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Chapter 15
Maintaining and Troubleshooting
Windows 2000 and XP
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Overview
In this chapter, you will learn to
Maintain Windows 2000/XP
Optimize Windows 2000/XP
Troubleshoot Windows 2000/XP
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Maintaining Windows
CompTIA A+
Essentials
Essentials
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Patches, Updates, Service Packs
Windows updated regularly Flaws, bugs, program errors found and corrected
Windows Update
Allows automatic
updating of systems
over Internet
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Automatic UpdatesAutomatic (recommended)
Updates downloaded and installed automatically
Download updates for me
Updates downloaded but not installed automatically
Notify me User notified when updates are available
Turn off Automatic Updates No automatic updates
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User Accounts and Groups
User account needed to log on to system Only account after install is Administrator
Groups used to assign rights and permissions to
groups of users
Two groups created by default
Administrators Guests (disabled by default)
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Users and Passwords (2000)
Force user logon Users must enter a user name and password
Administrator account
Not recommended for
regular use
Additional account created
for regular use
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Create New Users (2000)
Access Users and Passwords applet from ControlPanel
Creates user name and password
Can add users to groups
Standard UsersPower Users group
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Managing Users in XP
Users and Passwords applet inControl Panel
Similar to Users and
Passwords in 2000
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Managing Users in XP
Two possible logon screens User name and Password boxes
Welcome screen
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Managing Users in XP
Account types Computer administrator (member of administrators
group)
Limited account (member of local users group)
Accounts can be changed
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Fast User Switching
Allows users to switch between sessions One user doesnt need to log off while another
user logs on
Both sessions active (though only one visible at
a time)
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Password Security
Never give out passwords over the phone
Use strong passwords
At least 6 to 8 characters
Include letters (both cases), numbers, symbols
Change passwords at regular intervals
Dont write down passwords
Password reset disk can be used in XP
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Resetting Forgotten Passwords in Windows XP
Windows XP allows the currently logged-on userto create a password reset disk
Use if the password is forgotten
Can access any encrypted files after resettingpassword
If an administrator resets your password, youd lose
access to encrypted files
User Accounts: in Control Panel, select your useraccount, choose Prevent a Forgotten Passwordunder Related Tasks and follow the wizard
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Disk Maintenance
When troubleshooting OS,remember basic disk tools
Error-checking
Disk Defragmenter
Disk Cleanup
Helps clean out junk files
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Maintenance
Registry maintenance Registry can get bloated
Older tool from Microsoft named RegClean
Not updated for 2000/XP
Can use third-party tool such as EasyCleaner
by ToniArts
Security
Spyware/anti-virus/firewall
Integral part of computing today
Covered in more depth in Chapter 23
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Optimizing Windows
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Installing or Removing Software
Installing software Most programs are distributed on CD-ROMs that
make use of the Autorun feature
Or you could use the Add/Remove Programs icon in
Control Panel
Removing software
Use the uninstall option that is part of the program
Or go to Control Panels Add/Remove Software
applet
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Add/Remove Programs
Uninstall option
Control Panel
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Windows Components
Miscellaneous components can be installed oruninstalled
Access from Add/Remove Programs
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Installing/Optimizing a Device
Same in 2000 and XP
Driver Updates
Can use Windows
Updates
Must use Custom
option
Or check manufacturer
Web site
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Driver Signing
Process of testing and verifying drivers
Windows Hardware Quality Lab
Tests drivers
Issues digital signatures
Signed drivers
Designed for Windows 2000
Designed for Windows XP
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Unsigned Drivers
Many manufacturers issue drivers that have notbeen tested & signed by MS
When detected during a hardware install, youll get
the message shown
Can choose Driver Signing Options
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Device Manager Can roll back faulty driver
1. Original driver installed
2. Driver updated (with faulty driver)
3. Driver can be rolled back to original
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Adding a New Device
Windows usually automatically detects newdevices
If not, use the Add Hardware Wizard
From Control Panel
From Hardware tab
of System Properties
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Performance Options
Performance Optionsare under the Advanced tabof My Computer Properties
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Resource Tracking
Core Resources CPU
Memory
Disk
NIC
Resource tracking tools
Task Manager Performance Console
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Task Manager
To start Task Manager, Press Ctrl-Shift-Esc or Ctrl-Alt-Del
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Performance Console
Performance Monitorcontains two utilities
System Monitor snap-in Track resource use and network throughput
Collect and view real-time data about memory, disk, processor,network, and other activity in graph, histogram, or report form
Performance Logs and Alerts snap-in Collect performance data from local or remote computers
Configure logs to record performance data and set system alerts
to notify you when a value is above or below a defined threshold
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Performance ConsoleAdd counter
Legend
Value bar
Press Ctrl-H to highlight one set of data
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Objects and Counters
An objectis a system resource
A countertracks specific
information about
the object
Performance console includes
System Monitor
Shows real-time data onobjects
Click the +to add
counters for new objects
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Performance Logs and Alerts
Performance Logs and Alertsallows you to createa baseline or log
Record of anything that happens on your computer
Right-click Counter Logs and
select New Log Settings
Give it a name and thenmake your choices
f
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Preparing for Problems
Tools to prepare for problems
System Restore
Backup and Restore Wizard
Automated System Recovery
Emergency Repair Disk
Recovery Console
System
Restore
Backup/
Restore
ASR ERD Recovery
Console
2000 Pro No Yes No Yes Yes
XP Home Yes No No No No
XP Pro Yes Yes Yes No Yes
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System Restore
System Restoreenables you to create a restorepoint
A copy of your computers configuration at a specific
point in time
Does not include data, only system configuration
To create a restore point Start | All Programs | Accessories | System Tools |
System Restore
A new restore point is automatically created
whenever you install new software
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System Restore
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Backup and Restore Wizard
Backupprogram enables you to back up andrestore data and system files
Backup System State Data backs up the Registry
and other key system data
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Backup and Restore Wizard
Another option Windows 2000: Emergency Repair Disk(ERD)
Stores a copy of the Registry in \WINNT\REPAIR
Windows XP:Automated System Recovery(ASR) Creates a backup of your system containing the system partition
and disks containing the operating system
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Recovery Console
Recovery Consoleoffers a command-lineinterface to help resolve issues such as faulty
drivers
Access Recovery Console
Run Setup, select Repair and then Recovery
Console (lets you run it from the CD)
Or install to your hard drive and run
\i386\winnt32 /cmdcons
from your Setup CD
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Troubleshooting Windows
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Attempt to Repair
The Recovery Consoleis a text-mode commandinterpreter
Separate from the Windows command prompt
Allows you to gain access to the hard disk
Limited access to NTFS and FAT volumes
Requires an Administrator password
Start and stop services, repair the master boot
record and boot sector, format volumes
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Recovery Console Commands
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Attempt to Restore
For Windows 2000 Use ERD
ERD is available only if ERD disk was created
For XP use ASR
ASR Recovery is available only if ASR backup
was created
Consider ASR a last resort
Restores to ASR backup point
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Rebuild
Try to back up or recover data first
Recover CDs or recovery partitions restore
system to factory state
All data is lost
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Failure to Load GUI
Device driver problems Windows Stop Error
Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)
Remove the device and reboot
Registry
BSOD with Registry File Failure Windows could not start
Restore the Registry (Last Known Good) and reboot
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Advanced Startup Options
Press F8 after POST to launch Advanced StartupOptions
Safe Modes
Enable Boot Logging
Enable VGA Mode
Last Known Good Configuration
Directory Services Restore Mode (Server only)
Debugging Mode
Boot Normally (to abort advanced boot options)
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Advanced Startup Options Safe Mode
Basic files and drivers are loadedwith no network
Can access Device Manager andrestore points in Safe Mode
Often works in response to BSoD
Safe Mode with Networking
Networking capabilities added
Safe Mode with CommandPrompt
Command prompt only
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Advanced Startup Options
Enable Boot Logging ntbtlog.txt is located in the windir folder (C:\winnt)
Enable VGA Mode
Load driver in standard VGA modeAllows correction of settings (refresh/resolution)
Directory Services Restore Mode
Domain controllers only
Debugging Mode
Rarely used
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Advanced Startup Options
Use Last Known Good If you install a new device driver, and Microsoft
Windows 2000 restarts but the system stops
responding
If you accidentally disable a critical device driver
Dont use Last Known Good
When the problem isnt related to Windows 2000
configuration changes
After you log on
When startup failures relate to hardware failures or
missing or corrupted files
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Troubleshooting Tools in the GUI
Once in the GUI, can use any tools wevediscussed or will discuss
Event Viewer
Device Manager
More
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Autoloading Programs
MSConfig Can set which programs and servers automatically
start or dont
Very effective when combating Spyware
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Services and System Files
Services If critical services does not
start, Windows will give error
Common error:
Service set to manualinstead of automatic
System Files
DLLs
Protected with System File Checker (SFC)
SFC /SCANNOW will verify they are healthy
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