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Task analysisis the analysis of how a taskis accomplished, including a detailed
description of both manual and mentalactivities required for one or morepeople to perform a given task.
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ACTION ORIENTED APPROACH: Task analysis
technique which provides a description of
the observable aspects at various levels of
detail, together with some indications of the
structure of the task.
COGNITIVE APPROACH: Techniques whichfocus on the mental processes which
underlie observable behavior, e.g. decision
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Hierarchical Task Analysis is a systematicmethod of describing how work is
organized in order to meet the overallobjective of the job. It involvesidentifying in a top down fashion theoverall goal of the task, then the various
sub-tasks and the conditions underwhich they should be carried out toachieve that goal
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HTA is an economical method ofgathering and organizing information
The hierarchical structure of HTA enablesthe analyst to focus on crucial aspects ofthe task
HTA can be used as a starting point forusing various error analysis methods toexamine the error potential in theperformance of the required operations.
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The analyst needs to develop a measureof skill in order to analyze the task
effectively. Because HTA has to be carried out in
collaboration with workers, supervisorsand engineers, it entails commitment oftime and effort from busy people.
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OAETs are tree-like diagrams whichrepresent the sequence of various
decisions and actions that the operatingteam is expected to perform whenconfronted with a particular processevent.
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The OAET is a logical method ofstructuring information concerning
operator actions resulting from aparticular initiating event.
OAETs help to identify those tasks whichare important in responding to particularinitiating events.
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The approach is not a satisfactorymethod of identifying mistaken intentions
or diagnostic errors. The OAET approach does not address
error reduction or make any attempt todiscover the root causes of the humanerrors represented.
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These are flow charts which show thesequence of action steps and questions
to be considered in complex tasks whichinvolve decision-making
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Decision/Action charts can be used torepresent tasks which involve decision-
making, time-sharing, or complexconditions and contingencies.
Workers find it easy to express their workmethods in terms of flow diagrams.
They can be used to identify criticalchecks that the workers have to carryout to complete a process control task.
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Decision/Action charts are lineardescriptions of the task, and provide no
information on the hierarchy of goalsand objectives that the worker is trying toachieve.
For complex tasks, the diagrams canbecome too messy.
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What is counselling?
Establishing the relationship
individualand employee.
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Listening
Responding
Ethical concerns
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1. Career
Absence and Sickness
Grievance and Disciplinary Welfare
2. Home Family Issues
Financial Problems
Relationship Problems
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Stress in the workplace
Physical/behavioural signs
Stress reduction planning Tactics to combat stress
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Employee monitoringrefers to anymethod of tracking what an employee
does while at work. Employers havemany options at their disposal when itcomes to monitoring their employees,but the effectiveness and legality of
each technique varies depending onthe situation.
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E-mail Scanning
Data-entry and phone work
Video Surveillance Location Monitoring
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www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
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