Download - Marco Salvati
![Page 1: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Marco Salvati
INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica)
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
![Page 2: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Black holes and revelations: two or three revelations we are still missing
![Page 3: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
or…
The seven pillars of wisdom
![Page 4: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
or…
We need one more to open the eightfold
path to enlightenment
![Page 5: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. The core of the engine is a supermassive black hole
…now it seems trivial, but:spinars, ensemble of
pulsars or SNe, quark factories…
(a BH to stabilize a spinar, some Liners could be ensembles of stellar objects)
![Page 6: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Rees, ARA&A 22 (1984)“Black hole models for AGNs”
Note: the “s” appears in the original !
![Page 7: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2. Bondi accretion is inefficient, you need a disk (stable, ie non self-gravitating)
At the beginning there was Shakura & Sunyaev, then came: warped disks, 2T disks, coronae above disks, ion supported tori, Adafs, Adios…
![Page 8: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pringle, ARA&A 19 (1981) “Accretion discs in astro physics”
Note: Lynden-Bell (1969), S&S (1973)
![Page 9: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
3. Jets are not oddities (eg, M87)they are a basic ingredient amenable to “simple” equations
How Blandford & Rees jet paper
was announced in Erice in lieu of the sheduled lecture on something entirely different (maybe globular clusters !?)
![Page 10: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
B&R MNRAS 169 (1974) “A twin-exhaust model for double radio sources”
![Page 11: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
4. Finding the right radiation process(es)
From jets to magnetic fields to excessive faith in non thermal processes: playing with “beach balls”, hiding a blazar inside NGC4151…
![Page 12: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“…in filaments…only a few metres across”
![Page 13: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Salvati, unpublished and lost forever…
![Page 14: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
4. cont.d The disk-plus-corona model
One of the several instances of the “generalized equipartition assumption”… see also the “gain equal losses” approach in blazar models
![Page 15: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Haardt & Maraschi ApJ 413 (1993)“Xray spectra from two-phase accretion disks”
![Page 16: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
5. Unification
Unification came in two main flavors: for radio quiet AGN (Antonucci & Miller 1985), and for radio loud, jetted AGN (Barthel 1989, not so much radio galaxies vs radio quasars, rather blazars vs non blazars)
![Page 17: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
6. BH spin and radio loudness
What is the parameter deciding the radio loudness, ie, the formation of a jet ? (btw, why jets and radio loudness go together ?)
The key issue here is the high required efficiency
![Page 19: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
6. cont.d Blandford & Znajek (1977)
Jets can be more powerful than disks, hence magnetic braking AND maximal rotation
Additional evidence: core vs power law profiles, and mass bias of radio loud galaxies (Capetti & Balmaverde 2006)
![Page 20: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
7. Integral constraints
Soltan (1982), total AGN light vs relic BH mass density in the local Universe
CXRB (more precisely, HXRB from SXR counts AND unification)
![Page 22: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Setti & Woltjer (1979)
Comastri et al. (1995)
![Page 23: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
8. BH mass – galaxy bulge relations, coevolution, feedback, etc
This is FAR from settled… we can claim seven “pillars” with some confidence, but not eight yet: for instance, what if indeed BH mass grows first at high z ?
![Page 24: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Two stones of the mosaic:
-low luminosity AGN from low mass black holes
-low luminosity AGN from high mass black holes
![Page 25: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
LLAGN are (almost always) Liners, ie (almost certainly) ADAF-like (no absorption…)
They appear to continue smoothly the AGN sequence
They are too numerous to reside only in massive bulges, ie their typical BHs have low masses
![Page 26: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
But… consider the 3C catalogue, and plot the Xray vs the high frequency radio luminosity:at the high end, both come from a boosted jet; then the Xrays are dominated by the isotropic disk; at the low end, only the jet is there (no visible accretion… a super-ADAF state ?)
![Page 28: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Marco Salvati](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070503/5681559a550346895dc377d9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)