temperatures below a two-degree Celsius increase since preindustrial times and work

towards keeping temperatures within a one-and-a-half-degree Celsius increase. The only way to

truly prevent a global security crisis caused by climate change is to limit the causes which

directly relate to the effects, of climate change and strive for a greener, more sustainable society.

We have a plan that involves present and future issues that focuses on education,

implementation, and an increased availability of more eco-friendly devices to the public. This

plan then results in the help and aid of financially unstable countries, undeveloped, and

developing countries to use much cheaper and efficient items that are better for not only their

economy, but for the world.


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Delegation from: Cuba

Represented by: Bay High School

Position Paper for the Disarmament and International Security Committee

The issues before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are: Improving

Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security.

The Cuban delegation is concerned with both the security of airlines and the imposing concerns

of climate change as both have strong ties to the economy of Cuba. We seek to reach an

understanding of both issues, in which Cuba can maintain its autonomy and still profit from

improved cooperation and security.


The Cuban delegation is aware of the issues which affect air traffic security today. Being that

Cuba exports $1.4 billion dollars and imports $6.82 billion dollars annually, the control and

security of air travel and freighting is incredibly important to the country. Additionally, as an

island, Cuba depends on air travel for not only shipping goods vital to the survival of the island,

but also for sustaining the economy.

The Cuban government centralized the airline, Cubana de Aviación, in 1920. Since then, the

government has been able to fully regulate the air travel using Cuban planes. However, many

imports and exports to and from Cuba use planes from Cuba’s trading partners. For this reason,

the international security of planes and airports is of the utmost important to the Cuban

government. The Cuban government already checks planes before departure and upon arrival, in

order to ensure the security of the flight and its cargo. This is a process which should be adopted

by countries around the world because it ensures the safety and security of cargo.

U.N. Resolution 2309 calls for the cooperation of International Civil Aviation Organization to

“continuously adapt measures to meet that ‘ever-evolving global threat’” (U.N.). Cuba supports

this resolution, as it enforces “Reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, including

sovereignty over the airspace above a State’s territory, territorial integrity and political

independence of all States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations” (U.N. 2309).

The sovereignty of individual nations is of the utmost importance to the Cuban delegation, and

the degree of sovereignty each resolution awards will be paramount to Cuba’s support of the

resolution. As an extension of Resolution 2309, the Cuban delegation would appreciate a greater

degree of international cooperation with the ICAO in order to ensure the safety and security of

flights to and from the European, Asian, Middle Eastern, and African regions. The security of

globally transported goods and air trade will always remain a priority to the government of Cuba.


Cuba is deeply concerned with the unavoidable evidence of a drastic change in climate. As the

main crops of Cuba are sugar, tobacco, and liquor, the ability to maintain growing a steady,

reliable crop is paramount to the economic security of Cuba. Therefore, the Cuban government is


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prepared to participate in whatever is necessary to globally reduce the chances of drastic changes

of climate.

As demonstrated by the signing of the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015, the Cuban government

has taken an unwavering interest in international efforts to reduce climate change. In addition to

political measures to counter climate change, Cuban farmers have made efforts to protect their

crops from the potential damaging effects of the climate. Such measures include planting drought

resistant crops and digging ponds to guarantee water supplies in times of desperation. By seeking

to impose measures which resist harm from climate change, Cuba expresses a desire to find a

solution to the ever growing threat climate change poses to the world.

Cuba supports U.N. resolution 63/281 which focuses on climate change and its possible security

implications. By reinforcing the World Summit Outcome of 2005, and the Programme of Action

for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. These resolutions not only

create awareness regarding the issue of climate change worldwide, but also provide the

beginning of a possible solution for the ever imposing issue which is climate change.


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Delegation: Democratic Republic Congo (DRC)


Position Paper for the Disarmament and International Security Council

The issues before the First Committee of the General Assembly are as follows: Improving Cooperation in Airline

Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The DRC shares its worries with many other

nations over these issues and patiently awaits the opportunity to discuss solutions.


With the development of our world come inevitable changes. Since the start of commercial air transportation in the

early twentieth century, such aviation evolved beyond its initial purposes. The late 1900s and early 2000s saw a

sharp increase in inappropriate uses for commercial airplanes. As much as the September 9th, 2001 terrorist attack

took the world by surprise, the frequency of airplane hijacking, bomb attacks, and purposeful crashes soon-after

skyrocketed. The constant threat of airplane misuses is a growing international problem that poses a serious setback

for air travel safety.

Despite the Democratic Republic of Congo’s strategic geographic location and plentiful mineral resources (annual

copper, cobalt, and petroleum exports amount to almost 5 billion USD), certain distractions prevent the effective

development of airline safety. The enormous potential of these resources is hindered by decades-long civil turmoil,

political unrest, inadequate public welfare, and economic instability are only some examples. Lacking even decent

socioeconomic standards, the DRC experienced very little development in the aviation industry. Unsurprisingly,

there is an absence of paved runways in over 85% of airports in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Take for

example the main international airport in Kinshasa, the capital. It’s is not only barely maintained, but still uses

infrastructure built by Belgians during the colonial era. Furthermore, in 1998, the same airport was the site of a

significant battle in the Second Congo War, a recent conflict that claimed a total of over 5 million Congolese lives.

These horrific realities demonstrate the difficulty of developing safe commercial aviation, let alone airline safety

policies. However, the DRC government looks forward to collaborating with other nations to improve airline safety

and possibly commercial aviation to the best of their abilities.

Improving cooperation in airline safety policies is a challenging task for it is dependent on the location or region of

concern. Inspired by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) created to serve European aviation-related

needs, the Democratic Republic of Congo calls for a coalition of sub-Saharan African regions. Halfway between the

Gulf of Guinea and Madagascar, midway between the Gulf of Aden and the Skeleton Coast, the Democratic

Republic of Congo’s strategic central location in said region makes it an ideal location to found headquarters for

such a coalition. The coalition may consist of several committees, or branches of delegates and workers from

countries in the alliance, to study, fund, and develop air transportation in the area. The success of this long-term

project would not only promote international economic business but would also provide for an African connection to

the ‘western’ world, a status that has never been truly achieved in the world’s history.


Climate change is arguably the most controversial theory of modern history. Claims and denials made by many

governments regarding the legitimacy of changing global weather patterns have gained international attention in the

past years, especially those more prone to possible effects of this situation. Despite widespread controversies,

unequivocal scientific evidence indicates worrying data that clearly establishes patterns in significant global

temperature increase (2°F in the last century), warming oceans (0.3°F in the few decades), melting glaciers, (36 mi3

loss of ice in Antarctica over the course of three years), rising sea level (8 in. in the last century), and various other

extreme environmental situations. Clearly, climate change is not a matter to take lightly nor one to shirk away from.


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With over half the population of the Democratic Republic of Congo living in rural regions, reliance on environment

is a critical factor in the daily lives of these 40 millions civilians. Fishing, agriculture, and other such climate-

dependent activities are the foundation of the survival of these people, as in many other nations of sub-Saharan

Africa and elsewhere in the world. Climate change poses a serious problem to these civilians’ reliance on nature and

hence has a toll on their security, as warming temperatures interfere with these activities. Yet civil and political

turmoil again hinders the development of environmental policies, although the DRC has adopted an organization-

based system (called the Atlas) to assess the situation and encourage investment in renewable resources. The Atlas

was developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), Netherlands Development Organization

(NDO), and the DRC’s Ministry of Water Resources and Electricity. Should this project succeed, sustainable and

renewable energy could be secured through the Democratic Republic of Congo’s impressive potential for harvesting

energy from hydroelectric dams, wind, and solar sources. The potential amount of energy that could be harvested

from this project could eventually support electricity for the entire sub-Saharan African region. Besides, DRC’s

prime location in the region renders the distribution of this energy in all directions feasible.

Though the installation of the Atlas program and the presence of several other NGOs in the Democratic Republic of

Congo is a superb start to adaptation to climate change, it is far from enough. To truly ensure security for everyone

through sustainable resources and preparation for climatic changes, certain measures must be taken - and they must

be taken in full effect by at least a significant majority of countries in order to prove effective. While some attempts

have been made to improve global security through environmental policies (for example, the recent Paris Accord of

2015), much more can be done to help the matter on a larger scale. The Democratic Republic of Congo is

developing a plan with particular emphasis at treating the causes of climate change so as to not worsen the situation.

Admittedly, consequent plans must be made to attempt (at the very least) to reduce the existing effects of climate

change. Though further assessment, amendment, and debate is necessary for this proposal, the basics are as follows:

to develop an extensive foundation for the consumption of renewable energy rather than non-renewable energy and

to form international legislation to gradually yet in a realistic approach set limits to greenhouse gas emissions.

Perhaps it is safest to leave this project in the hands of an international committee who will oversee its needs. Total

annual funding required for a year’s worth of operating this project will be calculated in absolute honesty at the

beginning of each year, and whose grand total shall be amassed through individual nations’ share in greenhouse gas

emissions and individual economic situation. In other words, at the start of every year, a committee will assess the

total funding needed for the next 12 months and collect money from countries proportionally based on individual

combinations of environmental and economic factors, although each country may choose how to fund their

individual sum. In such ways, the DRC hopes to develop an internationally-successful proposal that encourages the

use of renewable energy, provides funds to secure and maintain a cleaner environment for all, and set a high

precedent for future environmental technologies - all through a collective effort. Hopefully, these terms will allow

for the continuation of diverse cultures and traditions yet also provide a sense of respect and awareness for our

shared environment.


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Delegation from: The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia


Delegate: Esther Ngemba


The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has one the big Airline in Africa which help travel.

Ethiopian 1st Airline in Africa to Receive Airbus A350XWB and First in the World to fly it in African

Skies Ethiopian. is proud to be the first airline from Africa to take delivery of the A350 and excel in

offering its passengers the ultimate travel experience on-board this aircraft ahead of other carriers.

Ethiopian is also pleased to make all Africans proud by being the first airline in the world to fly this ultra-

modern airplane in the African skies. In 2016, Ethiopian has received two A350 XWB. The Democratic

Republic of Ethiopia beliefs that countries should world together to Improving Cooperation in Airline

Safety Policies because this is the big transportation that people around use to travel. We should add more

fund to Airline Safety to improve Security Check in and increase the number of bomb squad in Africa.


The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has been one of the african countries that have been

impacted by climate change. It has brought challenges to our global security and a big threat to

international peace. It cause drought that cause conflict over water and pressure on food sources. Due the

Famine and drought the people of that area are forced to move. This create a challenges for the global

community in ways to keep peace and security. When we estimate the global security that will be affected

by climate change, it shows that by the year 2100 the world population is projected to hit 11.2 billion.

This shows the bigs risk that be caused by climate change through those figures and this risks of famine,

human displacement, terror, political and water conflict we are ready seeing most of this things in our

word today. This why the topic of climate has be important to the United Nations for many years. That

brought the formalling of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to to provide

the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential

environmental and socio-economic impacts.The UN had been developing resources to help bring a great

understand of the issues of climate change and set up a clear plan of action to address the challenges of

climate change. The federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is one of the country that signed the Paris

Climate change Agreement , it was signed by 195 countries after nine years of negotiation. This

agreement is big step for countries to start taking actions that will help control Climate Change. Most

countries should educated their citizens about climate change and make it part of their daily life.

Countries should focus how climate affect everyone around the world because give them better

understanding migration cause by nature disaster. Also to provide aid to counties that a having struggle

with climate change but this will only be countries that have signed the Paris Climate Change

Agreement.


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Delegation from: France Represented by: Western Reserve Academy

Position Paper for GA I DISEC The issues before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are: Improving Cooperation in

Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. France has been

continuously working with nonstop effort to create an environment in which it is safe to live and prosper

in an efficient community through the collaboration with other nations. Therefore, it is adamant that

France takes action because the two leading issues that currently dominate France are air pollution and

climate change. I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

Over the past decade, France has made several efforts to enforce airline safety amongst the numerous

airlines currently located throughout France. According to one of France’s sustainable development goals,

there is action being taken to have further success with airline safety policies. France has had many

encounters with the need for airline safety to become more adamant. Since then, there have been

implementations of European regulations in order to make flying and airports a safer place to be. French

policies have various statements that outline what is and isn’t allowed by French airlines and that these

rules must be taken seriously due to previous incidents. Since terrorism has become even more apparent throughout Europe, especially France, there have been

measures taken in order to ensure safety amongst the people that fly in and out of France. Due to this, the

French Civil Aviation Authority (DGAC) has been providing assistance for several years to Cambodia in

order to improve their cooperation amongst other countries. Through this, France has helped Cambodia in

the development of regulations for the certification of aerodromes, and has provided training to

Cambodia’s aerodrome inspectors. As a result of the improvement of these actions, Phnom Penh and

Siem Reap have been certified. Along with this France and the European Commission have provided

financial contributions to Ukraine. Which has resulted in the hiring and training of three new inspectors

for the civil aviation authority of Ukraine. From these actions, France wants a continuous improvement throughout the rest of Europe, in case of any

other disasters that occur in the near future. There has to be a collaborative initiative made in order to see

further improvement with the cooperation of the surrounding countries of France. In order for further

action to be taken to improve this cooperation, there have to be certain rules and regulations implemented

so that nothing is misconstrued, meaning that their is efficient cooperation.

II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security France is highly supportive of taking action for the increasing climate change that threatens the safety of

the environment. The French president recently introduced an aim in which there will be work done to

make a Global Pact for the Environment. The reason behind the creation of this pact, is that there is an

urgent need to build a sustainable future for France because of the increasing threats to the environment,

and how those threats impact the survival of mankind, and ultimately, the planet. Since this enactment,

France is taking the lead with trying to implement the Paris Agreement and take action with the goals that

need to be achieved. With the increase in climate change, France is trying to improve the daily lives of French people, do away

with fossil fuels, make France number one in the green economy, bring out the potential of ecosystems


24

and agriculture, and at the same time, step up international mobilization on climate diplomacy. France,

wants to exceed their expectations in order to make the environment a better place not just for France, but

for other countries as well. In order for France to improve the daily lives of French people, they have to

share this solidarity at an international level. In order to fully address the issue of the impact of climate

change, France has recently signed a new partnership agreement for 2017-2020 with the International

Union for Conservation of Nature, which is the oldest, and the largest environmental organization in the

world. The partnership will mainly deal with the fight against climate change, amongst many other issues;

such as the governance and management of biodiversity and the management of coastal areas. France has done an exemplary amount of work that has been invested into creating a better future for the

citizens of France, and the surrounding countries. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, it has been

ratified by 166 countries. From this ratification, it is made apparent that the main goal of this agreement is

to limit the increase in global temperatures to less than 2°C. Along with that, the other goals of the

agreement are to increase the capacity of countries to adapt to climate change, and through this, direct

financial flows toward economic activities that produce very low greenhouse gas emissions. As of recent

progress, France recently participated in the COP23 conference, where three concrete goals are promoted

in order to fight against climate change. In reference to an article written about the event, France is going

to continue to negotiate and implement the rules of the Paris Agreement, specifically the perimeter of the

five-year global review process that will enter into effect in 2023. The French government has done very well with setting into place what needs to happen in order to have

a successful outcome of their preparation to attack the issue with climate change. It is of utmost concern

that direct action is taken in order to prevent the situation from becoming even worse. According to the

Background Guide of the General Assembly, it is climate change that creates instability amongst the

people, which leads to the displacement of people if the situation becomes worse. Therefore, the

committee is in need of a direct action plan that can enforce a rapid change that will have a long-lasting

effect that can decrease climate change to the max.


25

Delegation from: Hungary


Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International

Security

Conflicts before the General Assembly, First committee, Disarmament and International Security

Council are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change

on Global Security. Hungary is devoted to the bettering of airline safety of all people and the

hope to continually improve the policies.


In the past decades air travel has continually grown to a large extent, to the point that millions of

passengers are flying every day and thousands of flights across the world are taking place.

Although travel is much easier to access and becoming a necessity, dangers civil flights face due

to extraneous scenarios, such as weapons testing from various countries such as North Korea to

planes being shot down by Russians over the middle east. Airplanes have many positives, but

come with serious negatives that need to be handled.

In the recognition of the International Civil Aviation Organization, Hungary recognizes the need

to enforce airline policies to protect all civilians flying into and out of the country. Although

there may be extenuating circumstances, all civilians should feel safe and be able to trust that

their well-being is never compromised when flying to a foreign or familiar land, and that

additional enforcing on Airline Safety Policies is a necessity to avoiding terror attacks and the

endangerment of anyone flying.

A possible solution to increase the safety of airlines would be to increase regulations, to avoid

dangerous threats that civilians pose. Regulations can be made by a three checkpoint system in

which it regulates the passengers that board onto the flight, the luggage that is being transported,

and the criminal histories of each passenger to see if they possibly pose a threat to others.

Another solution is to annually update and check the security machinery to make sure that it is

up to par and not flawed.


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II. The Impact of CLimate Change on Global Security

Climate change has been a controversial topic throughout the world. Also known as “global

warming”, the Earth has continually heated up over many millennia. With the constant climate

change the risk for the continent Antarctica could potentially melt and not only risk flooding

nearby continents and raising the water level, but also the endangerment of the living organisms

in the area.

Hungary, like many other countries have experienced climate change over the centuries.

Although this may be a threat to the world’s safety, Hungary has also become a part of the

solution by signing the Paris Climate Agreement along with 175 governments. The Agreement

aims to respond to the global climate change threat by keeping a global temperature rise this

century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the

temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. With this, hopefully the global climate

change issue could possibly be resolved.

A possible solution is to economically limit fuel that can affect the climate. Regulating fuel

usage such as coal, oil, etc it can be a solution to keep the climate change down. Although, not a

permanent solution, it can buy time to find something that can permanently stop climate change.


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Delegation from: Iceland


The delegation from Iceland today would like to discuss Improving cooperation in airline Safety and the

Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The delegation from Iceland is interested in finding lasting

solutions and looks forward to cooperating with fellow delegations in the committee.

Topic I: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

The air transport industry plays a major role in world economic activity. One of the key elements to

maintaining the vitality of civil aviation is to ensure safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainable

operations at the global, regional and national levels. A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International

Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created in 1944 to promote the safe and orderly development of

international civil aviation throughout the world. ICAO sets the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs)

necessary for aviation safety, security, efficiency and environmental protection on a global basis. ICAO serves as the

primary forum for cooperation in all fields of civil aviation among its 191 Member States.1 Improving the safety of

the global air transport system is ICAO’s guiding and most fundamental Strategic Objective.

Topic II: The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security

Environmental Change could devastatingly affect human and Environmental wellbeing. Potential impacts

of Climate Change on human wellbeing incorporate higher rates of respiratory and warmth related ailment,

expanded pervasiveness of vector-borne and waterborne sicknesses, nourishment and water uncertainty, and lack of

healthy sustenance. People who are elderly, wiped out, or poor are particularly powerless against these potential

outcomes. Tending to Climate Change could have considerable advantages to human well being. In this position

paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) suggests that doctors and the more extensive Health Care people

group all through the world take part in Environmentally maintainable practices that lessen Carbon Emissions;

bolster endeavors to moderate and adjust to the impacts of Climate Change; and teach general society, their partners,

their group, and officials about the wellbeing dangers postured by Climate Change. Handling Climate change is a

chance to significantly enhance human wellbeing and deflect desperate Environmental results, and ACP trusts that

Physicians can assume a part in accomplishing this objective. Environmental Change could represent a "disastrous

hazard" to human wellbeing and undermine the world wide wellbeing picks up accomplished amid the past 50 years.

The truth of Climate change and our warming planet is unequivocal, and in spite of the fact that there keeps on being

wrangle about and disagreeing sees on whether Climate Change is to a great extent the consequence of human

action, the American College of Physicians (ACP), on the premise of its audit of the proof as depicted in this paper,

firmly agrees with the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has expressed that

"human effect on the Climate System is clear". The consuming of Fossil Fuels, deforestation, other land-utilize

changes, farming and sustenance creation, and power plant emanations all discharge Carbon Dioxide and other

nursery gasses into the air, catching warmth which at that point raises world wide temperatures and makes different

changes the Climate System . Conceivable immediate and backhanded Health impacts incorporate higher rates of

respiratory and warmth related ailment, raised commonness of vector-borne sicknesses, expanded sustenance

weakness and lack of healthy sustenance, and behavioral Health issues. Albeit all countries will confront the

contrary Health impacts of Climate Change, creating nations and in addition defenseless populaces Throughout the

World, for example, the Elderly, Children, and individuals with endless diseases—will be excessively influenced.

Environmental Change is going on now, and its belongings are required to compound throughout the following

century. Anthropogenic (Human-Caused) Greenhouse Gas Emissions must be generously checked to hold the

Global Average Temperature increment to "well beneath" 3.6 °Fand the more yearning focus of 2.7 °F above

Preindustrial levels, as built up in the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change, which was received by the agents of 195 countries in December 2015. Endeavors to adjust to a changing

planet and alleviate future hurtful Emissions could achieve significant Health and Environmental cobenefits. A


28

feeling of desperation is justified. Under one situation, combined Carbon dioxide emanations could make the world

wide normal temperature achieve the edge of 3.6 °F above Preindustrial levels by 2045. Albeit mindfully positive,

the Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change cautions that "the impacts of Climate Change are being felt

today, and future projections speak to an inadmissibly high and possibly disastrous hazard to human well being" .

The ACP is worried about the impact that Climate Change could have on singular people and populaces in the

United States and all through the world. In spite of the fact that Climate Change represents a conceivably significant

danger to human and Environmental Health, making a move to lessen Greenhouse Gas Emissions could have real

advantages to human Health. For instance, diminishing engine vehicle use for walking or cycling could yield Carbon

Emission decreases and Health upgrades, and Carbon contamination norms for control plants could positively affect

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health. Doctors and the more extensive Health Care people group have a

noteworthy stake in tending to Climate Change, not just by treating patients encountering its Health impacts yet in

addition by upholding for powerful Climate Change adjustment and moderation arrangements, teaching general

society about potential Health threats postured by Climate Change, pushing for a low Carbon Health Care segment,

inquiring about and actualizing general Health techniques, and receiving way of life changes that point of

confinement Carbon Emissions and may accomplish better wellbeing. The issue of Climate change is frequently

situated as a simply Environmental, financial, or political one; be that as it may, Climate Change could have extreme

outcomes for human Health and doctors can assume a vital part in bringing issues to light. In this position paper, the

ACP explores the evidence on the Health effects of Climate Change and offers recommendations on how physicians

and the broader Health Care sector can take action to slow global warming and reduce the effects of Climate change

on patients and the planet. In every case, these activities are augmented by ICAO’s detailed appraisal of global and

regional aviation safety metrics on the basis of established risk management principles—a core component of

contemporary State Safety Programmes (SSP) and Safety Management Systems (SMS). Applying these principles in

the field of aviation safety requires ICAO to pursue a strategy comprised of proactive and reactive safety analysis

and risk management processes. In all of its coordinated safety activities, ICAO strives to achieve a balance between

assessed risk and the requirements of practical, achievable and effective risk mitigation strategies. The ICAO Safety

Report is published annually each April in electronic format to provide updates on safety indicators including

accidents and related risk factors occurring in the previous year. In addition, ICAO will publish a triennial Special

Edition – the State of Global Aviation Safety report – during August of each year in which an ICAO Assembly is

held. The State of Global Aviation Safety reports provide Member States, the aviation community and the travelling

public with a high-level analysis of air transport safety trends and indicators. They also include comprehensive

accounts of the significant aviation safety programmes being undertaken by ICAO and its partners, highlighting the

Organization’s important leadership role in fostering increased cooperation and innovation to enhance air transport

safety outcomes worldwide. The State of Global Aviation Safety Report will be published in six languages,

electronically and in print.


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Delegation: Islamic Republic of Iran


Position Paper for General Assembly

The issues before the First Committee of the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline

Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Islamic Republic of Iran is

committed to enforcing regulated airline policies and promoting and creating solutions to the issue of

climate change.


Airline safety policies are a growing problem in a world growing more reliable on the need of

international transport. Improved airline safety policies in multiple nations around the world have helped

many different airlines to be a safer method of transport for more people. As a part of these airline safety

policies, the 2015 EU Aviation Strategy subjected the European aviation safety system to review. This

strategy also included the Proposal for a new Framework for Aviation Safety Regulation. Its purpose was

to help aid in the safety of airlines throughout Europe and compose a new framework for the next 10-15

years that would make sure that airlines are secure and environmentally friendly. The United States of

America tried this as well, with the Safety Management System, or the SMS. This framework attempted

to push the boundary of aviation safety, because of the growing dilemma of decreasing resources and

increased aviation activity. Its goal was to develop a safety policy that would achieve a zero accident

rate. It had many different components that were each a piece of the management system. Another

framework was established by the United Nations. The framework was called the International Civil

Aviation Organization, established in 1944. The ICAO was formed in order to create a safe and secure

aviation sector. Many other frameworks have been created in order to attempt to create a safer mode of

transportation from threats to these safety policies.

The Islamic Republic of Iran supports the ICAO in order to establish a more secure aviation system.

Many complaints have been issued about the condition of our aviation system. Many reporters and others

have used their right to the press in order to publicate the fact that our airline systems, including Iran Air,

are not up to par and should be upgraded. Because of financial penalties against Iran, the last time that

Iran Air received new aircraft was in 1994, with the receivement of the Airbus A300. In addition to these

low quality airlines, terrorist groups in support of Iran and many Iranians have been the cause of various

airplane hijackings. These include the hijacking from September 20, 1995, where flight attendant Rida

Garari took control of the flight and landed in Israel. Even though no Iranian hijackings have occurred

since the 1990 and security has greatly improved, their airlines are not at all perfect and still have some

room for improvement.

The Islamic Republic of Iran does not have a Transportation Security Administration, or the TSA. This is

a good thing, because when numerous undercover agents went through the TSA and attempted to smuggle

dangerous weapons and objects through this system, the TSA was unable to stop 95% of the agents

through security, so having a TSA in Iran would just be a waste of money. However, this does not mean

that airline security in Iran is perfect, it still has flawed. The previously mentioned examples of

hijackings on Iranian airlines have demonstrated that the Iranian airline security is not at all up to par. In


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order to increase safety of passengers and airline staff, different measures must be taken. These include

placing extensive background checks on staff, reinforcing cockpit doors, and educating passengers and

staff on recognizing dangerous activity and what to do in emergency response. These solutions will help

to keep the sky a much safer mode of transportation for everyone.


The issue of climate change is proving to become an overwhelming problem for global security. In the

21st century, a common foe to the security of the world happens to be climate change. However, this

term is not to be mistaken with the term “global warming”. The difference happens to be the fact that

global warming refers to the Earth’s rising temperature while climate change refers to global warming

and all of its side effects. Many different factors go into climate change, but the majority, if not all, of it

is caused by human and man-made factors, including pollution. 2015 was the hottest year since records

started being kept in 1880 and rising ocean temperatures have caused ocean levels to raise 8 inches. This

controversial topic regarding the existence of climate change really is slowly killing the Earth, stalling

this problem will only increase the problem at hand, something must be done to stop this problem.

Iran has also experienced climate change. For example, Lake Urmia in southwest Iran has experienced

hardships because of climate change. This lake has lost more than 90% of its water since the 1970s, and

will continue to lose water until something is done to stop it. Fishermen, farmers, and many other citizens

also continue to be affected negatively by climate change, as many fishermen and farmers who rely on

certain rivers or nearby water sources have lost them, as they have all dried up as a result of climate and

global warming. This huge decrease in food supply will cause many hungry people to die, leaving our

country vulnerable. Other citizens are being affected as the hot waters of the Persian Gulf threaten to

harm them. Photojournalist Ako Salemi noted that by 2070, continued climate change would make the

region so hot that it would be completely uninhabitable for humans to live in. All of these examples help

to demonstrate the fact that climate change is not only a threat to the security and safety of Iran, but to the

entire globe as well.

The truth is that we are halfway to being the cause of the death of many animal species, numerous

droughts, wildfires, and much more. The only thing that we can do now is to help to slow it down by

reducing the use of non renewable energy sources and increasing the use of renewable energy, such as the

sun, water, oxygen, and biomass (the burning of wood and other organic matter, which can provide fuel).

Encouraging the use of public transportation to reduce CO2 emissions and inspiring the act of recycling to

Iranian throughout the country will also help to slow climate change. Installing solar panels on buildings

helps to ensure that not only are thousands of dollars saved, but it would also help to slow down the issue

global warming and all of its side effects. Promoting the Paris Agreement would also help. The Paris

Agreement was an example of many countries coming together and agreeing to help curb carbon emission

and slow climate change. However, the Paris Agreement was only the first step. Much more must be

done in order to preserve the Earth, our Earth, and leave a better world for those who come after.


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Delegation from: The Republic of Iraq

Represented by: Westlake High School

Position Paper for the General Assembly, 1st Committee

The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

and the Impact of Climate change on Global Security. The Republic of Iraq believes there must

be increased cooperation in airline safety policies in order to maintain global security and steps

must be taken to reduce climate change and mitigate its impacts.


The Republic of Iraq believes airline safety policy cooperation is important for maintaining

global security. Iraq has created the Iraq Civil Aviation Authority (ICAA) which coordinates

with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Iraq expresses its concern of the use

of civilian airlines for terrorism. Iraq also believes that the spread of infectious diseases through

air travel must be addressed.

In 2015, the European Union issued a ban on Iraq Airways from entering EU airspace due to

safety concerns. Iraq has taken steps to improve airline safety in order to lift this ban. The

Republic of Iran hopes increased cooperation in airline safety policies can prevent this from

happening again.

The Republic of Iraq believes that international cooperation is necessary to ensure global

security and to keep airline travel safe for civilians. The General Assembly should work with the

ICAO to ensure airline safety policies are adequate.


The Republic of Iraq recognizes the grave threat climate change poses on the world and believes

action needs to be taken to mitigate its impacts. Iraq is concerned that climate change can impact

global security. Iraq signed the Paris Agreement in December 2016, showing its commitment to

reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Iraq submitted its Intended Nationally Determined

Contributions (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

(UNFCCC) where Iraq set the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 15% by the year

2035.

Iraq is dealing with problems with access to clean water and climate change is only making it

worse. Droughts and heat waves that are exacerbated by climate change can be destabilizing to

the region and will have large impacts on the people in Iraq. Iraq recognizes that water shortages

caused by climate change will also affects many other countries across the world. Iraq hopes

that the General Assembly addresses access to clean water as it works to solve the problem of

climate change. The Republic of Iraq believes maintaining access to clean water is imperative

for ensuring global security.


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Iraq is also concerned about refugees due to climate change. Iraq hopes that the General

Assembly looks for ways to mitigate the refugee crisis that will be caused by climate change.

The Republic of Iraq believes that to address this issue, countries must reduce greenhouse gas

emissions while also preparing for the effects of climate change.


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Delegation from: The Republic of Ireland

Represented by: Bay Village High school

Position Paper for DISEC Council

The issues presented before the DISEC are as follows: global issues, disarmament,

threats to international security, and chemical weapons that can lead to great

destruction and threats to regional, national, and global peace. Ireland seeks to promote

efficient international action to maintain international peace and security, and devote to

nuclear disarmament and prevention. Ireland will cooperate with other nations to

advocate a resolution to put these fundamentals in order.


The republic of Ireland will actively participate in international forums to influence

advances in the safety of air travel. As well as recognize the importance and

significance of the issue. Previous actions such as a 900 hour flight limit known as

¨Flight Time Limitations¨ to pilots on aircrafts to ensure high alert, safe flights circulated

in February of 2016.As well as high investigative teams incase of an issue. Ireland

strongly supports the development to a safer aviation through cooperation with IAA

(Irish Aviation authority) , EU, UN, and IATA (international air transport association) this

is represented in a National Aviation Policy from the Department of Transport of Ireland

that was presented in August of 2015. Ireland has also worked with EASA by passing

many legislations with European Parliament. Such as the Commission Regulation in

May of 2016 and in June of 2013.

As a nation it is recognized that civil aviation safety is a major priority. Not one state can

approach this on their own, and that a global threat requires a global response. The

primary responsibility is held with the operation within the state is to ensure agreement

through organizations and legislations to be established with these policies.

Ireland has also made a procedure to continue partnership with industry and make an

approach with a Security Management System, doing so by regulations, strengthening

the monitoring systems, and improving security. As well as work with other nations and

legislations to develop resolutions for these policies by contributing the help of

organizations and legislations the nation has to offer by promoting safe air travel, strong

securities and regulations, as well as investigative processes to be used in an incident.


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II.The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security

The republic of Ireland acknowledges that climate change is an issue and has an impact

on global security. In the republic the misty lands will dry out and oceans will rise

creating issues for the nation. But also it will create regional and local tensions in the

affected areas. Nations like Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East are going to

be the most affected. This will create overpopulation,food and water shortages, and

instability. .The EU neighboring countries will be the one most affected meaning

political and other conflicts will arise.

Conflicts that will possibly arise in the future being over diminished resources, economic

damage, infrastructure damage on coastal cities, loss of territory, and tensions over low

energy supply. Safe water will also be an issue to many affected nations. Ireland has

monitored water supply, reduced greenhouse gases 40% since 1990, and water

moderation.

Ireland firmly believes that through cooperation with other states, the EU and UN that a

resolution could be made to maybe prevent or help the issues that will arise. Doing so

by enhancing capacities and the EU level, leadership to promote global climate security,

and also with help from third world countries. Also through the legislation of an

international climate policy or turn around could help improve further conflicts.


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Committee: GA1 DISEC

Topics: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate

Change on Global Security

Delegation from: Israel

Represented by: Lutheran West High School

Topic I

Airline safety is a term encompassing the occurrence and investigation of flight failures and the

impeding of such failures through education, training, and regulations. Israel believes that airline

safety is an issue of global concern. Effective, sustainable, and safe airlines will only become a

reality by international collaboration. With over 100,000 daily flights, the need for regulated

airline safety standards cannot be stressed enough. Israel is appalled by the fact that the

implementation worldwide of international safety standards in civil aviation was reported at only

63% by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in 2016. Israel supports the

ICAO’s work thus far, and encourages all countries to comply with their standards.

Possibly facing more terrorist threats than any country in the world, airline safety is a pressing

issue to Israel. For many years, Israel has been striving to develop higher levels of airline

security within its borders, and consequently has one of the most secure airline systems in the

world. Its last major security breeching was the hijacking of the El Al passenger flight 426 on

July 23, 1968. Israel’s comprehensive security protocol is achieved through a system of diligence

and consistency. Not only does the country have a superior array of equipment to aid authorities

in combatting potential terrorist attacks, its passenger-oriented security system relies on the

assumption that terrorist can be identified and stopped by simple but effective security

methodology. The security personnel at the Ben Gurion airport are highly trained army graduates

with specialized skills, using cutting edge technology such as explosive-detecting pressure

chambers for checked baggage, and robots which patrol the airport grounds. Israel acknowledges

that while our security system is elite, it is not infallible and the country intends to rigorously

continue expanding its security policies.

The governance of international air transportation dates to 1944 with the adoption of the Chicago

convention and the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO). Israel believes that comprehensive passenger scrutiny, stringent training of security

personnel, along with development and integration of state-of-the-art technology is the way

forward in combating terrorism as it relates to airline safety. Israel encourages all states to

become involved in collaborative development and the implementation of airline safety measures

to strengthen aviation safety in the spirit of SC/12529 (Resolution 2309) that was unanimously

adopted by the Security Council in 2016.


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Topic II

Climate change, a continually growing international issue, affects numerous aspects of the lives

of billions of people, damaging global security. The effects of climate change are drastic,

dangerous, and far-reaching. Oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic, sea levels are rising,

and increases in heatwaves and evaporation are causing extreme weather conditions, like

hurricanes and droughts. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),

“the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”

Christina Fugures, the secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC), says that “climate change poses one of the biggest long-term threats to

investment.” In addition to causing economic problems, climate change threatens infrastructure,

agriculture, and health. These and other effects of climate change are pertinent the topic of

Global Security because the impacts of a changing climate will aggravate worldwide tensions,

particularly and highly affected regions. Instability within countries will occur on countless

levels, fueled by problems like overpopulation, poor air quality, water scarcity, and food

shortages. Such instabilities will lead to failure of the cooperation and continuance of global

security.

I. As a country with limited space, a high population growth, a semi-arid climate, and

resource scarcity, Israel is highly susceptible to environmental crises, including global warming.

Israel joined the Paris agreement 10 days after it went into Force. Israel is targeting to reduce it's

greenhouse gas emissions by 25% by 2030 and limit its residents to 7.7 tons of carbon dioxide

per capita. As stated by Ze’ev Elkin, Environmental Protection minister, “The Paris Agreement

not only binds the State of Israel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions like all developed

countries, but it is also a tremendous opportunity for the growth of the Israeli cleantech sector,

providing new technological solutions in the field of environmental protection and coping with

climate change for the whole world.” Israel continues to support the Paris agreement,

acknowledging its importance not only for regions susceptible to climate change, but for the

world.

II. Global climate change poses an immediate threat to all nations. The permanent effects of

climate change on the environment will continue to create possibly irreversible economic harm

and displacement of people. Israel proposes that resolutions that are more stringent than

A/RES/63/32 and A/RES/281 be created and implemented.


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Delegation from: Republic of Mexico


Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International

Security

The issues before the First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving

Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate change on Global Security.

Mexico shares its worries with many other nations over these issues and is committed to

improving global conditions for all.

I. Improving cooperation in Airline Safety Policies

Since the birth of the United Nations, protection of airline safety has always been a priority.

Around the world, over 100,000 flights occur each day, transporting over 2.5 million people.

After the Ebola pandemic, the dangers of the sick traveling has never been more clear. In order

to assure the safety of civilian airlines, the ICAO had announced that all governments are subject

to the declaration the warning of any military weapons testing. However, on July 28, 2017, North

Korea was unable to comply and had performed a missile launch test, landing just off the coast

of Japan. Fortunately, an Air France airplane, which was above the crash zone just minutes

before, nor its hundreds of passengers were harmed. This is not the first time that North Korea

had disregarded the order to issue any sort of warning for military With this in mind, it has

become blatantly obvious that the DPRK is an international airline safety hazard. In light of

previous airline events, such as the plane bombing in Somalia, 9/11 terrorist attacks, Russian

plane bombings over Sinai, airline safety must be taken more into account than it has ever been.

For a nice warm vacation, Mexico is one of the most traveled countries. However, after President

Donald Trump’s promise of a wall between the border of Mexico and the United States and the

immigration threats, the appeal for travel into the country of Mexico has gone down. In the past,

Mexico has only ever been a major exporter for various aircraft parts. These parts include slats,

struts, nose gear, main gear, and spoilers just to name a few. These parts are then exported to

several different countries such as France, Spain, and Germany. Overall, the Republic of Mexico

has been cooperating with other nations to bolster economy and engaging with the industry to

develop a more safe and prosperous world.

The Republic of Mexico is completely willing to take part in rational solutions in order to help

and improve the cooperation in airline safety policies. In order to truly improve cooperation, we

must first establish harsher punishments and repercussions for governments who fail to alert

other countries of their military weapons trials. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has

done this far too many times, putting countless lives in danger in the name of their military

missile tests. Thorough and extensive care must be taken when looking into these future events

so that a right and just punishment may be comprehensively executed.

II. The Impact of Climate change on Global Security

World Population Growth estimates that by the year 2100, the global population will reach

approximately 11.2 billion. However, like all things, this number is subject to change via a large

variety of variables. The risks of natural disasters, famine, water famine, poverty, and politics are

just a fraction of these variables. Other nations, Syria and Maldives for example, have already

experienced the ramifications of these variables. It is only a matter of time before other nations


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are affected as well. For some time now, the United Nations have been contemplating this

subject and created Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in the late 80’s in order to fully

comprehend climate change and to determine the best course of action. For example, after nine

years, almost 200 different countries signed Paris Climate Accord in the hopes of keeping the

inflation of the overall global temperature at a max of 34.7 degrees Fahrenheit.

In over 100 countries, the IPCC has received the assistance of over 2000 scientists. For those

scientists, more than a dozen consisted of Mexican scientists and graduates from the National

University in Mexico City, far greater than any number of scientists from richer countries, such

as France or Spain. From the country’s lost cost mitigation and systematic techniques over the

last few years, Mexico has more than proven itself that it is fully committed to the fight against

climate change. Dating back to the early 2000s, Mexico has commenced a special program,

established the LGCC, published several strategies in order to combat climate change. As a

product of these actions, various techniques on decreasing particle emissions and greenhouse

gases. By the year 2050, it is estimated that approximately half of the country’s emissions will be

reduced.

If the General Assembly fails to develop a plan of action now to address the possible

consequences from future climate change, then soon Maldives and Syria will not be the only

countries affected by droughts and rising sea levels. In addition to all that this country already

does for climate change, Mexico urges other countries to adopt laws, such as the LGCC.

Bringing down the levels of greenhouse gases as well as particle emissions will further help with

Climate change on a global scale.


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Delegation from: The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea


Committee: General Assembly

Position Paper for the The General Assembly, First Committee

The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of

Climate Change on Global Security. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea believes strongly in improving

airline safety as well as securing the globe environmentally.


The popularity and use of commercial airlines has grown rapidly since the end of World War II. With this rise in

use, the potential for these aircrafts to be used against citizens of the world has grown as well. The benefits of cheap,

accessible travel certainly outweigh the disadvantages; however, along with the conveniences come several issues.

In the past several years, many countries have had problems controlling the security issues that accompany

sophisticated airlines and airports. Many airports in both eastern and western Europe have been attacked while

several planes have been shot down over Russia. These attacks often have long term impacts on both the nation who

falls victim to the attack and the perpetrators themselves. Pertaining to this international dilemma, the General

Assembly, First Committee (GA1) is deeply concerned with improving cooperation in airline safety policies. As

crimes involving commercial airliners increase, the importance of this issue grows. It is of the utmost significance to

the international community in establishing new regulations to further build upon standards and recommended

practices (SARPS); doing so may cement crucial plans of the past by groups such as the International Civil Aviation

Organization (ICAO) in order to ensure safety for all who choose to fly.

In the past, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) has been strongly outspoken on the topic of airline

and airport security. As the home of the finest airport in Asia, Pyongyang Sunan International Airport, security is

taken very seriously and implemented in strict manners. DPRK’s northern border with China is guarded very strictly

as to ensure that no desperate Chinese refugees attempt to illegally infiltrate into the nation. On the other hand, the

southern border is protected from the false Koreans through the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), which has been

guarded dutifully ever since the Fatherland Liberation War came to an victorious end in 1953. Strict security on our

borders efficiently guarantees that terrorists have limited access to the world’s top rated and used airline, Air Koryo.

Even tourists who come to see the numerous beauties of the country are heavily monitored and searched to ensure

the safety of thousands, primarily the Korean people. As a result of these regulations, the DPRK hasn’t had a single

attack on any of its airports or airplanes from either domestic or foreign sources. If the previous actions of the DPRK

are to be used as any precursor, the General Assembly can be assured that The Democratic People’s Republic of

Korea is truly committed to Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies to secure international safety.

Providing support to further pass strict airline security policy is extremely important to the Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea. We strongly suggest that other countries take us and our policies seriously and disregard the

negative biased western media with their campaigns in support of the false Koreans. With all of that in mind, the

DPRK proposes a three-pronged plan to strengthen security of (1) strict and invasive security checks before

boarding any plane, (2) increased number of security officers onboard of airliners, and (3) educating the masses to

be aware of suspicious factors around them. Imposing these measures will cease the threat that airlines have recently

faced. Passing legislation with these factors in mind is instrumental in helping to stop the threat of security in

countries less advanced than ourselves. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea would like to encourage others

to build on previous security legislation and be as strict and safe with airports as we have been. We also encourage

the use of our systems as an example. Once the rest of the world is able to cooperate on policy, lives for citizens

across the globe will improve.


The rapidly changing climate is something we cannot deny or ignore for any longer. The amount of carbon dioxide

in our atmosphere has increased rapidly since the year 1950. The rise in carbon dioxide in our atmosphere has had

several adverse effects on many things crucial to us as humans. Crops have been impacted, as well as accessibility to

water. Climate change also brought along a drastic alteration in weather patterns, causing severe weather that

damages property and takes the lives of thousands or even millions of people. The threat of rising sea levels will

cause nations with large coastal areas acres upon acres of land and displace even more people from their homes. All


40

of this is certainly not helped by the rapidly increasing population, which has gone from three million in 1960 to

roughly seven and a half billion today. More people and less resources available for them are two factors that cannot

coexist. As desperation for resources would increase, violence and instability both socially and politically will

become far more prevalent. Climate change, if allowed to continue and worsen, will damage the world both socially

and economically. This situation is something we must prevent from ever happening. If we fail to react justly to the

immense threat to all of us that climate change is, countless lives will be ended or changed for the worse, and global

security will become a fever dream of the past.

The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is and has been absolutely committed to reversing the impacts of

climate change. The DPRK signed on to the Paris Climate Agreement, something the evil Americans withdrew their

support from. The DPRK was also one of the original members of the North-East Asian Subregional Programme for

Environmental Cooperation (NEASPEC) at its inception. Deforestation is considered a serious crime in the DPRK,

and all who illegally destroy plant life are dealt with adequate severity. Through NEASPEC, we have worked to find

solutions and establish universal policies on environmental issues in Asia through collaborations with other

countries such as China and Russia. On top of this, our own Ministry of Land and Environment Protection

distributed over 90 million saplings for planting across the nation, increasing the number of trees available to

consume carbon dioxide, as well as the allure of our country. Strict regulations we have imposed on deforestation

have also secured plentiful food sources for our people and ensured lasting security, as all of our people enjoy

plentiful resources from the environment. These policies and actions have clearly limited the amount of pollution

and chaos in the DPRK, making Pyongyang the least polluted and most beautiful city in all of Asia. However, even

with this, large amounts of pollution from western aggressors such as the United States as well as from the corrupted

imperialists known as the Japanese has still found its way to our country to damage its natural all encompassing

beauty. These countries even have the audacity to blame us through their lying media that we hurt the environment,

ignoring the fact that they do much more and way worse. The DPRK looks to set an example to other less developed

countries on how to handle the environment, and encourages others to help secure the world's future as a secure and

beautiful place.

Finding a solution to quickly end climate change and help those affected is a top priority to the Democratic People’s

Republic of Korea. Through previous actions, the DPRK has certainly demonstrated its desire to help itself as well

as others in securing the globe environmentally. The DPRK proposes a three-pronged plan to solve the massive

issue that is climate change and global security, being to (1) educate the masses on the true threat of climate change

and who is causing it through a legitimate media source, (2) prosecute those who endanger and damage the

environment to the fullest extent possible, and (3) provide funds to countries encouraging the use of cleaner sources

of energy. The DPRK recommends not only national but international advertising and fact campaigns for raising

awareness on climate change, as well as prosecution to the fullest extent of anywhere from 25 years to death to those

who damage the environment. The DPRK would look to NGOs such as the Climate Action Network (CAN) as well

as the World Resources Institute (WRI) for funding and assistance towards helping the environment. The DPRK has

become a role model for other Asian nations looking to find solutions to help stop global climate change and the

problems that accompany it. While duly keeping the sovereignty of nations in mind, the delegation from the

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea looks forward to collaborating with others on a solution to solve this

worsening problem as quickly and as thoroughly as possible.


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Delegation from: Norway



The issues before the General Assembly include: Improving Cooperation in Airline

Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Norway is committed to

expand participation in aviation safety guidelines and environmental guidelines. Norway hopes

to collaborate with other nations to resolve these issues.

I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policy

Air travel is projected to double in the next 20 years. With 43,983 airports worldwide and 5,000

aircrafts in the sky at a given time, air travel is among the most popular modes of travel. Safety

in airports and planes, however, remains an international dynamic issue. After the emergence of

commercial aviation in the 1920s, aircraft, crew, and passengers became attractive targets for

terrorists, including the first ‘recorded’ hijacking in Arequipa, Peru, in 1931. On September 11,

2001, four airplanes in the United States hijacked by al-Qaeda terrorists resulted in 2,996

casualties. Since then, there have been significant improvements in airline security, such as the

passing of the Aviation and Transportation act by the US Congress and the International Civil

Aviation Organization (ICAO) established by the United Nations to manage guidelines of

aviation. Still, these guidelines have not been entirely effective. On October 31, 2015, a suicide

bombing on Metrojet Flight 9268 from Egypt to Saint Petersburg resulted in 224 casualties.

A Norwegian survey reported that 40% of those responding planned four international holidays a

year. Adding business travel, Norway was the point of departure for 8.8 million trips in 2015.

Within the first six months of this year, Oslo airport reported 12 million passengers and airlines

reported full flights. Despite this traffic, no terror acts on planes have occurred on flights arriving

or departing from Oslo airport. Norway abides by the International Economic and Social Council

(ICAO), established by the United Nations and has effective implementation about the global

average of 61%. Norway has done a remarkable job implementing airline safety policies.

Norway is a dependable source to help find a solution to airline safety policy problems.

Terrorists target aviation because airlines are a national symbol. Oslo’s recent expansion places a

target on its back and the delegation of Norway suggests increasing the number of armed police

in airports. On November 9, 2017, the amount of armed police at Oslo airport drastically

increased. The National Police Directorate was asked to be armed and the Ministry of Justice and

Public Security agreed to temporary armament applied for three months at Oslo airport. This was

a necessary precaution to evade and limit potential terror attacks. Norway also suggests investing

in a thorough vetting of airline employees. This past year alone TSA failed to identify airport

employees with links to terrorism. These checks would minimize the risk of terrorist infiltrating

employees. Terrorists also look for low-tech ways to attack softer targets which is why Norway

also would suggest investing in improved technology for surveillance to assist in detecting

threats. Norway also calls for the successful implementation of ICAO guidelines as well as

suggested practices, which will improve the level of security and safety within airports Through

this process Norway hopes to see the number of these attacks on airports diminish and the level

of security and safety increase internationally.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrojet_Flight_9268


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Climate change impacts every country and the consequences are deadly. Agriculture is

decreasing, glaciers are shrinking, the weather is becoming more extreme and oceans are

increasing in temperature, size, and acidity. Due to the unpredictable weather patterns, climate

change brings, essential food sources are suffering. Demand for crops exceeds supply which

leads to instability, terror, and famine. The effects of climate change are evident in the Syrian

Civil War. The Syrian drought (which was the worst drought recorded in history) spanned from

2006 to 2011. The overwhelming heat and lack of agriculture caused many families to migrate to

cities. This migration added to social tension already created by the influx of refugees from the

war in Iraq. This drought increased conflict and tension. Poverty increased alongside poverty.

The impact of climate change is evident for those living in tropical regions where rising tide

levels threaten the homes of millions. Climate change creates instability and precautions must be

taken to slow down these drastic effects.

With the seventh largest coastline in the world of 25,148 km (15,626 miles) climate change is a

dominant issue of concern in Norway. The Norwegian Environment Agency, the focal point of

the National IPCC is an active organization focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,

manage Norwegian nature and reduce pollution. On January 11, 2017, the Norwegian

Government decided to increase the voluntary contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on

Climate Change (IPCC). The Norwegian Government has in the National budget for proposed an

anticipated range of 850000-900000 CHF allocated to the IPCC Trust Fund for 2018. Norway

offers grants alongside other Europeans for research involving biodiversity and ecosystem

services, reduction of hazardous substances, environmental monitoring and integrated planning

and control and integrated marine and inland water management. The Norwegian Environment

Agency, with about 700 employees, is the largest agency under the Ministry of Climate and

Environment. On June 20, 2016, Norway ratified and signed the Paris Agreement. Norway’s

target which aligned with the European Union’s target is to reduce GHG emissions by at least

40% below 1990 levels in 2030.

To effectively address this crisis Norway urges countries to implement strict guidelines to reduce

their carbon footprint. The government also advises countries to invest in their Environmental

protection agency and comply with the Paris Agreement create rich and varied wetlands, an

unpolluted environment, living seas and coasts and a stable climate and strengthened

adaptability. Norway would like to see the international community work together to control the

high-risk conflict


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Delegation from: Pakistan

Represented by: St. Edward’s Highschool

The topics put forth to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and

International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety

Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Islamic Republic of

Pakistan is committed to the eradication of terrorism to ensure national safety and

security.

Position Paper to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and

International Security (GA1 DISEC)


The skies, boundless yet breathtaking suffocate from the effects of ongoing, fanatic

extremism and ignorant thinking. Expressing its sympathy to all member states, the delegation of

Paksitan acknowledges that terrorism is a current, oppressing issue for the entire world.

Throughout Eastern Asia, belligerence and fostered aviation related attacks directed towards the

country of Pakistan has persisted and prolonged the path to peace and safety. Attacks, such as the

2014 Karachi Airport Attack and the 2016 Pathankot attack serve as testaments to this

continuous, existent conflict with this region, and terrorist activity has continuously acted as a

threat to intentional aviation safety. However, despite these unfortunate events, the delegation of

Pakistan has increased open communication, collaboration, and aviation safety policies between

member states, as seen within the €7.5 million-dollar, European Union funded, E.U.-South Asia

APP (Aviation Partnership Project). With the continuous, strong financial support of NATO,

Pakistan has further implemented aviation related security measures, that result in safer and

secure flights. This delegation of Pakistan, although acknowledges a struggling government

structure, the country of Paksitan thrives to improve airline safety policies and measures within

the country and abroad.

Pakistan has demonstrated its commitment to the Disarmament and the International Security

Committee, through its persistent and open support for resolutions and organizations, like the

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) that promulgate economically and security

efficient, aviation related policies. Within resolution like, resolution 2341, the delegation of

Paksitan reaffirms its unyielding support to solve this issue.

The Delegation of Pakistan, in acknowledgement of the introduction of the United Nation’s

Charter, believes in a county’s own right to self-defense. However, the delegation of Pakistan

will condemn member states and the Disarmament and International Security if enacted

resolutions are founded on pre-conceived notions of hate against the country. If peace,

international open communication, and safety is aspired for, the committee must address the

current terrorism issues and aviation related attacks within Afghanistan and the brutal and

oppressive Indian-occupation of Jammu and Kashmir, whose people only wish for sovereignty.


44

The country of Pakistan asks member states to consider assisting the country in its battle against

terrorism, from terrorist organizations like the Taliban to further achieve international safety. The

delegation of Pakistan looks favorable upon resolutions that promote collaboration and open-

dialogue member states and aviation related polices.


Climate change is a current, oppressive global issue that leads to both political and economic

instability throughout the world. The Delegation of Pakistan expresses its condolences for those

that have experienced disasters from Pakistan to Mexico. As a country who has experienced

extreme instability, due to floods, low agricultural production has permeated throughout the

country. This in turn leads to displaced persons and further stimulates economic inflation and

political disputation. Rising sea levels of the Indus River has further increased soil erosion and

the salinity of rivers in Pakistan, which has created an inhospitable environment for aquatic

organisms and led to current political governance issues. On September 13, in Dadu Pakistan, an

estimate of 17,000 Pakistanis also lost their home due to flooding. The people of Pakistan

understand these effects, in that floods and irrigation problems will continuously damage our

world and displace millions. In Pakistani’s most robust, economic, and metropolitan city,

Karachi, the city encountered a heat wave that killed an estimate of12,000 persons and increased

economic deficits. Reaffirming the United Nations simulation, the Delegation of Pakistan, with

the support of Tauseef Alam, a chief meteorologist, conclude that if another 9.0-magnitude

earthquake strikes in the Makran Trench, besides Iran and the Gulf of Oman, security conflict

between neighboring states would arise. These issues that have occurred throughout Pakistani0

regions and abroad, indicate and presage that effects of climate change need to be addressed.

The Delegation of Pakistan, throughout history, has continuously supported and

advocated for resolutions that promote endeavors that seek to combat climate change and

its effects, for example, the Kyoto Protocol. As an active member in the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change, the delegation of Pakistan believes that

countries must take responsibility for their actions, in relation to greenhouse gas

emissions. Members states, too, must work together to strengthen the global response

against climate change, as seen in the country’s open adoption of the Paris Agreement at

the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties. As expressed in Pakistan’s 2002

National Climate Change Policy, the delegation of Pakistan comprehends and prioritizes

these threats.

Through the implementation of immediate disaster-relief protocols, with the

collaboration of member and non-member states, the delegation of Pakistan urges

organizations such as Doctors without Borders in relations with the World Health

Organization to establish a relief body to administer humanitarian and medical aid within

affected areas. If member states and the Disarmament and International Security looks

favorably upon to pass a resolution, Pakistan urges all nations to focus on practical

actions in addressing this issue. With efficient collaboration between member states and

the immediate establishment of disaster relief protocols, the effects of climate change on

the national security will diminish.


45

Delegation from: Paraguay


Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International

Security

The issues before the General Assembly of the United Nations, First Committee, Disarmament and

International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The

Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Paraguay is dedicated to work on resolving issues

regarding airline safety and the issue of climate change through effective discussions.


Airline safety is imperative to the world and should be an issue regarding everybody. As many people

take to the skies, the amount of terrorist attacks, drug-trafficking, and fire-arm related activity increase.

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) specializes in airline safety. The ICAO also

ensures that 100,000 flights can operate safety each day. Many UN organizations help combat terrorism

and ensure safety. Airline safety should be an issue that effects many people, not only in Paraguay.

As more and more people turn to airplanes for transportation, more problems arise regarding drugs and

firearms. From these drug related issues, the Paraguayan government has confiscated more than 700

metric tons of marijuana in 2017 alone. As these illegal substances arrive into Paraguay, only 1 percent of

it stays within the country while the rest goes to the black market. According to officials in Paraguay, the

largest Paraguay-based aerial drug trafficking scheme was operated by Brazil’s largest criminal groups,

the First Capital Command. Not only is marijuana a problem, but half a metric tons of cocaine was found

in an airport in Amambay Department, a department in Paraguay. Many Paraguayans believe that a weak

control over the airline flight leads to drug trafficking. Many others further presume that the ascending

amount of organized criminal group that are located in Paraguay are occupied in airports. In addition to

drug trafficking, Amnesty International has called for Paraguay to tightly control the presence of gun-

related activity in Paraguay. In many South American countries, drug-related crimes have drastically

increased by Brazilian criminal groups. Paraguay and other Latin American countries like Colombia,

Peru, and Brazil have also experienced more incidents of aircrafts due to budget cuts. Due to the

increasing amount of drug trafficking and firearms, financial problems, and increase in criminal activity,

Paraguay has and will continue to endorse the increase regulation of both narcotics and firearms on

airlines.

To combat these problems, many governmentally funded groups have tried to create solutions to help

ensure safety of airline passengers. Some airports, like that in the town of Pedro Juan Caballero, have

become epicenters for organized crime. Organizations like DINAC consistently monitor airports in

countries like Paraguay to fight unlawful acts but have not succeeded. As such, the amount of airport-

related crime needs to be reduced in order to ensure the safety of passengers and civilians. In addition to

DINAC, Paraguay hopes that groups, such as IOSA and Egmont, will help supply necessary financial aid

to airports. This financial aid would ensure heightened security as well as improved surveillance in low-

budgeted airports. In addition to narcotics, several Brazilian crime organizations have perpetuated many

problems concerning gang violence. Paraguay proposes to closely monitor and eliminate most, if not all,

of the illegal criminal groups in the country by teaming up with Brazil and other countries to create

beneficial initiatives. Doing so would ultimately lessen crime, especially that caused by drug-trafficking

in global airports. Solving the root of the problem would prevent other issues from appearing. Regarding

the issue of financial support, Paraguay proposes to ally with other Latin American countries to provide

aid to low funded airports. Hopefully, with the support of other Latin/South American countries and the


46

UN, the problems regarding airline safety will be resolved with a tighter control over narcotics, firearms,

and crime groups.


The impact of climate change is immensely related to international and regional issues. Through droughts

and floods, many agricultural based economy countries fail to return to a stable state. Over the past

century, the global population has quadrupled. With this drastic increase in people, there is a higher risk

of famine, terror, political instability, human displacement, and interstate war. The issue of climate

change creates instability and requires immediate care to resolve.

This issue of climate change is not only an issue of Paraguay, but an issue of the globe. The effects of

climate change are taking an enormous toll on Paraguay’s economy, as Paraguay is a landlocked country

in South America. The Paraguay River divides the country into two very different environmental regions.

Due to the average increase of 4.2 degrees Celsius, the Paraguayan government has lost 14.3 billion to

80.2 billion dollars. It is estimated that the agricultural based economy of Paraguay will lose 2% of its

gross domestic product annually by the end of the century. The Paraguayan economy is very dependent of

livestock and agricultural products as 16.5% of the economy depends on agriculture, 7.8% of economy

depends on the cultivation of cattle, and 2.7% depends on forestry. 80% of farmers in Paraguay are

property holders of less that 20 hectares without the capacity for adaption to climate change. In Paraguay,

50% of the national exports are soybeans and cotton. In addition to cotton and soybeans, other agricultural

products like corn, tobacco, vegetables, and fruits are exports of Paraguay. Although there is an economic

downside to climate change, the overwhelming increase in temperature also introduces the risk of flood in

Paraguay. This could lead to deaths of many civilians in Paraguay as well as other Latin American

countries and could take a massive dent in the economy with the damage that a flood would cost. With an

agriculture and environmental economy, Paraguay is highly affected by climate change.

The government of Paraguay recognizes the importance of the protections of the environment. In

response to climate change, Paraguay has submitted a new climate action plan to the United Nations

Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), like many other countries in the region. The

communication lays out a policy for the government to follow in response to climate change. It has also

developed a strategy to adapt to the climate change and adaptation options for the agricultural sector. The

Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) has also comes in advance as a new climate change

agreement. The government of Paraguay has also ratified the Convention Marco of the United Nation for

Climate Change, the United Nations Convention of Biological Diversity, the Montreal Protocol, and

many other International agreements to help deal with climate change. In addition to these International

agreements, Paraguay is also participating in the second phase of the Program of Training for the Climate

Change project implemented by the United Nations. The Program of Training for the Climate Change

Project (CC: TRAIN) is a program that helps developing countries follow the UNFCCC. It is vital to

Paraguay and other Latin American countries that immediate action is taken to solve the issue of climate

change. We hope that NGOs like the WWF endorse Paraguay to fight the issue of climate change. In

addition to that, we hope to educate the minds of young Paraguayans about climate change to eventually

make a difference in the future lives of Paraguay.


47

Delegation from: the Republic of Korea

Represented by: Solon

Position Paper for General Assembly, First Committee: Disarmament and International Security

The issues before the General Assembly are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The

Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Republic of Korea (ROK) foresees an increasingly substantial

probability of international conflict due to loose and inadequate regulation of: aerial activity susceptible to

initiate/receive threats to public safety, and activity which have an appreciable adverse impact on the fight against

climate change.


There is a great risk of international security through current airline safety policies because of; a growing

rate of undisclosed military testing, a growing rate of terrorism, and a growing rate of disease transmission. The

causes of these risks have historically been countries inability to prioritize global security over domestic progress.

Improper air travel guidelines are allowed to save time and money. The Republic of Korea has always strongly

advocated for putting efforts into maintaining global stability before focusing on comparatively inessential and

exclusive socioeconomic desires-especially when the two conflict. With that said, South Korea emphasizes the need

for a general consensus engaging in the prioritization of binding guidelines in any sector deemed unstable, and

containing such an unreasonable risk as to find itself reprehensible of a rupture in international security. The ROK

firmly believes that focusing on the well-being of all parties and people involved rather than the individual

advancement of a country's domestic societies (which are often valued higher than all foreign societies-birthing a

superiority effect where domestic improvement is encouraged despite the problems it may cause for the rest of the

world) is not only a characteristic that should be expected from citizens to nations; but it’s the only path that leads to

peace.

South Korea clearly understands the difficulty in reducing undisclosed military testing globally. As South

Korea is the prime victim of the North Korean often undisclosed and globally unregulated military. Korea urges

modification of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 4th initiative in its fundamental objectives; in

order to maintain an effective plan in avoiding conflicts through accidental interference with rogue undisclosed

military testing. This initiative has specifically came up short in the Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)

approaches. ICAO Secretary General Dr. Fang Liu is well aware of the flaws in the system. After noting to her

executive audience that the air transport growth trend is a double in both air traffic flights and passenger volumes

every 15 years; she continues, “Sector growth cannot be permitted to negatively impact our key strategic

performance targets, and existing levels of aviation safety, efficiency, and environmental protection must continue to

improve, even as we expand”. Liu emphasizes the source of noncooperation within the ATFM system is the

preferential treatment of individual growth before international security. Therefore Korea stands behind the words of

Director-General of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, Kevin Shum, when he encourages the attending

governments “to build momentum and work towards introducing a global harmonized ATFM system states”.

Importantly, Korea sees the necessity of internationally binding protocol with collateral. As many nations will

continue to prioritize their economic advancement. ICAO also holds a critical role in the fight against terrorism.

ICAO’s current cautious approach against the technical and legal issues of criminal attacks against civil aviation is

negligent when regarding the fight on terror. It failed to approach the nature and scope of international terrorism.

This is largely seen in the incidents derived from the manipulation of obvious loopholes to the security network,

which is the main factor in an increase in stringent control standards. It should not take a major incident in order to

get preventative measures placed. This caused the international environment to be occupied with organizations that

can only be reactive, rather than proactive. The initial cause of this environment is that ICAO’s global standards are

minimal requirements hoping nations with higher threats will apply stiffer measures. However, many higher-risk


48

nations refuse to initiate stiffer measures in the defense of a high-speed and low-inconvenience travel. Korea firmly

believes in the implementation of stricter individual standards to be enforced on insecure nations. An additional risk

posed is the growth of disease transmission which leads to a significant opportunity for global epidemics; a direct

threat to both national and international security. South Korea recently experienced its own outbreak from May 2015

to June. The MERS virus infected 186 people with a death toll of 36(WHO). Clearly, the risks global of security

from these epidemics are incredibly present. In order to prevent this, the nations must receive adequate support in

any case an event occurs. A global support for the Collaborative Agreement for the Prevention and Management of

Public Health Events in Civil Aviation (CAPSCA) would provide the individual support needed in handling all

epidemics. The main reasons for a country’s refusal to join are: needed coordination of its state department, limited

human resources, limited financial support, and not considering CAPSCA a priority at this stage. In order to achieve

standardization across the world, Korea emphasizes each country values the immense international risk of security

in not becoming a member; and overcome or request support for issues impeding participation.

Through internationally binding protocols with collateral, accidents with undisclosed military activity can

be avoided. If stricter individual measures are applied by the ICAO, terrorism will heavily reduce. If each country

values the risk of not becoming a member, CAPSCA standardization will occur; causing increased stability in

epidemics. In general, Korea anticipates an increase of air travel confidence and an increase of global stability.


Another huge threat to global security is the prioritization of individual sector growth before the adoption

of positive environmental habits; causing more common and more dangerous disasters inspiring national and

international crisis. Historically the risk is clear, Foreign Minister Cho Tae-Yul emphasizes, “Last year, we saw

millions of people in the world devastated by another extreme flood in Thailand, coastal instability due to rising sea

levels in Tuvalu, severe droughts in Asia, and the worst cold snap in a quarter of a century in European countries…

the risks posed by the impacts of climate change...are real and have reached an intolerable level”. After already

clearly indicating the multitude of immense calamities caused by climate change, Cho Tae-Yul continues as he

highlights the major threat; “All these climate-induced risks, act as a ‘threat multiplier,’ exacerbating the social and

economic crisis in states and regions that are already fragile and prone to conflict”. These regions are also those

who would suffer the most from going green. Korea urges other well established nations to aid them in the fight for

higher global security from positive environmental habits. Additionally, Korea pushes for the active presence of

binding procedure in the fight against climate change.

As one of the earliest entities to endorse the Paris Climate Agreement, Korea fully supports protocol in any

matter deemed necessary for international security. Although one of the largest proponents in the fight against

climate change-South Korea’s longtime ally, The People’s Republic of China, and her closest ally, the United States

of America, stand as the world’s 1st and 2nd largest producers of greenhouse gases respectively. Additionally, the

Republic of Korea stands as the 9th largest producer. South Korea acknowledges the severity of the issue; despite

the country not being included with those who were required to start a carbon-tax, she adopted a carbon-tax policy

anyway-designed to reduce BAU carbon production by 30%.(It’s clear that the new policy will be burdensome

among the Korean companies which tend to be highly dependent on manufacturing, often incorporating an

extremely high production of carbon dioxide. Nevertheless, The Republic of Korea was not only willing to make

this sacrifice, but jumped at the opportunity and encouraged others to as well.

Critically, the nations who suffer the greatest threat of socioeconomic crisis due to poor environmental

habits are the same who refuse to adopt new environmental habits. These nations must prioritize the safety of both

domestic and foreign civilians, over the growth of individual sectors. In doing so, an increased level of global

stability will immerse; causing a stronger global economy and global cooperation needed to elevate third world

countries.


49

Delegation from: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia


Position Paper for General Assembly First Committee, Disarmament and International Security

The issues brought to the United Nations General Assembly First Committee include Improving Cooperation in

Airline Safety Policies and the Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia would

like to collaborate with other nations represented in the General Assembly’s First Committee to try and achieve

reasonable solutions to the aforementioned topics, while maintaining the sovereign right of each nation to manage

affairs in its own legitimate domain.


With the advent of aerial technology and the increasing congestion of global airspace, many new risks are posed to

global welfare and international relations. Since the United Nations was created, ensuring globally safe air travel

was one of its main goals. The United Nations has released multiple resolutions on the subject of airline safety,

notably Resolution 2309 (2016) and Resolution 2341 (2017), which encourage world governments to unite and

cooperate on this issue. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), long-distance air travel can have many

adverse effects on the traveler’s health and well-being. Diseases such as ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome

(SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are serious global health concerns and

have seen an increase in abundance throughout the last few years. The amazing ease with which air travel allows for

the international spread of infectious diseases is an important problem for the entire world to address. Recent

undeclared missile tests conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea violate International Civil

Aviation Organization (ICAO) regulations, which ask for all governments to announce such tests, create the chilling

possibility of the endangerment of civilian aircraft. The recent frequency of aerial terrorism and aerial terror strikes

pose a great risk to the security of air travel. There is a vital importance for the nations of the world to share all

information regarding plane departures in order to help combat the threat of terrorism. This is an issue that most

definitely requires the cooperation of all countries, in order to establish a more secure, peaceful, and healthy world.

The large amount of air traffic over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia incentivizes us to ensure compliance with

international guidelines. Our membership in the (ICAO) strengthens our convictions regarding the importance of

airline security internationally. The Saudi government believes strongly in anti-terrorism and has even taken steps to

quench terrorism where it is harboured and nurtured, by jointly blockading the State of Qatar. The Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia recognizes the clear risk of a nation so close to home embracing militant groups such as the Muslim

Brotherhood, al-Qaeda, and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Saudi Arabia has also asked other nations to

join us in our efforts in the past, leading to five more nations cutting diplomatic ties with such a dangerous entity.

Earlier this year, a ballistic missile was intercepted over the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s capital, Riyadh. It was by

an incredible stroke of luck that the missile did not hit any civilian aircraft. Following this event, the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia’s conviction that the dangerous threat of unannounced missile tests—or attacks, should be tempered by

a global sharing of information on irregularities in airspace. The deadly disease MERS-CoV, first identified in Saudi

Arabia, has a 60% mortality rate. This is a serious public health issue and its potential spread by air travel worries

the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The delegation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia asks the General Assembly to respect each nation’s sovereignty

in their own airline safety policies while recognizing the need for all nations to come together to crush the danger of

terrorism. As per United Nations Resolution 2309, the right of any State to hold sovereignty over its airspace and its

political independence is reaffirmed. Each State is expected to act within the ICAO to establish and strengthen

international airspace guidelines while maintaining sovereignty over their own airspace guidelines. The Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia requests from each nation a formal embargo and a complete end to any diplomatic ties to the State of

Qatar to further this end and to promote aerial safety. The nations of the world must come together and show a

complete renunciation of any and all ties and connections to terrorism or the threat it poses to international airline

security in order to promote a more secure and peaceful world. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia also asks that the

world’s nations share all information on airspaces in order to help missiles or other possible abnormalities in

airspace in order to help intercept such dangers before civilian air travel can be affected. Finally, the Kingdom of

Saudi Arabia would like to see an increased awareness in the risk of spreading infectious diseases by air among the

general public of the world, to help create a healthier environment globally.


50


With climate change already progressing, it is critical that it is addressed on a global level, as it affects many

instances of global and international security. With the gradual rise in sea levels, important port cities that facilitate

international trade will be flooded, along with the many settlements built around them. According to the United

Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR), 2.3 billion people have been affected by flooding from 1995

to 2015, and flooding has accounted for 47% of all meteorological disasters since 1995. In the time between 2005 to

2014, the number of people affected by flooding increased almost four-fold compared to the previous decade.

Natural disasters such as hurricanes and other storms will be strengthened, causing great economic and human

damage. Storms are the deadliest meteorological disaster, killing more than two-hundred thousand people in about

twenty years. Climate change further increases floods and storms and causes serious security issues for much of the

world’s population. Changing climate patterns disruptive to agriculture, such as droughts and increasingly

unpredictable precipitation, will become more frequent. Earlier this year a 51℃ heatwave hit northern India, causing

more than 1,400 fatalities. These patterns also contribute seriously to sociopolitical problems, such as the Syrian

Civil War. This will create a serious imbalance in much of the world’s economy. Action has been taken in the past

to combat both climate change and its disastrous effects, the most notable of which is the Paris Agreement.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia plans to uphold the Paris Agreement on climate change by reducing the carbon

footprint of its oil companies. The delegation of Saudi Arabia realizes that in 2013 alone, Saudi Arabia emitted

18.08 metric tons of CO2 per capita, and that the contribution CO2 emissions offer to the Greenhouse Effect lead to

many of the devastating effects of climate change. However, the delegation also acknowledges that complete

decarbonization by 2050 is not realistic. For this reason, Saudi Arabia has been researching ways to integrate

renewable energy with fossil fuels and research possible ways to reduce the harmful impact of carbon emissions by

reinserting them into the ground. Recalling the flash floods from two years ago and the tragic casualties that

followed, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia supports and affirms the importance of taking preventive action against

natural disasters caused by climate change in order to increase global security and to avoid the tragic consequences

as much as possible.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia respects national sovereignty and asks that each country be allowed to establish its

own contingency protocol on the basis of climate, geography, and population distribution. The delegation of Saudi

Arabia recognizes that the nature of such contingencies is highly dependent upon many other factors and realizes

that it would be impractical and unrealistic for the United Nations to attempt to install a blanket program for all

countries. On the other hand, as per international disasters spurred by climate change, such as the Syrian Civil War

and its ensuing refugee crisis, the delegation from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia asks for strengthening of refugee

commitments on a national level. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recognizes that each nation has different economic,

social, and political situations that may affect their ability to properly aid the refugees, and insists that a blanket

solution will only worsen the situation by forcing refugees into countries unable to support them to an acceptable

level. Only if national sovereignty is respected and each nation is allowed to decide for itself the best possible

solution will the horrid effects of climate change be best avoided.


51

Delegation from: Spain

Represented by: St. Vincent-St. Mary High School

Position paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International

Security (GA1 DISEC)

The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and international

Security are: Improving cooperation in airline safeties and the impact of climate change on

global security. Spain is devoted and dedicated in improving the cooperation of airline safeties

and fixing the impact of climate change on global security.Spain is devoted and dedicated in

improving the cooperation of airline safeties and fixing the impact of climate change on global

security.

I. Improving cooperation in airline safety policies

Airline safety Has been at risk for many years and affects everyone in the world. The first plane

was invented on December 17, 1903, that was exactly 114 years ago. Since then there has been

modifications and improvements but there is always room for more. The majority of the

population travels by air at some point in their life and that is why it is so important to ensure

airline safety. The main things that poses a threat to airline safety are terrorist attacks,

unannounced military tests and global epidemics. The most urgent issue that needs to be

combatted by all means is terrorist attacks on aviation. Terrorist attacks on aviation have been

around for many decades but has barely shown any improvements or differences, this needs to

change. For something so life threatening , a plan needs to be formulated that tackles this issue.

The nation of spain stands strongly in support of combatting this issue and reducing these risks.

Spain is devoted on coming up with a plan that suffices both underdeveloped and developed

nations.

Spain, along with other members of the European Union have actively been working on

improving the cooperation of their airline safety. The EU has been working in conjunction with

ICAO to improve safety with technology and regulations. Spain is also apart of the “2015

aviation strategy” which prepares the EU aviation system for the challenges of the future. Spain

has also made it their duty to ensure they are up to date with their policies and ready for any type

of threat. The EU is sometimes the target of terrorism so spain does everything in its power to

prevent a disaster from happening. Spain also has programs in place that if an attack occurs they

can monitor it and combat it as soon as possible. Spain continuously takes precautions and

because of that there has been an reduction in the number of attacks that happen.

Spain recognizes that every country suffers from terrorist attacks and epidemics. The delegation

of spain believes that we need to formulate a plan that has short term and long term effects and

goals. Spain has formulated a plan “serts” that will suffice everyone's needs. “Serts” will

primarily focus on Education, Technology and improvement on existing laws. This plan will

ensure safety for both undeveloped and developed nations. It will aid the less developed nations

with the technology and funding they need to ensure security on their aviation. This plan will


52

also aid developed nations by making sure they continue to improve and utilize all their

resources.

II. The impact of climate change on Global Security

Climate change is a pressing issue that affects everyone worldwide. It should not be taken lightly

or pushed aside, it needs to be everyone's main focus. Climate change actively poses as a threat

towards Global security for various reasons. One of them being that climate change affects our

basic necessities such as water, food and shelter. Global Warming, natural disasters, rising sea

levels and etc. causes food and water scarcity. When this occurs it further results in migration

due to the lack of resources. This then further results into a crisis of refugees and if there are

enough resources to suffice everyone. Migration causes overpopulation which then leads to

limited water, political instability and much more. Climate change has a major effect on the

economy. We need to all come together to come up with solutions to ensure Global security.

Spain is in full support of reducing climate change and ensuring Global Security.

Spain has been working continuously to slow the progress of climate change. Spain is a signatory

along with 195 countries on the Paris Climate Agreement. Spain is also apart of the kyoto

protocol and has been working on reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. Even though spain has

been suffering from an economic crisis it still continues to work towards a future with cleaner

energy. Spain has created a lot of policies that tackle this issue such as “The Spanish Strategy of

Climate Change and Clean Energy” which was put into place in 2007 and is expected to run until

2020. The aim of this policy is to reduce greenhouse gases, promote research, educate the

Spanish population, reduce energy consumption, and encourage the development of clean

energies. Spain has done much more to try and slow down the progress of climate change.

What countries fail to realize is we have little control over climate change. The only thing we

can do is slow down the process. Climate change affects everyone as a whole but in different

ways. There are a lot of plans in place right now but spain believes we need to improve these

plans and do more. Spain proposes all countries focus on the educational aspect of this all. The

delegation of spain believes people need to understand the climate and why it is changing and

how they personally affect it . Spain believes we need to primarily focus on reducing greenhouse

gases . Spain has formulated a plan that not only has short term goals but also long term. This

plan covers everything and has a solution for any occurrence that might take place. An important

part of this plan is that it is ongoing and always improving.This plan benefits both developed and

undeveloped nations and ensures global security. This plan will also ensure that each country has

economic growth. We all need to work together to slow down the progress of climate change.


53

Delegation from: Kingdom of Rwanda (Sweden)

Represented by: Westlake High School



and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Sweden is devoted to impo

I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies.

The Kingdom of Sweden highly supports consolidating and coordinating international policies

and safety practices relating to air transportation safety. As a member of the European Union

and the EASA, Sweden seeks to unify European laws and regulations to fit the needs of all

members. Sweden believes that the same can be done for the entire world.

Sweden has been at the forefront of tracking airplane incidents and has shown incredibly

transparency in its efforts. Sweden cannot be alone in this data collection. Other nations must

do the same in order to find weak points on which to cooperate on.

Sweden supports all international actors who seek to improve cooperation in airline safety,

including the European Union and International Civil Aviation Organization. Through these

efforts, passengers, the airlines themselves, and nations will all benefit.

Sweden considers it to be a joint responsibility of the global aviation community to support

States that have difficulties or are unable to establish sustainable safety oversight systems.

Sweden is engaged in a number of technical assistance and cooperation initiatives aimed at

promoting aviation safety globally and regionally in conjunction with the EU.

Sweden seeks to establish agreements with major aeronautical nations around the world, with

bilateral agreements entered into the United States of America, Canada and Brazil in conjunction

with the EU.

If these improvements in cooperation are not implemented, Sweden fears that its citizens may be

harmed in unsafe airlines, or put into dangerous situations.


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II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Kingdom of Sweden believes that climate change poses a security risk to every country. For

developed nations like Sweden, it poses a risk in the form of climate refugees who will increase

in number as an extreme climate causes crops to fail and political instability to rise.

Sweden strongly supports accepting these refugees in; however, Sweden recognizes there is an

inherent risk in letting many people in at once. In addition, Sweden’s infrastructure is incapable

of supporting refugees in great numbers that may come from climate change. Therefore, Sweden

asks that these refugees be split and sent to other developed nations if Sweden finds that it has

reached its limit of refugees to accept. The UN High Commission for Refugees will have to

work in conjunction with the General Assembly to help with such an issue.

Sweden also fears flooding of low-lying areas around Northern Europe and the Baltic. These

disasters may cost billions and take away homes and livelihoods. The increasingly unstable

situation in nations around this area due to extremist right-wing politics will only compound if

this flooding occurs. Climate change must be faced head-on to ensure that the situation does not

get out of hand.

Sweden urges nations to join the Paris Agreement such that this type of crisis can be mollified

and potentially averted. If climate change is not averted, then all nations will face its

repercussions.


55

Delegation from: The Kingdom of Thailand

Represented by: Solon High School

Position Paper for the United Nations Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC)

The issues placed before the Disarmament and International Security Committee are Improving

Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Regarding

airline safety policies, the Kingdom of Thailand has taken action to improve the quality of the safety of its

airlines, efforts which has been recognized the International Civil Aviation Organization. The Kingdom

of Thailand is, additionally, gravely concerned about the impact of climate change and notes that it has

taken domestic strides to reduce climate change with hopes for the global expansion of this movement.


Since the dawn of aviation, concerns over the safety of flying thousands of miles in the air have been

justifiably evident. As an increasingly globally aware population accelerates its interaction with areas

around the world, the demand for fast, easy, and most importantly, safe air travel has dramatically grown.

Civil aviation is projected to play an increasingly crucial role in the economic and social developments of

Thailand as both regional and international tourism is estimated to expand in the future along with the

value of Thailand as a global supply chain distributor. Thus, Thailand is thoroughly invested in the

evolution of its airlines and looks to deepen its relationship with the international aviation community.

The Kingdom of Thailand became a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) in

1947 and holds great pride in hosting the ICAO Asia and Pacific Office in Bangkok since 1955. Thailand

is also currently home to thirty-eight airports with six of them managing major international flights.

However, Thailand does recognize that in January of 2015, it was marked with a Significant Safety

Concern (SSC) over Aircraft Operation which stated that Air Operator Certificates must be reissued under

stricter guidelines. Since then, Thailand has taken action by first separating the Department of Civil

Aviation into the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) and the Department of Airports (DOA).

CAAT has resolved to partake in the AOC certification program by preparing new regulations for

international aircraft operators, employ highly knowledgeable staff and collaborate with experts from

foreign organizations to evaluate the reissuing of the AOC certifications. Thailand has also resolved to

improve its safety policies under the ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) and will

observe the continuing developments of the ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP).

Thailand strongly believes that the future of civil aviation must be grounded in the form of comprehensive

international collaboration and the formation of lasting relationships. This will be achieved with countries

redesigning their safety procedure around the general forum of ICAO. However, Thailand wishes to

express its focus on airline pilots themselves as they are the most crucial component of a safe flight both

domestically and internationally. This would include the instruction, regulation and maintenance of highly

skilled and globally aware pilots in all nations. Thus, Thailand proposes that the Disarmament and

International Security Committee expands its discussion on Airline Safety Policies in ICAO with a focus

on the instruction of airline pilots.


Ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, climate change has been a prevalent obstacle of an

otherwise guiltless path of human evolution. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate


56

Change (IPCC), Southeast Asia is one of the two most vulnerable regions in the world to effects of

climate change. The Kingdom of Thailand, with a projected population of more than 1,000,000 by 2028,

is particularly vulnerable to extreme precipitation. Especially since the majority of Thailand are rural

farmers, with the country leading the global production of rice. Thailand has been heavily affected by

deforestation, air pollution, droughts, floods, tsunamis and deficient water resource management. Thus,

the Kingdom of Thailand recognizes that the prognosis of further Thai national development must be

alongside the environmental conservation movement.

Domestically, the Kingdom of Thailand has generated the majority of its energy with natural gas, as

opposed to coal and oil, starting as early as the 1980s. In 2005, 72% of Thailand’s electrical energy was

powered by natural gas. In 2012, the government of Thailand initiated its Climate Change Master Plan of

2012 to 2050 with general goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sustainably developing low

carbon growth of the economy. However, Thailand has also contributed beyond domestic borders,

becoming a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in

1995 and becoming a signatory of the UNFCCC in 2000. This required Thailand to report its inventory of

greenhouse gases between 2000 to 2004 to the organization, stated in its Second National Communication

under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. In 2015, Thailand

submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC, pledging a 20-30

percent reduction of natural gases by 2030. The INDC also outlined plans to promote road-to-rail shift for

both freight and passenger transport, initiate a vehicle tax scheme based on CO2 emission, create

sustainable waste management, promote power generation from waste-to-energy technologies and is

studying the potential to reduce carbon emission in the forest sector through the REDD+ Readiness.

Thailand evidently takes its environmental conservatism efforts very seriously and is looking to expand

support globally.

Thailand recognizes that the future of the world must be sustainable; as humankind progresses, so should

humanity’s care of its home. As the Kingdom of Thailand is well aware of the environmental effects of

climate change within its borders, it looks to a global agreement between countries in order to collectively

take action in order to initiate global change. This must first happen domestically in individual countries

in which Thailand suggests the development of a clear plan to achieve both short and long term goals as

exhibited in Thailand’s INDC with a focus on vehicle regulation. Short term goals would include raising

sufficient funds in order to implement such measures such as the promotion of car to train transport and a

vehicle tax based on CO2 emissions. Long term goals would be to reduce global greenhouse emissions

through the establishment of low-carbon growth. Additionally, within the United Nations, the Kingdom

of Thailand strongly recommends that all countries adapt the Paris agreement of 2015 with a culture of

accountability in the terms outlined in the agreement: prevent global temperatures from rising 2°C and the

providence of assistance to developing countries.


57

Delegation from: Uganda

Represented by: St. Edward's High School

The issues put forth to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and

International Security (GA1 DISEC) are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and

The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Uganda firmly believes in the cooperation to

address the global war on terrorism and the effects of climate change.

Position Paper to the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament, and International

Security (GA1 DISEC)


Flight has been one of the greatest accomplishments in human history. Distances that

used to take days, weeks or even months to traverse can now be traveled in mere hours.

However, a dangerous menace lurks in our skies. This, of course, is terrorism. In 2014, the

United States of America warned Uganda of a specific threat to one of its airports. Although

Uganda has dealt with and is currently dealing with terrorism. The Lord’s Resistance Army has

plagued the north, destroying villages, and killing children. We must stop them from possibly

hijacking an airplane and crashing it, ala 9/11. In 2010, a suicide bomber killed 70 people, and

injured four more.

Uganda has showed its continuous support to address these issues. This is further seen in

the history of the country of Uganda, as the country has successfully passed not one, but two

anti-terrorism bills. These are the Anti-Terrorism act in 2002 and the Terrorist act of 2003. From

these bills, Uganda further shows its support for tougher punishments. Uganda, throughout

history has sought to bring harsher punishments about terrorism, as noted in its support for

current United Nations Resolutions against terrorism. The country of Uganda, as seen in these

openly supported bills believes that we take a tougher stance regarding terrorism.

Uganda fully believes in doing whatever it takes to stop terrorism. In fact, in

collaboration with member states, the United Nations should take more steps to punish terrorists,

including capital punishment. Many countries, such as Saudi Arabia, do not agree with punishing

terrorists as harshly. Many member states believe this, and further enlist and fund terrorists to

achieve their nefarious goals. These member states should be held responsible for their actions

within the United Nations. It is imperative to stop these evil countries. However, with the

cooperation of the global community, Uganda believes that we can collaborate with member to

halt terrorism and stops its negative effects on the world.


58

I. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security

It is impossible to overstate the effects of climate change. It has destroyed lives, and

dampens the quality of life of countless others. It is possibly the greatest threat that humanity has

ever faced. In trying times such as these, it is imperative that the United Nations band together to

stop this. Uganda’s climate is extremely susceptible to flooding and drought. While this may

seem like an environmental crisis, this is also an economic crisis. Flooding and drought

contribute to the current economic and political issues. This is because when an environment

becomes inhospitable, migrants flood the surrounding areas, and bring hard economic times to

the surrounding areas. Hard economic times bring about crime. This leads to increased murder

rates and gang violence within the country. Climate change has also annihilated many of the

coffee farms within Uganda and around the world. This shows that climate change does not

merely have a geographic effect but also an economic effect. This is even more reason that the

United Nations must ban together to stop climate change.

Uganda has supported resolutions and endeavors to subdue this issue. This is seen both

within the country’s own policies, including its development of a national strategy that educates

the general population about the effects of climate change. This policy will help provide

guidance and support while helping the country adapt to the changes that are coming to our

rapidly changing ecosystem. From this knowledge, Uganda has shown its support for climate

change.

Uganda can’t solve this alone. It will take a global effort to stop carbon dioxide emissions

and the persistent effects of climate change on global security. Cooperation between member

states is essential, as all countries must band together to stop what may be the greatest threat that

humanity has ever faced. Furthermore, Uganda also believes in the promotion of education.

Educating the public will further support positive endeavors that seek to diminish this current

issue. As member states realize how their respected country individually effects climate change,

respected country can further work to solve these issues. Uganda is confident that member states

will agree with the country of Uganda and join the fight about climate change. The only people

who don’t with climate change legislation, are those who aren’t educated about it. Once the

public is educated, they will support climate change. This will lead to more economic growth,

and less crime. This, outside of supporting the planet, is a huge reason to support climate change

legislation. Ecological legislation will also be a lead a rapid economic growth, as this is often

overlooked. This is one of the main reasons why Uganda urges all member states to fight this

threat and current issue. Economic, ecological and education focused legislation will bring about

economic prosperity and a cleaner, safer, and secure earth.


59

Delegation from: Ukraine


Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee


and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. Ukraine is dedicated to the continued

improvement of security for all nations and to the safety of their citizens. The Ukraine expresses

its profound hope that the sovereign states of the United Nations can work together to achieve an

agreement that is mutually beneficial for the security of all parties.


As a member of the International Civil Aviation Organization and having experienced a

relatively recent aviation tragedy, Ukraine is highly supportive of the drive to create

comprehensive and coherent standards for airline safety. To this end, Ukraine supports increased

airport security and regulation of military activity in civilian airspace. Furthermore, Ukraine

recognizes the role that airlines have played as vectors for disease and approves of efforts to

ensure that passengers do not spread disease across the world.

Ukraine has had several unique and notable events occur in its recent history with regards to the

safety and security of aviation. Perhaps most significant was the downing of Malaysian Airlines

Flight 17 by a Russian Nationalist Terrorist Group operating near the Ukraine-Russia border.

This tragedy resulted in the deaths of all 15 crew members and 283 passengers. Additionally,

Ukraine has experienced recent conflict with Russian Nationalist Groups who have sought to

usurp control of Ukrainian airports near the Ukraine-Russian Border. Due to the aforementioned

issues, Ukraine is an adamant proponent of ensuring that similar tragedies do not occur in the

Ukraine or in its allied states, and that the security of airports is of paramount importance.

Ukraine is also aware of the possible threat posed by the transmission of diseases via air traffic.

While Ukraine has been less affected than certain other countries by the spread of tropical

diseases due to its remote location and dispersed population, the Delegation of Ukraine

empathizes with the victims of recent disease outbreaks and will do everything in its power to

help stop the spread of these illnesses.

Because of recent events in Ukraine and around the world, the Delegation of Ukraine will seek to

improve airline security with more thorough passenger checking, strengthening the existing

ICAO regulations, and by acting against extremist groups across the world. More specifically,

Ukraine hopes to halt the ability of terrorist groups to pose a threat to aircraft through reducing

and someday halting illegal arms trafficking with the cooperation of United Nations member

states and the Security Council. Furthermore, the Delegation of Ukraine looks to work with

major airlines to develop a plan so that major flight paths can avoid border regions experiencing

conflicts with minimal expense to the airlines or average passengers. Regarding the transmission

of disease, Ukraine seeks to halt the spread of disease while maintaining the rights of world

travelers to their health, safety, and comfort. Ukraine expresses its belief that the sovereign

states of the United Nations can and will come together to solve these issues.


60


The Delegation of Ukraine recognizes the extremely important role that climate change has

played in the evolving global security concerns of the twenty-first century. The potential threats

of increasing temperature, droughts, and rising seas, have many nations rightfully concerned.

Such issues could have a huge effect on the world’s political and economic well being, as well

as, most importantly, representing a significant threat to countless millions of people across the

globe. This threat could result in a huge amount of refugees fleeing from unfavorable conditions

and disasters related to dramatic climate change. It is important that the United Nation develop a

plan of action for dealing with these consequences to ensure that the world’s nations are able to

act unified to deal with the situation and minimize damage to property and human life.

Ukraine is geographically and economically well situated for global warming. Being a very

northern country with a large agricultural industry, Ukraine stands to benefit from the increased

temperature and longer growing season which would result from global warming. Despite this,

Ukraine hopes to be very active in the search for solutions to global climate change and risk it

poses to hot, arid nations and low lying countries.

In order deal with global climate change, the most immediate and obvious challenge is to slow

the process of global warming. The Paris Climate Accord dealt with many of those issues most

prominent problems, but with the recent withdrawal of the United State, a nation that is a huge

producer of carbon emissions, it is clear that the current arrangement must be revised if not

redesigned. To this end, the Delegation of Ukraine supports a more effective environmental

organization within the United Nations which would be agreeable to the needs of its member

states. Such an organization could be designed in such a way that it could offer incentives and

alternative methods of energy or industry to nations with the largest carbon footprints without

infringing upon their rights. Furthermore, the United Nations must be able to solve the potential

issue of millions of refugees from countries affected by climate change. Today’s situation with

Syrian refugees offers several examples of how international policies and individual nations have

proved to be woefully unprepared to deal with a large influx of refugees. The Delegation of

Ukraine hopes to create a coherent plan for dealing with large amounts of refugees in the

upcoming decades which would contain suggestions for how each country should accept and vet

these immigrants and successfully integrate them in a way that creates economic well-being and

growth for both refugees and nations alike.


61

UK – GA1-WRA

Position paper on topic A: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policy:

With the rapid betterment of the aviation industry regarding quality and cost-effectiveness of

air travelling, airplanes have gradually become the most preferred choice for people when it comes to

travelling long distances. Subsequently, as the number of aircrafts occupying the sky daily sky-rocketed,

it is significant to ensure the safety and integrity of these vehicles, as well as millions of people travelling

inside them, bearing in mind that any unfortunate incidents happening to these aircrafts could possibly

result in tragic consequences, in terms of economic, infrastructure and humanitarian. Additionally, it is

also of great importance to remember that air-travelling disasters can occur at any given time, any

locations and under any circumstances. For instance, the recent suicide bombing in two airports in

Brussels, Belgium on the morning of 22nd March, 2016 have left 32 civilians deaths and 300 hundred

others injured. Bombing incidents also took place in the United States and Turkey, which resulted in

serious civilian casualties. Other factors also hold potential for catastrophe, which can be exemplified by

the series of undisclosed missiles test of North Korea, or the shoot-down Malaysian Airline flight MH-17

over Ukraine on 17th July, 2014. Not only these disastrous incidents left people with great loss, pain and

terror, they also create the feeling of discomfort and unsafety within passengers when opting airplanes

as their means of transportation. Furthermore, on a more political scale, the airline accidents are

indicative of the inability of authorities and officials responsible of this issue to fulfill their missions,

which can appear advantageous to terrorist groups and fuel their forth coming attempts. Therefore,

answers to the questions regarding international aviation security is being pressingly demanded.

Recognizing the potential harm towards the global security and the well-being of people of air

accidents, governments and organizations worldwide have taken steps to ensuring the safety of air

travel. Most conspicuously, the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) by

the United Nations in 1944, has been of significant support in maintaining airline safety. ICAO is an

international organization that is constituted of 192 member states, which goal is managing and

regulating the Convention of International Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) signed on 7th

December 1944. In cooperation with 192 signatories and other aviation groups, the ICAO has adopted

the Standards and Recommended Practices, under Article 37 of the Convention of International Civil

Aviation, with a view to attaining the highest possible conformity in standards and procedures regarding

aircrafts, personnel airways and auxiliary services, bearing in mind that the achievement of the

aforementioned qualities will allow easier, more effective and safe air travelling. Utilized by national and

private airliners, the SARPs so far has proven its effectiveness in maintaining airline safety, ensuring the

integrity of over 100000 flights every day. Additionally, apart from working to form a reach the

uniformity between its member states on the SARPs, the ICAO also serves as a coordinate assistant to

states regarding the improvement of their capacity and ability in air navigation, developing multilfaceted

strategies in achieving safety and ease in aviation, overseeing the observation of measurements and

procedural rules of states, as well as conducting audits of state’s abilities to supervising abilities in the

safety and security aspects of air travelling.

The tremendous number of passengers taken to the sky daily has made civil aviation one of the

most preferred targets for terrorists to commit their acts of crime. Recent incidents such as but not


62

limited to the suicide bombing in airports in Belgium and Turkey, a shoot-down of the Malaysian airline

flight MH-17 over the sky of Ukraine, a Russian plane get bombed over Sinai and an aircraft bombed in

Somalia has indicated the equal level of risk of terrorism that passengers face when opting for air

travelling. Recognizing the enormous threat that terrorism poses towards civil aviation, the international

community has gone to great lengths in developing and consolidating joint preventative measurements.

The provision in chapter 8, Annex 13)of the ICAO required the establishment of mandatory occurrence

(or incidence) reporting system (MORs) to allow more effortless gathering and analysis on actual or

potential threats to civil aviation. In addition to the MORs, ICAO further required national and private

the implementation of safety management system (SMS) from airliners worldwide, which will enable

highly effective collection, recording of data, as well as timely and accurate actions and feedbacks

generation of operational hindrance. In July 2017, the Counter-Terrorism Committee, a sub-committee

of the Security Council hosted a special meeting that allow discussions on the problem of terrorism

threatening the safety of international aviation. With the participations of numerous member states, the

meeting aimed at achieving the betterment of current safety precautions “such as explosive detection

and new cargo rules, as well as new challenges, such as cybercrime and ‘porous airport perimeters’.”

The Security Council has also made considerable contribution to the international effort of

maintaining the safety of civil aviation. Resolution S/RES/2309 passed on 22nd December 2016 aimed at

preventing potential terrorist incidents at airports, urged the governments to develop and apply

effective measurements of safety such as but not limited to: reinforcing security screening procedures

and bring into use technological devices in the detection of explosives and other threats. Resolution

S/RES/2341, issued on 13rd February 2017 concerned about the betterment, as well as the protection

and integrity of critical infrastructural facilities in dealing with terrorist threats towards international civil

aviation. The aspects of intelligence must also be taken under advisements for its significance in

ensuring air-line safety. Jean-Paul Laborde, Executive Director of the UN Counter-Terrorism Committee

Executive Directorate voiced his concerns over the vitality of able countries to gather and share

“advance passenger information (API) to detect the departure from, entry into, or transit through their

territories of individuals on the Al-Qaida sanctions list.” Nonetheless, the complexity of such tasks has

only been overcome by 57 countries, which indicates a considerable challenge of this approach towards

terrorist threats to civil aviation.

As one of the members included in the Council of the ICAO, as well as one of the 11 States of

chief importance in air transport of the Council, the United Kingdom realizes its responsibilities in

actively and enthusiastically contributing to the international effort of ensuring safety of civil aviation. In

1972, the UK established the Civil Aviation Authority, a statutory, public cooperation tasked with the

supervision and regulations of all aspects related to civil aviation in the United Kingdom. Specializing in

the regulation of aviation, CAA works to guarantee the adherence and execution of standards of

aviation, the well-being and benefits of passengers, the effectiveness in air space usage, the

environmental issues, and most importantly, the management and prevention of the risks facing the

aviation industry. The organization is responsible for regulating airports and airlines to ensure their

compliance and observation to international standards, and take actions against failure to adhere to

such rules and regulations. The UK has also adapted the Mandatory Occurrence Reporting System and

strongly encourage its citizen to contributes any incidents that might pose potential threats to the

aircrafts, the occupants or any other person… (Exceeded Page Limit)


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Delegation from: Socialist Republic of Vietnam


Committee: General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security

(GA1 DISEC)

Presented to the General Assembly are the issues of how to Improve Cooperation in Airline

Safety Policies and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Socialist Republic of

Vietnam is willing and eager to work with other countries in order to find a way to address these

issues and find effective solutions.


The Socialist Republic of Vietnam joined the United Nations in 1945 and joined the International

Civil Aviation Organization in the year 1980. They have been an active part of the UN and the

ICAO for many years and feel that airline safety is an important issue. The Socialist Republic of

Vietnam has recently made big advances in airline safety and were recognized for our strides in

ICAO Council President Dr. Olumuyiwa Benard Aliu. Our country takes airline safety seriously

and would love to help other countries meet all eight of the standards set by the ICAO.

The International Civil Aviation Organization, is a special agency of the United Nations and they

have already have a plan in place as to what airline safety policies should be. These policies are

outlined in the 2017-2019 Global Aviation Safety Plan. This plan includes eight different areas

of safety regulations and a short term, mid-term, and long-term goals of where countries should

be. By the end of 2017, the hope that all states have at least a 60% EI (Effective Implementation)

for all eight of these policies and have mechanisms for sharing safety information. By 2022, they

hope that all states have 100% EI for the policies and mature regional monitoring and safety

management programmes. Finally, the by year 2028, they hope that all states have met all safety

policy standards.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam has already met the majority of these standards and would

love to see other countries to meet these standards meet them as well so airline safety can be

improved throughout the globe. As a way of doing this, Vietnam calls on countries who have

already met the ICAO standards to provide funding to poorer countries that do not have the

money to implement the ICAO standards on their own. This will allow all countries to reach the

short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals set by the ICAO.

II. The Impact of Climate Change on Social Security

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam views climate change as a very serious issue and believes that

it can have a very serious impact on our society if not taken care of. The sea level in Vietnam has

rose over 20 cm in the last 50 years and the Mekong Delta in Vietnam is one of three deltas in

the world that are most prone to the water level rising. Vietnam also believes that climate change

has serious effects for social security. Due to this and many other factors, the Socialist Republic

of Vietnam is very determined to be able to combat climate change and is eager to work with

other United Nation countries to work to end climate change.


64

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam plans to combat climate change in the country by doing the

following. First, Vietnam pledges to cut down on its greenhouse emission and to work

implement more low-carbon energy sources. The country also aims to provide more education on

the topic of climate change so the public knows what they can do in their life to prevent climate

change. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam also pledges improve their forests, to encourage

vegetation, and to have 45% increase of forest coverage by the year 2020. The Socialist Republic

of Vietnam hopes to be an industrial country by the year 2025 and sees finding low-carbon

energy as a step in achieving this goal.

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam signed the Paris Agreement on April 22, 2016 and it was

approved by the Vietnamese government on November 3, 2016. The country has worked hard to

meet all parts of the Paris Agreement, including keeping the global temperature from rising more

than 2 degrees Celsius. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam calls up the 27 countries who have not

yet ratified the agreement to do so. This will allow all country members of the United Nations to

truly work together to stop climate change. This goal is a daunting one, but Vietnam believes that

if all countries come together, it can be done.


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VENEZUELA – WRA Position Paper for the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security The issues before the General Assembly, First Committee, Disarmament and International Security are: Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies; and The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is committed to improve global cooperation in Airline safety and to help the world adapt to changes in climate. I. Improving Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies As travel throughout the world increases on land , in the sea , and in the air travel seems to become much easier and simpler. It would take you 41 straight non stop hours to get from New york City to Los Angeles in car but in a plane you could do that in just 5 hours. Planes seem to make life much easier across the world but they are also very dangerous as seen in the United States on 9/11 they can also be used for weapons. The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is working to Improve Cooperation in Airline Safety Policies recently there was however an airport shooting this was not on any planes but in the airport itself. Venezuela’s airports have not had any problems with terrorist attacks on planes or trying to hijack a plane against terrorism Venezuela does a very good job. In the airport itself there’s a different story however we are working to improve the safety in the airport. II. The Impact of Climate Change on Global Security Climate change is having a huge problem on global security, rising sea levels , earthquakes , hurricanes , and other natural disasters are occurring more frequently and this is because of changing climate. These disasters have had an effect on people and has displaced many persons and these people need a place to go and Venezuela is here to help taken in over 35 thousands displaced persons. Venezuela also has the second most oil in reserve so if a natural disaster were to occur in Venezuela they would be ready and able to help all that need help. This is why Venezuela is cable and ready if any disaster would occur.

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