meljun cortes computer organization lecture chapter15

8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES Computer Organization Lecture Chapter15

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Chapter 15

Maintaining and Troubleshooting

Windows 2000 and XP


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2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Overview

In this chapter, you will learn to

Maintain Windows 2000/XP

Optimize Windows 2000/XP

Troubleshoot Windows 2000/XP


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Maintaining Windows

CompTIA A+

Essentials

Essentials


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Patches, Updates, Service Packs

Windows updated regularly Flaws, bugs, program errors found and corrected

Windows Update

Allows automatic

updating of systems

over Internet


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Automatic UpdatesAutomatic (recommended)

Updates downloaded and installed automatically

Download updates for me

Updates downloaded but not installed automatically

Notify me User notified when updates are available

Turn off Automatic Updates No automatic updates


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User Accounts and Groups

User account needed to log on to system Only account after install is Administrator

Groups used to assign rights and permissions to

groups of users

Two groups created by default

Administrators Guests (disabled by default)


7/53 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

Users and Passwords (2000)

Force user logon Users must enter a user name and password

Administrator account

Not recommended for

regular use

Additional account created

for regular use



Create New Users (2000)

Access Users and Passwords applet from ControlPanel

Creates user name and password

Can add users to groups

Standard UsersPower Users group



Managing Users in XP

Users and Passwords applet inControl Panel

Similar to Users and

Passwords in 2000




Two possible logon screens User name and Password boxes

Welcome screen




Account types Computer administrator (member of administrators

group)

Limited account (member of local users group)

Accounts can be changed



Fast User Switching

Allows users to switch between sessions One user doesnt need to log off while another

user logs on

Both sessions active (though only one visible at

a time)



Password Security

Never give out passwords over the phone

Use strong passwords

At least 6 to 8 characters

Include letters (both cases), numbers, symbols

Change passwords at regular intervals

Dont write down passwords

Password reset disk can be used in XP



Resetting Forgotten Passwords in Windows XP

Windows XP allows the currently logged-on userto create a password reset disk

Use if the password is forgotten

Can access any encrypted files after resettingpassword

If an administrator resets your password, youd lose

access to encrypted files

User Accounts: in Control Panel, select your useraccount, choose Prevent a Forgotten Passwordunder Related Tasks and follow the wizard



Disk Maintenance

When troubleshooting OS,remember basic disk tools

Error-checking

Disk Defragmenter

Disk Cleanup

Helps clean out junk files



Maintenance

Registry maintenance Registry can get bloated

Older tool from Microsoft named RegClean

Not updated for 2000/XP

Can use third-party tool such as EasyCleaner

by ToniArts

Security

Spyware/anti-virus/firewall

Integral part of computing today

Covered in more depth in Chapter 23


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Optimizing Windows



Installing or Removing Software

Installing software Most programs are distributed on CD-ROMs that

make use of the Autorun feature

Or you could use the Add/Remove Programs icon in

Control Panel

Removing software

Use the uninstall option that is part of the program

Or go to Control Panels Add/Remove Software

applet



Add/Remove Programs

Uninstall option

Control Panel



Windows Components

Miscellaneous components can be installed oruninstalled

Access from Add/Remove Programs



Installing/Optimizing a Device

Same in 2000 and XP

Driver Updates

Can use Windows

Updates

Must use Custom

option

Or check manufacturer

Web site



Driver Signing

Process of testing and verifying drivers

Windows Hardware Quality Lab

Tests drivers

Issues digital signatures

Signed drivers

Designed for Windows 2000

Designed for Windows XP


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Unsigned Drivers

Many manufacturers issue drivers that have notbeen tested & signed by MS

When detected during a hardware install, youll get

the message shown

Can choose Driver Signing Options


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Device Manager Can roll back faulty driver

1. Original driver installed

2. Driver updated (with faulty driver)

3. Driver can be rolled back to original


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Adding a New Device

Windows usually automatically detects newdevices

If not, use the Add Hardware Wizard

From Control Panel

From Hardware tab

of System Properties


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Performance Options

Performance Optionsare under the Advanced tabof My Computer Properties


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Resource Tracking

Core Resources CPU

Memory

Disk

NIC

Resource tracking tools

Task Manager Performance Console


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Task Manager

To start Task Manager, Press Ctrl-Shift-Esc or Ctrl-Alt-Del


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Performance Console

Performance Monitorcontains two utilities

System Monitor snap-in Track resource use and network throughput

Collect and view real-time data about memory, disk, processor,network, and other activity in graph, histogram, or report form

Performance Logs and Alerts snap-in Collect performance data from local or remote computers

Configure logs to record performance data and set system alerts

to notify you when a value is above or below a defined threshold


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Performance ConsoleAdd counter

Legend

Value bar

Press Ctrl-H to highlight one set of data


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Objects and Counters

An objectis a system resource

A countertracks specific

information about

the object

Performance console includes

System Monitor

Shows real-time data onobjects

Click the +to add

counters for new objects


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Performance Logs and Alerts

Performance Logs and Alertsallows you to createa baseline or log

Record of anything that happens on your computer

Right-click Counter Logs and

select New Log Settings

Give it a name and thenmake your choices

f


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Preparing for Problems

Tools to prepare for problems

System Restore

Backup and Restore Wizard

Automated System Recovery

Emergency Repair Disk

Recovery Console

System

Restore

Backup/

Restore

ASR ERD Recovery

Console

2000 Pro No Yes No Yes Yes

XP Home Yes No No No No

XP Pro Yes Yes Yes No Yes


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System Restore

System Restoreenables you to create a restorepoint

A copy of your computers configuration at a specific

point in time

Does not include data, only system configuration

To create a restore point Start | All Programs | Accessories | System Tools |

System Restore

A new restore point is automatically created

whenever you install new software


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System Restore


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Backupprogram enables you to back up andrestore data and system files

Backup System State Data backs up the Registry

and other key system data


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Another option Windows 2000: Emergency Repair Disk(ERD)

Stores a copy of the Registry in \WINNT\REPAIR

Windows XP:Automated System Recovery(ASR) Creates a backup of your system containing the system partition

and disks containing the operating system


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Recovery Console

Recovery Consoleoffers a command-lineinterface to help resolve issues such as faulty

drivers

Access Recovery Console

Run Setup, select Repair and then Recovery

Console (lets you run it from the CD)

Or install to your hard drive and run

\i386\winnt32 /cmdcons

from your Setup CD


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Troubleshooting Windows


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Attempt to Repair

The Recovery Consoleis a text-mode commandinterpreter

Separate from the Windows command prompt

Allows you to gain access to the hard disk

Limited access to NTFS and FAT volumes

Requires an Administrator password

Start and stop services, repair the master boot

record and boot sector, format volumes


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Recovery Console Commands


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Attempt to Restore

For Windows 2000 Use ERD

ERD is available only if ERD disk was created

For XP use ASR

ASR Recovery is available only if ASR backup

was created

Consider ASR a last resort

Restores to ASR backup point


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Rebuild

Try to back up or recover data first

Recover CDs or recovery partitions restore

system to factory state

All data is lost


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Failure to Load GUI

Device driver problems Windows Stop Error

Blue Screen of Death (BSoD)

Remove the device and reboot

Registry

BSOD with Registry File Failure Windows could not start

Restore the Registry (Last Known Good) and reboot


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Advanced Startup Options

Press F8 after POST to launch Advanced StartupOptions

Safe Modes

Enable Boot Logging

Enable VGA Mode

Last Known Good Configuration

Directory Services Restore Mode (Server only)

Debugging Mode

Boot Normally (to abort advanced boot options)


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Advanced Startup Options Safe Mode

Basic files and drivers are loadedwith no network

Can access Device Manager andrestore points in Safe Mode

Often works in response to BSoD

Safe Mode with Networking

Networking capabilities added

Safe Mode with CommandPrompt

Command prompt only


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Enable Boot Logging ntbtlog.txt is located in the windir folder (C:\winnt)

Enable VGA Mode

Load driver in standard VGA modeAllows correction of settings (refresh/resolution)

Directory Services Restore Mode

Domain controllers only

Debugging Mode

Rarely used


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Use Last Known Good If you install a new device driver, and Microsoft

Windows 2000 restarts but the system stops

responding

If you accidentally disable a critical device driver

Dont use Last Known Good

When the problem isnt related to Windows 2000

configuration changes

After you log on

When startup failures relate to hardware failures or

missing or corrupted files


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Troubleshooting Tools in the GUI

Once in the GUI, can use any tools wevediscussed or will discuss

Event Viewer

Device Manager

More


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Autoloading Programs

MSConfig Can set which programs and servers automatically

start or dont

Very effective when combating Spyware


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Services and System Files

Services If critical services does not

start, Windows will give error

Common error:

Service set to manualinstead of automatic

System Files

DLLs

Protected with System File Checker (SFC)

SFC /SCANNOW will verify they are healthy


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meljun cortes computer organization lecture chapter15

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