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Lovely institute of management

Assignment

OfResearch Methodology

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Shukhwinder arora Ravi Kant

A-15

11004837
http://www.lpu.in/index.php#term


2/13

Problem definition: - Empirical study of expenditure pattern of students of lovely professional university

Objective: - 1) Identify the expenditure pattern of the student.

2) Identify the factor which affects the expenditure pattern of the student.

Research Methodology

Research Design:

I am conducting research on the expenditure pattern of the LPU student in which problem and objectives are defined so this is a descriptive research

in which we to find out the relationship between the variables.

POPULATION:

The purpose of the research is to identify the expenditure pattern of the student and identify the factor which affects the expenditure of the students.

Because I am conducting research on expenditure patter of LPU students so the population of my research is the student of LPU.

SAMPLING METHOD

In this research, we will use the convenient sampling. The convenient sampling is one in which the researcher according to his convenience collects

the data regarding to his research from various respondent.

SAMPLING ELEMENT

The sampling elements are those who are the respondents of my research.

SAMPLE SIZE

Sampling size refers to the number of respondent to be selected from the population to constitute a sample. This is the major problem before the

researcher. The size of the sample should neither be excessively large nor too small; it should be and must be the true representatives of the

population. Thats why I take 100 respondents for my research.

AREA OF STUDY:

My research is regarding to the expenditure of the LPU student to the area of my study is whole campus of lovely Professional University.

Sources of data: - In this research I study the primary and secondary data.

Primary data:

Questionnaire

Secondary data:

Books

Journals/articles

Newspapers

Internet websites

Hypothesis: - In this technique we take the two assumptions null and alternative on following.

H0: - Factor does not affect the expenditure of student.

H1: - Factor is affecting the expenditure of student.


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Data analysis technique: -

Factor analysis

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .702

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 775.487

df 325

Sig. .000

Interpretation: - These item shows that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test. The KMO measures the sampling adequacy which

should be greater than 0.5 for a satisfactory factor analysis to proceed. Looking at the table below, the KMO measure is 0.702 From the same table,we can see that the Bartlett's test of sphericity is significant is 775.487. That is, its associated probability is 0.00. In fact, it is actually 325. This means

that the correlation matrix is not an identity matrix.

Communalities

Initial ExtractionHow much amount do you spend on the stationary 1 0.442

How much amount do you spend on the Cloths 1 0.707

How much amount do you spend on the Food 1 0.84How much amount do you spend on the Cell phone bills

1 0.662How much amount do you spend on the Travelling 1 0.499How much amount do you spend on the Entertainment

1 0.677How much amount do you spend on the Cosmetics 1 0.757

How much amount do you spend on the Health 1 0.499

How much amount do you spend on the Sports item 1 0.682How much amount do you spend on the Personal expense

1 0.759How much amount do you spend on the Smoking 1 0.824

How much amount do you spend on the Drinking 1 0.818

How much amount do you spend on room rent 1 0.682How much amount do you spend on styling 1 0.632

How much amount do you spend on internet connection

1 0.659How much amount do you spend academic purpose 1 0.558

My expenditure are influenced by latest market trends 1 0.499My expenditure are influenced by my friends decisions 1 0.584

My expenditure are influenced by availability of money 1 0.623My expenditure are influenced due to social status 1 0.768My expenditure are influenced by advertisement of the products

1 0.642My expenditure are influenced by the various occasions(like festival,birthday of me and friends) 1 0.659

My expenditure are influenced due to girlfriend/boyfriend 1 0.576My expenditure are influenced due to smoking 1 0.793

My expenditure are influenced due to cell phone 1 0.82My expenditure are influenced due to drinking 1 0.76

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Interpretation: - this item shows from the output is a table of communalities which shows how much of the variance in the variables has beenaccounted for by the extracted factors. For instance over 82.0% of the variance in expenditure of the student is accounted for while 76.0% of the

variance in availability of the money is accounted for.


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Total Variance Explained

Compon

ent

Init ial Eigenvalues Extract ion Sums of Squared Loadings Rotat ion Sums of Squared Loadings

Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulat ive % Total % of Variance Cumulative %

1 4.801 18.466 18.466 4.801 18.466 18.466 2.737 10.526 10.526

2 2.896 11.137 29.604 2.896 11.137 29.604 2.329 8.958 19.484

3 1.980 7.615 37.219 1.980 7.615 37.219 2.163 8.320 27.804

4 1.742 6.698 43.917 1.742 6.698 43.917 2.155 8.287 36.091

5 1.405 5.406 49.323 1.405 5.406 49.323 2.125 8.173 44.264

6 1.214 4.668 53.991 1.214 4.668 53.991 1.655 6.365 50.629

7 1.201 4.620 58.610 1.201 4.620 58.610 1.528 5.877 56.506

8 1.161 4.464 63.074 1.161 4.464 63.074 1.498 5.761 62.267

9 1.022 3.930 67.004 1.022 3.930 67.004 1.232 4.737 67.004

10 .925 3.560 70.564

11 .814 3.133 73.696

12 .807 3.105 76.801

13 .738 2.838 79.639

14 .685 2.634 82.273

15 .626 2.407 84.680

16 .594 2.284 86.964

17 .533 2.048 89.012

18 .449 1.728 90.740

19 .425 1.636 92.377

20 .398 1.531 93.908

21 .353 1.358 95.266

22 .348 1.338 96.604

23 .269 1.036 97.640

24 .246 .945 98.585

25 .223 .859 99.444

26 .144 .556 100.000


Interpretation: - The these item shows all the factors extractable from the analysis along with their eigenvalues, the percent of variance

attributable to each factor, and the cumulative variance of the factor and the previous factors. Notice that the first factor accounts for 67.004of thevariance, the second 67.004and the third 67.004 All the remaining factors are not significant.


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Interpretation: - The scree plot is a graph of the given values against all the factors. The graph is useful for determining how many factors to retain.The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten. It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten due to change in the factor regularly. Note also

that factor has an given value value of less than 1, so all factors have been retained.


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Component Matrixa

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

How much amount do you

spend on the stationary-.091 .537 .255 -.059 .256 -.072 .006 .049 .055


spend on the Cloths.112 .604 -.495 .207 -.002 .028 .187 -.056 -.058


spend on the Food

.006 .390 -.386 -.254 .139 -.473 .374 .224 -.200


spend on the Cell phone bills.439 .287 -.417 -.226 .012 .187 -.046 .287 -.208


spend on the Travelling.515 .186 .051 .062 -.307 -.099 -.116 .273 .011


spend on the Entertainment.516 .436 -.156 -.038 -.289 -.049 -.305 -.071 -.109


spend on the Cosmetics.200 .630 -.080 .368 -.128 -.009 -.139 -.363 .108

How much amount do

you spend on the Health.019 .436 .391 -.138 .285 -.186 .013 -.095 .108


spend on the Sports item.452 .195 .505 -.101 .030 .244 -.218 -.057 .250


spend on the Personal

expense

.356 -.075 -.249 .247 .518 -.074 .104 .052 .466


spend on the Smoking.670 -.163 .401 .281 -.140 -.108 .140 .166 -.177


spend on the Drinking.637 -.073 .380 .324 -.184 -.122 .081 .164 -.274


spend on room rent.504 -.074 .155 -.008 -.178 .006 .540 -.166 .219


spend on styling.576 .165 -.351 .120 -.112 .279 .052 -.197 .050


spend on internet connection.676 .175 .066 .253 .140 -.023 .243 .046 .149


spend academic purpose.226 .450 .419 -.155 .279 -.083 -.075 .120 -.014

My expenditure are influenced

by latest market trends-.382 .051 .282 .301 -.041 .322 .145 .168 -.163


by my friends decisions-.420 .415 .194 -.081 -.026 .287 .174 .183 -.210


by availability of money-.221 .095 -.002 .315 .580 .198 -.204 .100 -.198

My expenditure are influenceddue to social status

-.074 .232 .203 -.304 .108 .254 .473 -.450 -.269


by advertisement of the

products

-.440 -.189 -.041 .250 -.092 .121 .365 .369 .237


by the various occasions(like

festival, birthday of me and

friends)

-.287 .105 -.120 .690 .015 .212 .011 -.142 -.100


due to girlfriend/boyfriend-.539 -.049 .125 .022 -.232 -.280 .054 -.353 .084


due to smoking -.555 .562 .053 -.089 -.310 .128 -.027 .102 .186


due to cell phone-.480 .168 .112 .473 .011 -.529 -.037 -.100 -.184


due to drinking-.505 .475 .074 .048 -.270 -.030 .023 .288 .339


a. 9 components extracted.

Interpretation: - The table below shows the loadings of the eight variables on the three factors extracted. The higher the absolute value of theloading, the more the factor contributes to the variable. The gap on the table represent loadings that are less because of changing the value of the

factor which affect the expenditure of the student this makes reading the table easier.


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Rotated Component Matrixa

Component

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


spend on the stationary-.066 .105 .605 .184 -.031 .112 .007 .100 .054


spend on the Cloths-.069 .650 .011 .166 .160 .124 .140 .425 .100


spend on the Food

-.062 .063 .182 .023 .089 -.139 .039 .876 .036


spend on the Cell phone bills.058 .266 .006 -.084 .695 -.029 -.060 .298 -.068


spend on the Travelling.464 .253 .087 .027 .253 -.238 -.056 .015 -.295


spend on the Entertainment.197 .616 .149 -.184 .280 -.204 -.209 .035 -.196


spend on the Cosmetics.052 .818 .224 .050 -.141 .064 .066 -.064 9.674E-5

How much amount do

you spend on the Health-.007 .041 .682 .009 -.129 -.027 .056 .021 .104


spend on the Sports item.251 .115 .481 -.051 .233 -.161 .059 -.536 .013


spend on the Personal

expense

.015 .051 .056 -.168 .128 .094 .823 .041 -.147


spend on the Smoking.878 -.024 .033 -.162 .068 -.070 .068 -.107 -.019


spend on the Drinking.883 .063 .044 -.149 .050 -.007 -.039 -.064 -.048


spend on room rent.444 .078 -.047 -.003 .033 -.447 .352 -.059 .386


spend on styling.164 .558 -.187 -.163 .388 -.096 .223 -.067 .135


spend on internet connection.524 .269 .182 -.090 .206 -.057 .469 .024 .066


spend academic purpose.176 .023 .712 -.011 .135 .028 -.022 .007 .007


by latest market trends.102 -.136 -.040 .464 -.112 .402 -.169 -.142 .176


by my friends decisions-.121 -.037 .236 .512 .071 .230 -.331 .094 .271


by availability of money-.144 -.061 .169 -.032 .046 .745 .094 -.011 -.049

My expenditure are influenceddue to social status

-.086 .035 .209 -.023 -.005 -.032 -.151 .046 .830


by advertisement of the

products

-.036 -.310 -.313 .605 -.132 .106 .217 .065 -.014


by the various occasions(like

festival, birthday of me and

friends)

.011 .326 -.263 .242 -.285 .573 .076 -.084 .054


due to girlfriend/boyfriend-.265 -.034 -.067 .119 -.652 -.142 -.178 -.016 .089


due to smoking -.372 .216 .220 .674 -.112 -.069 -.296 .012 -.022


due to cell phone.025 .091 .089 .108 -.743 .329 -.133 .288 -.176


due to drinking-.238 .113 .212 .742 -.176 -.088 -.093 .069 -.206


Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

a. Rotation converged in 19 iterations.

s


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Interpretation: - The idea of rotation is to reduce the number factors on which the variables under investigation have high loadings. Rotationdoes not actually change anything but makes the interpretation of the analysis easier. Looking at the table below, we can see that availability of the

money for expenditure of the student, are substantially loaded on Factor (Component) All the remaining variables are substantially loaded on Factor

1. These factors can be used as variables for further analysis.

Component Transformation Matrix

Compo

nent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 .599 .282 .085 -.445 .460 -.261 .265 -.076 -.028

2 -.087 .630 .609 .352 .104 .056 -.122 .259 .066

3 .431 -.353 .548 .127 -.289 -.021 -.201 -.473 .158

4 .410 .341 -.264 .192 -.385 .571 .296 -.112 -.185

5 -.232 -.286 .422 -.346 .120 .539 .484 .131 .105

6 -.136 .072 -.200 .283 .569 .292 -.047 -.547 .383

7 .250 -.162 -.137 .329 -.072 -.181 .341 .411 .679

8 .261 -.410 .039 .474 .442 .108 -.007 .276 -.504

9 -.276 .037 .111 .305 -.086 -.427 .659 -.360 -.251


Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Conclusion: - You should now be able to perform a factor analysis and interpret the result. Many other items are produce in the output, for the

purpose of this illustration they have been ignored. Note that the correlation matrix can used as input to factor analysis. In this case you have to use

SPSS command syntax which is outside the scope of this document.


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Statistics

Statistics

gender of the

respondent

age of the

respondent

course of the

respondent

in present where

are you living

monthly

expenditure

N Valid 98 98 98 98 98

Missing 0 0 0 0 0

gender of the respondent

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid male 84 85.7 85.7 85.7

female 14 14.3 14.3 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - In this research I survey 100 respondent from my target population

in which 85.71% were male respondent and the rest of 14.29% respondent were

female.

age of the respondent


Cumulative

Percent

Valid under 18 15 15.3 15.3 15.3

18-22 69 70.4 70.4 85.7

22-25 12 12.2 12.2 98.0

above 25 2 2.0 2.0 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0


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Interpretation: - From my sampling population 15.31% respondent were the age of under 18, and 70.41% respondent were under the age of 18-22,

and 12.24% respondent were under the age of 22-25, and the rest of 2.04% respondent were above 25.

course of the respondent


Cumulative

Percent

Valid B. Tech 47 48.0 48.0 48.0

MBA 26 26.5 26.5 74.5

diploma 16 16.3 16.3 90.8

any other 9 9.2 9.2 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sample population 47.96% respondent are in the course of B.Tech. and 26.53% respondent are in the course of MBA and

16.33% respondent are doing diploma and the rest of the 9.18% respondent are doing any other course in the lovely professional university.


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in present where are you living


Cumulative

Percent

Valid hostel 57 58.2 58.2 58.2

PG 21 21.4 21.4 79.6

on rent 9 9.2 9.2 88.8

at your home 11 11.2 11.2 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0

Interpretation: - From my sample population 58.16% respondent are living in the hostel and 21.43% respondent are living in the PG and 9.18% respondent are

living on the rent and rest of the 11.22% respondent are living at their home.

monthly expenditure


Cumulative

Percent

Valid 1000-2000 27 27.6 27.6 27.6

2000-5000 47 48.0 48.0 75.5

5000-8000 14 14.3 14.3 89.8

above 8000 9 9.2 9.2 99.0

5 1 1.0 1.0 100.0

Total 98 100.0 100.0


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Interpretation: - From my sample population the expenditure of 27.55% respondent are 1000-2000 and the expenditure of 48.98% respondent are 2000-5000 and

the expenditure of 14.29 respondent are 5000-8000 and the rest of the respondent are spending more than 8000 per month.

+

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