Download - Main Street Revival
MAIN STREET REVIVALCreating a Sense of Place through Shared SpaceKILEY MAAS | DR. ADIL SHARG-ELDIN | GRADUATE STUDIO III | KENT STATE UNIVERSITY | SUMMER 2014
DOWNTOWN
LIFESTYLE
ECONOMIC
VITALITY
SENSE OF
PLACEMAIN
STREET
REVIVAL
Residential
Property
Taxes
Jobs
Businesses
Convenience
Accessibility
Bicycling
Walking
Car-Free
Authentic
Community
Comfort
Events/
Festivals
8282
82
82
82
303 303
303303
80
88
88
700
700
88
5
5
422
422
44
44
43
43
43
306
303
80
14
14
480
NELSON
MANTUA
AURORA
RAVENNA
WINDHAM
TO
WARREN
PARKMAN
TO
BURTONTO
AUBURNTO
SOLON
TO
KENT
TO
WARREN
GEAUGA LAKE
GARRETTSVILLE
HIRAMTO
TWINSBURG
MISSIONTo revive and create a comprehensive approach for downtown Main Street that empowers economic development by making the downtown a place to live, work, shop, dine, and entertain; a village center with a sense of place through shared space.
A |
GA
RR
ET
TS
VIL
LE
GR
EE
N
SITE PLAN NTS
Res
tori
ng
th
e lif
eblo
od
to
Ma
in S
tree
t . .
.
Buckeye Block Density (Before)
3
2
1
Buckeye Block Density (After)
3
2
1
Southside of Main St. Density (Existing)
3
2
1
50 100 150050100150
MALE FEMALE
85 years and over80 to 84 years75 to 79 years70 to 74 years65 to 69 years60 to 64 years55 to 59 years50 to 54 years45 to 49 years40 to 44 years35 to 39 years30 to 34 years25 to 29 years20 to 24 years15 to 19 years10 to 14 years
5 to 9 yearsUnder 5 years
POPULATION
“Empowering communities to adopt a more holistic approach
can bring businesses, housing, and a sense of vitality back to
downtown streets.”- pps.org
“Clear zones are
applicable on rural
highways with high
vehicle speeds, not in
urban areas.”- Tra! c Design
GARRETTSVILLE POPULATION 1900-2010
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
TRAVEL TIME TO WORK
PE
OP
LE
PE
R E
AC
H 1
MIN
PE
RIO
D
0 10 20 30 40 60 90 max
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
MINUTES
1 + 1 > 2
ph
ysic
al +
no
n-p
hys
ica
l = p
lace
ONE STORY
TWO STORY
THREE STORY
MAIN ST
EAGLE CREEK
82
WINDHAM ST
WATER ST
CEN
TER
ST
HIG
H S
T
SOUTH ST
ELM
ST
NORTH ST
Tra�c barrels through the downtown core, passing
businesses and foregoing community interaction
PRO
PO
SED R
OU
ND
EL LO
CATIO
N
PRO
PO
SED R
OU
ND
EL LO
CATIO
N
PROJECT AREA OF FOCUS
DEM
O
EAGLE CREEK
WINDHAM ST
WATER ST
CEN
TER
ST
HIG
H S
T
SOUTH ST
ELM
ST
NORTH ST
PARKING
RESTAURANT / BAR
COMMERCIAL RETAIL / SERVICES
MARKET
PUBLIC FACILITY
ADMINISTRATIVE / PROFESSIONAL
LIGHT MANUFACTURING
VACANT/UNDEVELOPED
WATER ST
CEN
TER
ST
HIG
H S
T
NORTH ST
WATER ST
NORTH ST
MAIN ST 82
Tra�c barrels through the downtown core, passing
businesses and foregoing community interaction
PRO
PO
SED R
OU
ND
EL LO
CATIO
N
PRO
PO
SED R
OU
ND
EL LO
CATIO
N
PROJECT AREA OF FOCUS
1 MIN. 2 MIN. 5 MIN.4 MIN.3 MIN.
MAIN ST
82
82
88
88
88
88
82
WATER ST
MAPLE AVE
MAPLE AVE
FREEDOM ST
HIGH
LAND AVE
WIN
DHAM
ST
SO
UTH
ST
SO
UTH
ST
MAPLE AVE
CENTER ST
HIG
H S
T
ELM ST
SO
UTH
ST
FREEDOM ST
WH
ITE ST
FRENCH ST
WIN
DHAM
ST
ALWOOD P
L
PARK AVE
EAGLE CREEK
HEADWATERS TRAIL
NO
RTH
ST
MODE OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK
CAR (ALONE)
WORKED AT HOME
WALKED
CARPOOLED
B |
En
tra
nce
“gat
ew
ay” a
pp
roac
h
C | BOARDWALK
Walking distances from project location
Downtown Garrettsville story heights before the ! re
Downtown Garrettsville use groups before the ! re
FOLIAGE AND PLANTINGS:
Softening of sun rays and shading
SAFETY: Adequate lighting, materials,
and gradients for safe 24 hour usage
HUMAN SCALE AND DETAILS: Detailing sets
rhythm of building lengths along sidewalk,
allowing for a more engaged experience
VARIETY: Incorporation of varied elements
structured into the sidewalk, accommodating
the various activities that can take place
through multiple users
CONNECTIVITY: Clear way !nding and
continuous sidewalks that result in
places, not dead ends, with a joyful
experience along the way
ACCESSIBILITY: Accessibility for multiple
users, with consideration for multiple users
with various ages and abilities
“For many decades, the solution to snarled tra� c has been to build more and bigger
roads. Placemaking can transform transportation from the primary engine of a
community degradation to the driving force of community development.”- pps. org
ROUNDELBased on the round-a-about, a roundel lends itself to all modes of transportation through shared space. Dominance is taken away from the vehicles, allowing bicyclists and pedestrians to feel comfortable and safe crossing the street or dining near it. Curbs are eliminated and replaced with tactile pavers, making the space feel connected, and thus creating a sense of
place. Tra! c speed is decreased, requiring motorists
to move with caution and negotiate with pedestrians,
bicyclists, and other motorists.
MIXED-USEResidential, Retail, and Commercial uses within a
single 2 or 3 story building, maximizing return value
per acre of density in the downtown core.
SHARED SPACE- All modes of transportation are treated as pedestrians
- Pedestrians are fellow road users, not obstacles
- Removal of curbs, use of tactile pavers
- Reduction of vehicle speed through tra! c calming
- Increase in pedestrian space, decrease in
vehicle space
- Streets began as shared space
SENSE OF PLACE = PLACEMAKINGA place is created when one feels comfortable to dwell
in the area and feels a sense of belonging. A successful
place is more than the physical objects that inhabit
the space. The non-physical aspects contribute to the
place (memories, emotional connections, enjoyment,
and festivals). To create a place, the physical and non-
physical, in turn, create a sum that is larger than its
parts, thus 1 + 1 > 2.
“The sidewalk is the area where people interface with one another
and with businesses most directly in an urban environment.”- Tra� c Design
Highway Public Realm
Regulated Culturally Defined
Impersonal Personal
Predictable Unpredictable
Single-Purpose Multipurpose
Traffic Signs and
MarkingsEye Contact
Experience Comparison of
Highway vs. Public Realm TravelRIGHT-SIZING OF STREETSTransforming a Street to a Place
GoalsIncrease safety for all users
Encourage walking, biking, and transit usage
Support businesses and the local economy
Create a place that fosters community livability and vitality
“Design Speed” instead of “Speed Limit”
StrategiesTra! c calming (narrowing of lanes, change in scale)
Gateway entrances
Removal of tra! c lights and stop signs
Travel lanes serve multiple uses
Pedestrian infrastructure improvement
Parking is concentrated in convenient garage
Implementation of roundels
Number of Proposed Retail Spaces13 from 600 SF to 2400 SF
Number of Proposed Apartments1 Bedroom: 10 @ +/- 600 SF
2 Bedroom: 16 @ +/- 900 SF
Proposed Rent: < $1 per square foot
Number of Proposed Town Homes2 Bedroom: 6 @ 1000 SF
3 Bedroom: 6 @ 1200 SF
Proposed Price Range: Similar pricing to
existing Garrettsville homes
- Elements of “Place”, as described by Jane Jacobs
PLACE
Uses &
Activities
Comfort
& Image
Sociability
Access &
Linkages
number of women, children, & elderly
social networks
volunteerism
evening use
street life diverse
stewardship
cooperative
neighborly
pride
friendly
interactive
welcoming
fun
active
vital
special
real
useful
indigenous
celebratory
sustainable
safe
clean
“green”
walkable
sittable
spiritual
charming
attractive
historic
continuity
proximity
connected
readable
walkable
convenient
accessible
tra�c data
mode splits
transit usage
pedestrian activity
parking usage patterns
local business ownership
land-use patterns
property values
rent levels
retail sales
crime statistics
sanitation rating
building conditions
environmental data
E |
RO
UN
DE
L
Key aspects of a successful downtown village street
D | SIDEWALK
TOWN
HOMES
3-STORY
PARKING
GARAGE
MIXED USE
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESS
MIXED USE
RESTAURANTS/BARS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H ST
CENTER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
PROCESS WORK: Options Explored
TOWN
HOMES
RETAIL
3-STORY
PARKING
GARAGE
3
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER S
T
SOU
TH ST
NO
RTH ST
TOWN
HOMES
MIXED USE
MIXED USE
RESTAURANTS/BARS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H ST
CENTER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
WATERWHEEL
TOWNHOMES
BRID
GE A
CCESS
MAIN ST (82)
GARAGE
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
SHAREDSPACE
DROP-OFF
MIXED-USE STREET
MIX
ED
-US
E S
TR
EE
T
RE
SID
EN
TIA
L S
TR
EE
T
MAIN STGRILLE
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
WATERWHEEL
CITY PARKINGGARAGE
MIXED-USE STREET
MIX
ED
-US
E S
TR
EE
T
RE
SID
EN
TIA
L S
TR
EE
T
CITYHALL
TOWNHOMES
MIXED-USE MIXED-USE
BRID
GE A
CCESS
MAIN ST (82)
MIXED-USE
MAIN STGRILLE
GRIST MILL
DROP-OFF
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
SOUTH ST (88)
NORTH ST (88)
ELM
ST
GARAGE
ROUNDEL
ALIZE)
USE GROUPS: Wide range of users, wide range of needs
PROPOSED USES TO BE LOCATED IN THE DOWNTOWN
Small Hotel
Professional Services
Doctor
Legal
Real Estate
Financial
Design
Restaurants
Family Dining
Casual Dining
Pubs/Bars
Bakery/Co" ee Shop
Ice Cream Shop
Markets
Grocery
Convenience
Community Room
Public O! ces
City Hall
Police Station
Residential
Apartments
Town Homes
Retail
Clothing
Shoe Repair
Bike/Sports Shop
Jewelry Repair
Antiques
Salon/Barber Shop
Laundromat/Dry Cleaner
Pet Care
TOWN
HOMES
3-STORY
PARKING
GARAGE
MIXED USE
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESS
MIXED USE
RESTAURANTS/BARSAURANTS/BARS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H ST
CENTER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
TOWN
HOMES
RETAIL
3-STORY
PARKING
GARAGE
3
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
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CE
SS
BR
IDG
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CE
SS
BR
IDG
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BR
IDG
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BR
IDG
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BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
BR
IDG
E AC
CE
SS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER S
T
SOU
TH ST
NO
RTH ST
TOWN
HOMES
MIXED USE
MIXED USE
RESTAURANTS/BARSAURANTS/BARS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESSB
RID
GE A
CCESS
BR
IDG
E ACC
ESS
MAIN ST
GRILLE
HIG
H ST
CENTER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
WATERWHEEL
TOWNHOMES
WATERWHEEL
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESSB
RIDG
E ACCESS
BRID
GE A
CCESS
WATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWHEELWHEELWHEELWHEELWATERWATER
MAIN ST (82)
GARAGE
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
INFILLDEVELOPMENT
SHAREDSPACE
DROP-OFF
MIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREET-USE STREET-USE STREET-USE STREET
MIX
ED
-US
E S
TR
EE
T
RE
SID
EN
TIA
L S
TR
EE
T
MAIN STGRILLE
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
NORTH ST
WATERAAWHEEL
CITY PARKINGPPGARAGE
MIXED-USE STREET
MIX
ED
-US
E S
TR
EE
T
RE
SID
EN
TIA
L S
TR
EE
T
CITYHALL
TOWNHOMESHOMES
MIXED-USE-USE MIXED-USE
BRID
GE A
CCESS
MAIN ST (82)
MIXED-USE
MAIN STGRILLE
GRIST MILL
DROP-OFF
HIG
H S
T
CEN
TER
ST
SOUTH ST
NORTH ST
SOUTH ST (88)
NORTH ST (88)
ELM
ST
GARAGE
ROUNDELROUNDELROUNDELROUNDELROUNDEL
ALIZE)
Live
, Sh
op
, Din
e in
Do
wn
tow
n G
arr
etts
ville
. . .
Before and after riverfront revitalization project where businesses and residents utilize the boardwalk for outdoor dining, social interaction, and leisure in Portland, Michigan. This allows for beautiful views of the now rejuvenated waterfront.
Unit Scale
Building Scale
Street/Block Scale
> 20’ (4-6 seconds)
60’-70’ (20 seconds)
165’ (39 seconds)
Bicycling Lifestyle
Downtown Suburb Downtown Suburb Downtown Suburb
Walking Lifestyle
LIFESTYLE COMPARISON
Car Lifestyle
Based on need-based criteria for the speci! ed lifestyles, the above charts provide a comparison of suburban living to downtown living as a graphical representation of whether which living location is best capable of lending itself to the desired lifestyle choice.
22,800 21,150 36,400 51,650$9,888$60,446
$96,765
$133,085
BUCKEYE BLOCK LEVEL 1 LEVEL 1
PROPOSED MIXED-USE
LEVELS 1 & 2
PROPOSED MIXED-USE
LEVELS 1, 2, & 3
PROPOSED MIXED-USE
PROPERTY TAX GENERATION
COMPARISON
Built-Up Area (ft²) Property Tax Generation
Through a mixed-use rebuild of the downtown, Garrettsville has the potential to signi! cantly increase its property tax generation due to the increased vertical density and usage of the land that was destroyed in the ! re. Maximizing usage of the core increases tax generation for the city, while promoting a “Sense of Place”.
F | TOWN HOMES
PrecedentsPoynton, England Tra� c RoundelPortland, Michigan Waterfront Revival
Poynton before Roundel
Poynton after Roundel
The Poynton Tra" c Roundel successfully moves large volumes of tra" c each day in a slow, continuous, and safe manner. Residents of the community are very satis! ed with the project and resulting vitality of the small village.
9’-6” 8’ 4’ 10’
+/- 75’ R.O.W.
shops/
dining
walk/
seating
parallel
parking
bike lane
6’
RETAIL/COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RETAIL/COMMERCIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
Sidewalk Pavers CobblestoneGranite
Pavers Wood Boardwalk
9’-6”8’
+/- 60’ R.O.W.
entrywalk/
seating
parallel
parking
10’
lane
10’
lane
6’
entry
6’ 9’-6”
walk/
seating
TOWN HOMES(2 & 3 BDRM)
TOWN HOMES(2 & 3 BDRM)
Sidewalk Pavers CobblestoneGranite
Pavers
Section of Main Street illustrating dimensions and materiality of the Retail Street
Section of Center Street illustrating dimensions and materiality of the Residential Street
Scan the QR Code to view the ROUNDEL in action!
The diagrams located to the right illustrate the di# ering vehicle speeds and e" ciency of a roundel versus a tra" c light/stop sign. While the tra" c light/stop sign is most common in the United States, a roundel is found to better move tra" c in a continuous, slow, and e# ective manner while the tra" c light/stop sign causes cars to rev engines and race the light. Roundels report signi! cantly less tra" c accidents and promote shared space. This shared space allows for the “place” to feel connected rather than divided by the roadway. Rather than sitting stagnant at a red light for minutes, a roundel forgoes the signs and lights and allows users to actively negotiate with one another, resulting in $ uid tra" c movement. The tra" c creates its own design speed rather than a speed limit.
ROUNDELSlow approach
“Design” Speed
Slow, continuous movement
Negotiate with fellow road users
Narrow lanes for cautious turns (curbs speed)
TRAFFIC LIGHT/STOP SIGNIncrease speed in attempt to beat light
Speed Limit
Stop and go movement
Blindly follow tra!c signals
Wide lanes for quick, easy turns (promotes speed)