MAIN STREET REVIVALCreating a Sense of Place through Shared SpaceKILEY MAAS | DR. ADIL SHARG-ELDIN | GRADUATE STUDIO III | KENT STATE UNIVERSITY | SUMMER 2014

DOWNTOWN

LIFESTYLE

ECONOMIC

VITALITY

SENSE OF

PLACEMAIN

STREET

REVIVAL

Residential

Property

Taxes

Jobs

Businesses

Convenience

Accessibility

Bicycling

Walking

Car-Free

Authentic

Community

Comfort

Events/

Festivals

8282

82

82

82

303 303

303303

80

88

88

700

700

88

5

5

422

422

44

44

43

43

43

306

303

80

14

14

480

NELSON

MANTUA

AURORA

RAVENNA

WINDHAM

TO

WARREN

PARKMAN

TO

BURTONTO

AUBURNTO

SOLON

TO

KENT

TO

WARREN

GEAUGA LAKE

GARRETTSVILLE

HIRAMTO

TWINSBURG

MISSIONTo revive and create a comprehensive approach for downtown Main Street that empowers economic development by making the downtown a place to live, work, shop, dine, and entertain; a village center with a sense of place through shared space.

A |

GA

RR

ET

TS

VIL

LE

GR

EE

N

SITE PLAN NTS

Res

tori

ng

th

e lif

eblo

od

to

Ma

in S

tree

t . .

.

Buckeye Block Density (Before)

3

2

1

Buckeye Block Density (After)

3

2

1

Southside of Main St. Density (Existing)

3

2

1

50 100 150050100150

MALE FEMALE

85 years and over80 to 84 years75 to 79 years70 to 74 years65 to 69 years60 to 64 years55 to 59 years50 to 54 years45 to 49 years40 to 44 years35 to 39 years30 to 34 years25 to 29 years20 to 24 years15 to 19 years10 to 14 years

5 to 9 yearsUnder 5 years

POPULATION

“Empowering communities to adopt a more holistic approach

can bring businesses, housing, and a sense of vitality back to

downtown streets.”- pps.org

“Clear zones are

applicable on rural

highways with high

vehicle speeds, not in

urban areas.”- Tra! c Design

GARRETTSVILLE POPULATION 1900-2010

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

TRAVEL TIME TO WORK

PE

OP

LE

PE

R E

AC

H 1

MIN

PE

RIO

D

0 10 20 30 40 60 90 max

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

MINUTES

1 + 1 > 2

ph

ysic

al +

no

n-p

hys

ica

l = p

lace

ONE STORY

TWO STORY

THREE STORY

MAIN ST

EAGLE CREEK

82

WINDHAM ST

WATER ST

CEN

TER

ST

HIG

H S

T

SOUTH ST

ELM

ST

NORTH ST

Tra�c barrels through the downtown core, passing

businesses and foregoing community interaction

PRO

PO

SED R

OU

ND

EL LO

CATIO

N

PRO

PO

SED R

OU

ND

EL LO

CATIO

N

PROJECT AREA OF FOCUS

DEM

O

EAGLE CREEK

WINDHAM ST

WATER ST

CEN

TER

ST

HIG

H S

T

SOUTH ST

ELM

ST

NORTH ST

PARKING

RESTAURANT / BAR

COMMERCIAL RETAIL / SERVICES

MARKET

PUBLIC FACILITY

ADMINISTRATIVE / PROFESSIONAL

LIGHT MANUFACTURING

VACANT/UNDEVELOPED

WATER ST

CEN

TER

ST

HIG

H S

T

NORTH ST

WATER ST

NORTH ST

MAIN ST 82

Tra�c barrels through the downtown core, passing

businesses and foregoing community interaction

PRO

PO

SED R

OU

ND

EL LO

CATIO

N

PRO

PO

SED R

OU

ND

EL LO

CATIO

N

PROJECT AREA OF FOCUS

1 MIN. 2 MIN. 5 MIN.4 MIN.3 MIN.

MAIN ST

82

82

88

88

88

88

82

WATER ST

MAPLE AVE

MAPLE AVE

FREEDOM ST

HIGH

LAND AVE

WIN

DHAM

ST

SO

UTH

ST

SO

UTH

ST

MAPLE AVE

CENTER ST

HIG

H S

T

ELM ST

SO

UTH

ST

FREEDOM ST

WH

ITE ST

FRENCH ST

WIN

DHAM

ST

ALWOOD P

L

PARK AVE

EAGLE CREEK

HEADWATERS TRAIL

NO

RTH

ST

MODE OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK

CAR (ALONE)

WORKED AT HOME

WALKED

CARPOOLED

B |

En

tra

nce

“gat

ew

ay” a

pp

roac

h

C | BOARDWALK

Walking distances from project location

Downtown Garrettsville story heights before the ! re

Downtown Garrettsville use groups before the ! re

FOLIAGE AND PLANTINGS:

Softening of sun rays and shading

SAFETY: Adequate lighting, materials,

and gradients for safe 24 hour usage

HUMAN SCALE AND DETAILS: Detailing sets

rhythm of building lengths along sidewalk,

allowing for a more engaged experience

VARIETY: Incorporation of varied elements

structured into the sidewalk, accommodating

the various activities that can take place

through multiple users

CONNECTIVITY: Clear way !nding and

continuous sidewalks that result in

places, not dead ends, with a joyful

experience along the way

ACCESSIBILITY: Accessibility for multiple

users, with consideration for multiple users

with various ages and abilities

“For many decades, the solution to snarled tra� c has been to build more and bigger

roads. Placemaking can transform transportation from the primary engine of a

community degradation to the driving force of community development.”- pps. org

ROUNDELBased on the round-a-about, a roundel lends itself to all modes of transportation through shared space. Dominance is taken away from the vehicles, allowing bicyclists and pedestrians to feel comfortable and safe crossing the street or dining near it. Curbs are eliminated and replaced with tactile pavers, making the space feel connected, and thus creating a sense of

place. Tra! c speed is decreased, requiring motorists

to move with caution and negotiate with pedestrians,

bicyclists, and other motorists.

MIXED-USEResidential, Retail, and Commercial uses within a

single 2 or 3 story building, maximizing return value

per acre of density in the downtown core.

SHARED SPACE- All modes of transportation are treated as pedestrians

- Pedestrians are fellow road users, not obstacles

- Removal of curbs, use of tactile pavers

- Reduction of vehicle speed through tra! c calming

- Increase in pedestrian space, decrease in

vehicle space

- Streets began as shared space

SENSE OF PLACE = PLACEMAKINGA place is created when one feels comfortable to dwell

in the area and feels a sense of belonging. A successful

place is more than the physical objects that inhabit

the space. The non-physical aspects contribute to the

place (memories, emotional connections, enjoyment,

and festivals). To create a place, the physical and non-

physical, in turn, create a sum that is larger than its

parts, thus 1 + 1 > 2.

“The sidewalk is the area where people interface with one another

and with businesses most directly in an urban environment.”- Tra� c Design

Highway Public Realm

Regulated Culturally Defined

Impersonal Personal

Predictable Unpredictable

Single-Purpose Multipurpose

Traffic Signs and

MarkingsEye Contact

Experience Comparison of

Highway vs. Public Realm TravelRIGHT-SIZING OF STREETSTransforming a Street to a Place

GoalsIncrease safety for all users

Encourage walking, biking, and transit usage

Support businesses and the local economy

Create a place that fosters community livability and vitality

“Design Speed” instead of “Speed Limit”

StrategiesTra! c calming (narrowing of lanes, change in scale)

Gateway entrances

Removal of tra! c lights and stop signs

Travel lanes serve multiple uses

Pedestrian infrastructure improvement

Parking is concentrated in convenient garage

Implementation of roundels

Number of Proposed Retail Spaces13 from 600 SF to 2400 SF

Number of Proposed Apartments1 Bedroom: 10 @ +/- 600 SF

2 Bedroom: 16 @ +/- 900 SF

Proposed Rent: < $1 per square foot

Number of Proposed Town Homes2 Bedroom: 6 @ 1000 SF

3 Bedroom: 6 @ 1200 SF

Proposed Price Range: Similar pricing to

existing Garrettsville homes

- Elements of “Place”, as described by Jane Jacobs

PLACE

Uses &

Activities

Comfort

& Image

Sociability

Access &

Linkages

number of women, children, & elderly

social networks

volunteerism

evening use

street life diverse

stewardship

cooperative

neighborly

pride

friendly

interactive

welcoming

fun

active

vital

special

real

useful

indigenous

celebratory

sustainable

safe

clean

“green”

walkable

sittable

spiritual

charming

attractive

historic

continuity

proximity

connected

readable

walkable

convenient

accessible

tra�c data

mode splits

transit usage

pedestrian activity

parking usage patterns

local business ownership

land-use patterns

property values

rent levels

retail sales

crime statistics

sanitation rating

building conditions

environmental data

E |

RO

UN

DE

L

Key aspects of a successful downtown village street

D | SIDEWALK

TOWN

HOMES

3-STORY

PARKING

GARAGE

MIXED USE

BR

IDG

E ACC

ESS

MIXED USE

RESTAURANTS/BARS

MAIN ST

GRILLE

HIG

H ST

CENTER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

PROCESS WORK: Options Explored

TOWN

HOMES

RETAIL

3-STORY

PARKING

GARAGE

3

BR

IDG

E AC

CE

SS

MAIN ST

GRILLE

HIG

H S

T

CEN

TER S

T

SOU

TH ST

NO

RTH ST

TOWN

HOMES

MIXED USE

MIXED USE

RESTAURANTS/BARS

BR

IDG

E ACC

ESS

MAIN ST

GRILLE

HIG

H ST

CENTER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

WATERWHEEL

TOWNHOMES

BRID

GE A

CCESS

MAIN ST (82)

GARAGE

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

SHAREDSPACE

DROP-OFF

MIXED-USE STREET

MIX

ED

-US

E S

TR

EE

T

RE

SID

EN

TIA

L S

TR

EE

T

MAIN STGRILLE

HIG

H S

T

CEN

TER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

WATERWHEEL

CITY PARKINGGARAGE

MIXED-USE STREET

MIX

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-US

E S

TR

EE

T

RE

SID

EN

TIA

L S

TR

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CITYHALL

TOWNHOMES

MIXED-USE MIXED-USE

BRID

GE A

CCESS

MAIN ST (82)

MIXED-USE

MAIN STGRILLE

GRIST MILL

DROP-OFF

HIG

H S

T

CEN

TER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

SOUTH ST (88)

NORTH ST (88)

ELM

ST

GARAGE

ROUNDEL

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USE GROUPS: Wide range of users, wide range of needs

PROPOSED USES TO BE LOCATED IN THE DOWNTOWN

Small Hotel

Professional Services

Doctor

Legal

Real Estate

Financial

Design

Restaurants

Family Dining

Casual Dining

Pubs/Bars

Bakery/Co" ee Shop

Ice Cream Shop

Markets

Grocery

Convenience

Community Room

Public O! ces

City Hall

Police Station

Residential

Apartments

Town Homes

Retail

Clothing

Shoe Repair

Bike/Sports Shop

Jewelry Repair

Antiques

Salon/Barber Shop

Laundromat/Dry Cleaner

Pet Care

TOWN

HOMES

3-STORY

PARKING

GARAGE

MIXED USE

BR

IDG

E ACC

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RID

GE A

CCESS

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MIXED USE

RESTAURANTS/BARSAURANTS/BARS

MAIN ST

GRILLE

HIG

H ST

CENTER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

TOWN

HOMES

RETAIL

3-STORY

PARKING

GARAGE

3

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WATERWHEEL

TOWNHOMES

WATERWHEEL

BRID

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RIDG

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WATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWHEELWHEELWHEELWHEELWATERWATER

MAIN ST (82)

GARAGE

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

INFILLDEVELOPMENT

SHAREDSPACE

DROP-OFF

MIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREETMIXED-USE STREET-USE STREET-USE STREET-USE STREET

MIX

ED

-US

E S

TR

EE

T

RE

SID

EN

TIA

L S

TR

EE

T

MAIN STGRILLE

HIG

H S

T

CEN

TER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

NORTH ST

WATERAAWHEEL

CITY PARKINGPPGARAGE

MIXED-USE STREET

MIX

ED

-US

E S

TR

EE

T

RE

SID

EN

TIA

L S

TR

EE

T

CITYHALL

TOWNHOMESHOMES

MIXED-USE-USE MIXED-USE

BRID

GE A

CCESS

MAIN ST (82)

MIXED-USE

MAIN STGRILLE

GRIST MILL

DROP-OFF

HIG

H S

T

CEN

TER

ST

SOUTH ST

NORTH ST

SOUTH ST (88)

NORTH ST (88)

ELM

ST

GARAGE

ROUNDELROUNDELROUNDELROUNDELROUNDEL

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Live

, Sh

op

, Din

e in

Do

wn

tow

n G

arr

etts

ville

. . .

Before and after riverfront revitalization project where businesses and residents utilize the boardwalk for outdoor dining, social interaction, and leisure in Portland, Michigan. This allows for beautiful views of the now rejuvenated waterfront.

Unit Scale

Building Scale

Street/Block Scale

> 20’ (4-6 seconds)

60’-70’ (20 seconds)

165’ (39 seconds)

Bicycling Lifestyle

Downtown Suburb Downtown Suburb Downtown Suburb

Walking Lifestyle

LIFESTYLE COMPARISON

Car Lifestyle

Based on need-based criteria for the speci! ed lifestyles, the above charts provide a comparison of suburban living to downtown living as a graphical representation of whether which living location is best capable of lending itself to the desired lifestyle choice.

22,800 21,150 36,400 51,650$9,888$60,446

$96,765

$133,085

BUCKEYE BLOCK LEVEL 1 LEVEL 1

PROPOSED MIXED-USE

LEVELS 1 & 2

PROPOSED MIXED-USE

LEVELS 1, 2, & 3

PROPOSED MIXED-USE

PROPERTY TAX GENERATION

COMPARISON

Built-Up Area (ft²) Property Tax Generation

Through a mixed-use rebuild of the downtown, Garrettsville has the potential to signi! cantly increase its property tax generation due to the increased vertical density and usage of the land that was destroyed in the ! re. Maximizing usage of the core increases tax generation for the city, while promoting a “Sense of Place”.

F | TOWN HOMES

PrecedentsPoynton, England Tra� c RoundelPortland, Michigan Waterfront Revival

Poynton before Roundel

Poynton after Roundel

The Poynton Tra" c Roundel successfully moves large volumes of tra" c each day in a slow, continuous, and safe manner. Residents of the community are very satis! ed with the project and resulting vitality of the small village.

9’-6” 8’ 4’ 10’

+/- 75’ R.O.W.

shops/

dining

walk/

seating

parallel

parking

bike lane

6’

RETAIL/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

RETAIL/COMMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

RESIDENTIAL

Sidewalk Pavers CobblestoneGranite

Pavers Wood Boardwalk

9’-6”8’

+/- 60’ R.O.W.

entrywalk/

seating

parallel

parking

10’

lane

10’

lane

6’

entry

6’ 9’-6”

walk/

seating

TOWN HOMES(2 & 3 BDRM)

TOWN HOMES(2 & 3 BDRM)

Sidewalk Pavers CobblestoneGranite

Pavers

Section of Main Street illustrating dimensions and materiality of the Retail Street

Section of Center Street illustrating dimensions and materiality of the Residential Street

Scan the QR Code to view the ROUNDEL in action!

The diagrams located to the right illustrate the di# ering vehicle speeds and e" ciency of a roundel versus a tra" c light/stop sign. While the tra" c light/stop sign is most common in the United States, a roundel is found to better move tra" c in a continuous, slow, and e# ective manner while the tra" c light/stop sign causes cars to rev engines and race the light. Roundels report signi! cantly less tra" c accidents and promote shared space. This shared space allows for the “place” to feel connected rather than divided by the roadway. Rather than sitting stagnant at a red light for minutes, a roundel forgoes the signs and lights and allows users to actively negotiate with one another, resulting in $ uid tra" c movement. The tra" c creates its own design speed rather than a speed limit.

ROUNDELSlow approach

“Design” Speed

Slow, continuous movement

Negotiate with fellow road users

Narrow lanes for cautious turns (curbs speed)

TRAFFIC LIGHT/STOP SIGNIncrease speed in attempt to beat light

Speed Limit

Stop and go movement

Blindly follow tra!c signals

Wide lanes for quick, easy turns (promotes speed)