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Task analysisis the analysis of how a taskis accomplished, including a detailed

description of both manual and mentalactivities required for one or morepeople to perform a given task.

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ACTION ORIENTED APPROACH: Task analysis

technique which provides a description of

the observable aspects at various levels of

detail, together with some indications of the

structure of the task.

COGNITIVE APPROACH: Techniques whichfocus on the mental processes which

underlie observable behavior, e.g. decision

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Hierarchical Task Analysis is a systematicmethod of describing how work is

organized in order to meet the overallobjective of the job. It involvesidentifying in a top down fashion theoverall goal of the task, then the various

sub-tasks and the conditions underwhich they should be carried out toachieve that goal

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HTA is an economical method ofgathering and organizing information

The hierarchical structure of HTA enablesthe analyst to focus on crucial aspects ofthe task

HTA can be used as a starting point forusing various error analysis methods toexamine the error potential in theperformance of the required operations.

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The analyst needs to develop a measureof skill in order to analyze the task

effectively. Because HTA has to be carried out in

collaboration with workers, supervisorsand engineers, it entails commitment oftime and effort from busy people.

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OAETs are tree-like diagrams whichrepresent the sequence of various

decisions and actions that the operatingteam is expected to perform whenconfronted with a particular processevent.

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The OAET is a logical method ofstructuring information concerning

operator actions resulting from aparticular initiating event.

OAETs help to identify those tasks whichare important in responding to particularinitiating events.

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The approach is not a satisfactorymethod of identifying mistaken intentions

or diagnostic errors. The OAET approach does not address

error reduction or make any attempt todiscover the root causes of the humanerrors represented.

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These are flow charts which show thesequence of action steps and questions

to be considered in complex tasks whichinvolve decision-making

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Decision/Action charts can be used torepresent tasks which involve decision-

making, time-sharing, or complexconditions and contingencies.

Workers find it easy to express their workmethods in terms of flow diagrams.

They can be used to identify criticalchecks that the workers have to carryout to complete a process control task.

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Decision/Action charts are lineardescriptions of the task, and provide no

information on the hierarchy of goalsand objectives that the worker is trying toachieve.

For complex tasks, the diagrams canbecome too messy.

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What is counselling?

Establishing the relationship

individualand employee.

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Listening

Responding

Ethical concerns

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1. Career

Absence and Sickness

Grievance and Disciplinary Welfare

2. Home Family Issues

Financial Problems

Relationship Problems

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Stress in the workplace

Physical/behavioural signs

Stress reduction planning Tactics to combat stress

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Employee monitoringrefers to anymethod of tracking what an employee

does while at work. Employers havemany options at their disposal when itcomes to monitoring their employees,but the effectiveness and legality of

each technique varies depending onthe situation.

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E-mail Scanning

Data-entry and phone work

Video Surveillance Location Monitoring

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www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

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