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E-CommerceDr. De Leon
Reporters:Trishna HemnaniMelissa ChangRolly Sabulao
Annalia !iernes
"n#rastructure #or E- commerce
Technology Infrastructure: The Internet
and the World Wide Web
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Objectives
"n this chapter$ you %ill learn about:
& The origin$ gro%th$ an' current structure o# the"nternet
& Ho% pac(et-s%itche' net%or(s are combine' to#orm the "nternet
& Ho% "nternet protocols an' "nternet a''ressing
%or(- TC)*")
& The history an' use o# mar(up languages on the+eb$ inclu'ing S,ML$ HTML$ an' ML
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Objectives
& Ho% HTML tags an' lin(s %or( on the +orl' +i'e+eb
& The 'i##erences among internets$ intranets$ an'etranets
& /ptions #or connecting to the "nternet$ inclu'ing costan' ban'%i'th #actors
& About "nternet0 an' the Semantic +eb
& "nternet Search Engines an' )ortals
& 1ploa'ing o2er the internet
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The Internet and the World Wide Web
& Computer net%or(
3 Any technology that allo%s people to connectcomputers to each other
& The "nternet
3 A large system o# interconnecte' computer
net%or(s spanning the globe& +orl' +i'e +eb
3 A subset o# computers on the "nternet
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Origins of the Internet
& Early 4567s
3 1.S. Department o# De#ense #un'e' research toeplore creating a %orl'%i'e net%or(
& "n4565$ De#ense Department researchers 3 Connecte' #our computers into net%or( calle'
AR)A8ET
& Throughout 4597s an' 457s
3 Aca'emic researchers connecte' to AR)A8ETan' contribute' to its technological'e2elopments
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New Uses for the Internet
& 4590
3 E-mail %as born
& Mailing list
3 E-mail a''ress that #or%ar's any messagerecei2e' to any user %ho has subscribe' to thelist
& 1senet
3 Starte' by group o# stu'ents an' programmers atDu(e 1ni2ersity an' the 1ni2ersity o# 8orthCarolina
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Growth of the Internet
& "n 4554$ 8S; 3 Ease' restrictions on commercial "nternet
acti2ity
3
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Growth of the Internet
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Emergence of the World Wide Web
& The +eb
3 So#t%are that runs on computers connecte' tothe "nternet
& !anne2ar
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Emergence of the World Wide Web
!ontinued"& Tim
3 "nclu'es set o# co'es =or tags> attache' to tet
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#ac$et%&witched Networ$s
& Local area net%or( =LA8>
3 8et%or( o# computers locate' close together
& +i'e area net%or(s =+A8s>
3 8et%or(s o# computers connecte' o2er greater'istances
& Circuit
3 Combination o# telephone lines an' close's%itches that connect them to each other
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#ac$et%&witched Networ$s !ontinued"
& Circuit s%itching
3 Centrally controlle'$ single-connection mo'el
& )ac(ets 3 ;iles an' e-mail messages on a packet-
switched net%or( that are bro(en 'o%n intosmall pieces
3 Tra2el #rom computer to computer along theinterconnecte' net%or(s until they reach their'estinations
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'outing #ac$ets
& Routing computers
3 Computers that 'eci'e ho% best to #or%ar'pac(ets
& Routing algorithms
3 Rules containe' in programs on routercomputers that 'etermine the best path on
%hich to sen' pac(et
3 )rograms apply their routing algorithms toin#ormation they ha2e store' in routing tables
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'outer%based (rchitecture of the
Internet
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Internet #rotocols
& )rotocol 3 Collection o# rules #or #ormatting$ or'ering$ an'
error-chec(ing 'ata sent across a net%or(
&Rules contributing to success o# "nternet 3 "n'epen'ent net%or(s shoul' not re?uire any
internal changes to be connecte' to the net%or(
3 )ac(ets that 'o not arri2e at their 'estinationsmust be retransmitte' #rom their source net%or(
3 Router computers act as recei2e-an'-#or%ar''e2ices
3 8o global control eists o2er the net%or(
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T!#)I#
& TC)
3 Controls 'isassembly o# a message or a #ile
into pac(ets be#ore transmission o2er "nternet 3 Controls reassembly o# pac(ets into their
original #ormats %hen they reach their'estinations
& ")
3 Speci#ies a''ressing 'etails #or each pac(et
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I# (ddressing
& "nternet )rotocol 2ersion @ =")2@>
3 1ses a 0-bit number to i'enti#y computersconnecte' to the "nternet
& number system 3 1se' by computers to per#orm internal
calculations
& Subnetting
3 1se o# reser2e' pri2ate ") a''resses %ithinLA8s an' +A8s to pro2i'e a''itional a''ressspace
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I# (ddressing !ontinued"
& )ri2ate ") a''resses
3 Series o# ") numbers not permitte' on pac(etsthat tra2el on the "nternet
& 8et%or( A''ress Translation =8AT> 'e2ice
3 1se' in subnetting to con2ert pri2ate ")a''resses into normal ") a''resses
& "nternet )rotocol 2ersion 6 =")26> 3 )rotocol that %ill replace ")2@
3 1ses a 40-bit number #or a''resses
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*omain Names
& Sets o# %or's assigne' to speci#ic ")a''resses
& Top-le2el 'omain =or TLD> 3 Rightmost part o# a 'omain name
& "nternet Corporation #or Assigne' 8ames an'
8umbers ="CA88> 3 Responsible #or managing 'omain names an'
coor'inating them %ith ") a''ress registrars
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To+%level *omain Names
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Web #age 'e,uest and *elivery
#rotocols& +eb client computers
3 Run so#t%are calle' Web client software or
Web browser software& +eb ser2er computer
3 Runs so#t%are calle' +eb ser2er so#t%are
& Client*ser2er architecture
3 Combination o# client computers running +ebclient so#t%are an' ser2er computers running+eb ser2er so#t%are
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Web #age 'e,uest and *elivery
#rotocols !ontinued"
& Hypertet Trans#er )rotocol =HTT)>
3 Set o# rules #or 'eli2ering +eb page #iles o2er
the "nternet
& 1ni#orm Resource Locator =1RL>
3 Combination o# the protocol name an' 'omain
name
3 Allo%s user to locate a resource =the +ebpage> on another computer =the +eb ser2er>
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Electronic -ail #rotocols !ontinued"
& Simple Mail Trans#er )rotocol =SMT)>
3 Speci#ies #ormat o# a mail message
& )ost /##ice )rotocol =)/)>
3 )/) message can tell the e-mail ser2er to
& Sen' mail to userBs computer an' 'elete it #rome-mail ser2er
& Sen' mail to userBs computer an' not 'elete it
& Simply as( %hether ne% mail has arri2e'
3 )ro2i'es support #or Multipurpose "nternet MailEtensions =M"ME>
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-ar$u+ .anguages and the Web
& Tet mar(up language
3 Speci#ies set o# tags that are inserte' into tet
& Stan'ar' ,eneralie' Mar(up Language=S,ML>
3 /l'er an' comple tet mar(up language
3 A meta language
& +orl' +i'e +eb Consortium =+C>
3 8ot-#or-pro#it group that maintains stan'ar's#or the +eb
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*evelo+ment of -ar$u+ .anguages
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&tandard Generali/ed -ar$u+
.anguage& /##ers a system o# mar(ing up 'ocuments
that is in'epen'ent o# any so#t%are
application
& 8onproprietary an' plat#orm in'epen'ent
& /##ers user-'e#ine' tags
& Costly to set up an' maintain
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0y+erte1t -ar$u+ .anguage 0T-."
& )re2alent mar(up language use' to create'ocuments on the +eb to'ay
& HTML tags
3 "nterprete' by +eb bro%ser an' use' by it to#ormat the 'isplay o# the tet
& HTML Lin(s
3 Linear hyperlin( structure
3 Hierarchical hyperlin( structure
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0y+erte1t -ar$u+ .anguage 0T-."
!ontinued"& Scripting languages an' style sheets
3 Most common scripting languages
&a2aScript$ Script$ )erl$ an' !
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E1tensible -ar$u+ .anguage 2-."
& 1ses paire' start an' stop tags
& "nclu'es 'ata management capabilities that
HTML cannot pro2i'e& Di##erences bet%een ML an' HTML
3 ML is not a mar(up language %ith 'e#ine'
tags
3 ML tags 'o not speci#y ho% tet appears on a+eb page
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#rocessing a 'e,uest for an 2-. #age
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&G-.
& S tandard G eneralized M arkup Language, a system #ororganiing an' tagging elements o# a 'ocument. S,ML %as'e2elope' an' stan'ar'ie' by the "nternational /rganiation#or Stan'ar's ="S/> in 456. S,ML itsel# 'oes not speci#y anyparticular #ormatting rather$ it speci#ies the rules #or taggingelements. These tags can then be interprete' to #ormatelements in 'i##erent %ays.
& S,ML is use' %i'ely to manage large 'ocuments that aresubect to #re?uent re2isions an' nee' to be printe' in 'i##erent#ormats.
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Intranets and E1tranets
& "ntranet
3 "nterconnecte' net%or( that 'oes not eten'beyon' organiation that create' it
& Etranet
3 "ntranet eten'e' to inclu'e entities outsi'e
boun'aries o# organiation 3 Connects companies %ith suppliers$ business
partners$ or other authorie' users
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#ublic and #rivate Networ$s
& )ublic net%or(
3 Any computer net%or( or telecommunicationsnet%or( a2ailable to the public
& )ri2ate net%or( 3 A pri2ate$ lease'-line connection bet%een t%o
companies that physically connects theirintranets
& Lease' line
3 A permanent telephone connection bet%een t%opoints
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3irtual #rivate Networ$ 3#N"
& Etranet that uses public net%or(s an' theirprotocols
& ") tunneling
3 E##ecti2ely creates a pri2ate passage%aythrough the public "nternet
& Encapsulation 3 )rocess use' by !)8 so#t%are
& !)8 so#t%are 3 Must be installe' on the computers at both
en's o# the transmission
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Internet !onnection O+tions
&
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3oice%Grade Tele+hone !onnections
& )/TS$ or plain ol' telephone ser2ice
3 1ses eisting telephone lines an' analogmo'em
3 )ro2i'e ban'%i'th bet%een 0 an' F6 Gbps
& Digital Subscriber Line =DSL>
3 Connection metho's 'o not use mo'em
& "ntegrate' Ser2ices Digital 8et%or( ="SD8> 3 /##ers ban'%i'ths bet%een 40 Gbps an' 0F6
Gbps
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4roadband !onnections
& /perate at spee's o# greater than 077 Gbps
& Asymmetric 'igital subscriber =ADSL>
3 Transmission ban'%i'th is #rom 477 to 6@7 Gbps
upstream an' #rom 4.F to 5 Mbps 'o%nstream
& Cable mo'ems
3 )ro2i'e transmission spee's bet%een 77 Gbps
an' 4 Mbps& DSL
3 )ri2ate line %ith no competing tra##ic
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.eased%.ine !onnections
& DS7 ='igital signal ero> 3 Telephone line 'esigne' to carry 4 'igital signal
& T4 line =also calle' a DS4>
3 Carries 0@ DS7 lines an' operates at 4.F@@ Mbps
& ;ractional T4
3 )ro2i'es ser2ice spee's o# 40 Gbps an' up%ar' in
40-Gbps increments& T ser2ice =also calle' DS>
3 /##ers @@.96 Mbps
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Wireless !onnections
&
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Wireless Ethernet Wi%5i or 6789b"
& Most common %ireless connectiontechnology #or use on LA8s
& +ireless access point =+A)>
3 De2ice that transmits net%or( pac(etsbet%een +i-;i-e?uippe' computers an' other'e2ices
& Has potential ban'%i'th o# 44 Mbps an'range o# about 77 #eet
& De2ices are capable o# roaming
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Wireless Ethernet Wi%5i or 6789b"
!ontinued"
& 70.44a protocol
3 Capable o# transmitting 'ata at spee's up to
F@ Mbps& 70.44g protocol
3 Has F@ Mbps spee' o# 70.44a
3 Compatible %ith 70.44b 'e2ices& 70.44n
3 Epecte' to o##er spee's up to 07 Mbps
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5i1ed%#oint Wireless
& /ne 2ersion uses system o# repeaters to#or%ar' ra'io signal #rom "S) to customers
& Repeaters 3 Transmitter-recei2er 'e2ices =transcei2ers>
& Mesh Routing
3 Directly transmits +i-;i pac(ets throughhun're's$ or e2en thousan's$ o# short-rangetranscei2ers
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!ellular Tele+hone Networ$s
& Thir'-generation =,> cell phones
3 Combine latest technologies a2ailable to'ay
& Short message ser2ice =SMS> 3 )rotocol use' to sen' an' recei2e short tet
messages
& Mobile commerce =m-commerce> 3 Describes the (in's o# resources people might
%ant to access using %ireless 'e2ices
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Internet8 and the &emantic Web
& "nternet0
3 Eperimental test be' #or ne% net%or(ing
technologies
3 Has achie2e' ban'%i'ths o# 47 ,bps an'more on parts o# its net%or(
3 1se' by uni2ersities to con'uct largecollaborati2e research proects
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Internet8 and the &emantic Web
!ontinued"
& Semantic +eb 3 )roect by Tim
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Internet &earch engines and +ortals
& A web +ortal or lin$s +age is a %eb site that #unctions as apoint o# access to in#ormation in the +orl' +i'e +eb. A portalpresents in#ormation #rom 'i2erse sources in a uni#ie' %ay.
& Apart #rom the stan'ar' search engine #eature$ %eb portals o##erother ser2ices such as e-mail$ ne%s$ stoc( prices$ in#ormation$
'atabases an' entertainment. )ortals pro2i'e a %ay #orenterprises to pro2i'e a consistent loo( an' #eel %ith accesscontrol an' proce'ures #or multiple applications an' 'atabases$%hich other%ise %oul' ha2e been 'i##erent entities altogether.
& Eamples o# public %eb portals
are A/L$ Ecite$ i,oogle$ MS8$ 8et2ibes$ an' ahooI.
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Ty+es of +ortals
& Horiontal !s. !ertical )ortals
3 T%o broa' categoriations o# portals arehoriontal portals$ %hich co2er many areas$ an'
2ertical portals$ %hich are #ocuse' on one#unctional area. Another 'e#inition #or a horiontalportal is$ that it is use' as a plat#orm to se2eralcompanies in the same economic sector or to thesame type o# manu#acturers or 'istributors. A2ertical portal conse?uently is a specialie' entrypoint to a speci#ic mar(et or in'ustry niche$subect area$ or interest$ also calle' !ortal .
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;inds of +ortals
& #ersonal +ortals
3 A personal portal is a site on the +orl' +i'e+eb that typically pro2i'es personalie'
capabilities to its 2isitors$ pro2i'ing a path%ay toother content. "t is 'esigne' to use 'istribute'applications$ 'i##erent numbers an' typeso# mi''le%are an' har'%are to pro2i'e ser2ices
#rom a number o# 'i##erent sources. "n a''ition$business portals are 'esigne' #or sharing an'collaboration in %or(places.
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& 8e%s portal
3 The tra'itional me'ia rooms all aroun' the%orl' are #ast a'apting to the ne% age
technologies. This mar(s the beginning o#ne%s portals by me'ia houses across theglobe. This ne% me'ia channels gi2e them theopportunity to reach the 2ie%ers in a shorter
span o# time than their print me'ia counterparts.
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,o2ernment +eb )ortals
& At the en' o# the 'ot-com boom in the 4557s$ many go2ernments ha' alrea'ycommitte' to creating portal sites #or their citiens. These inclu'e' primaryportals to the ,o2ernments as %ell as portals 'e2elope' #or speci#ic au'iences.
Eamples o# ,o2ernment %eb portals inclu'e& australia.go2.au #or Australia.
& 1SA.go2 #or the 1nite' States =in English> J ,obierno1SA.go2 =in Spanish>.
& Disability.go2 #or citiens %ith 'isabilities in the 1nite' States.
& Directgo2 #or citiens J businesslin(.go2.u( #or businesses in the 1nite'Ging'om.
& in'ia.go2.in #or "n'ia.
& Europa =%eb portal> lin(s to all E1 agencies an' institutions in a''ition to pressreleases an' au'io2isual content #rom press con#erences.
& Health-E1 portal gathers all rele2ant health topics #rom across Europe.
& 8ational Resource Directory lin(s to resources #or 1nite' States Ser2ice
Members$ !eterans an' their #amilies =8RD.go2>.
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& Search portals
3 Search portals aggregate results #rom se2eralsearch engines into one page.
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& "nternet search engines an' portals
The Maor +eb Directories an' )ortals on the"nternet.'oc
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U#.O(*ING O3E' T0E INTE'NET
& Tutorial 0ow to U+load
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& /nce your site is create' %hether your personal %ebsite$ sales page or onlinestore to sell your o%n pro'ucts online$ 'e#initely you %ant it accessible on theinternet aroun' the %orl'. +ell$ in or'er to 'o this you nee' another etraitems. There are 'omain name$ %eb hosting ser2er =%eb host> an' ;T). Domain
name is your speci#ic %ebsite a''ress or your %ebsite 1RL li(e %%%.your-'omain-name.com =http:**%%%.your-'omain-name.com>. +eb hosting ser2er is aplace to create or to (eep your o%n %ebsite. /nce you place your %ebsite intoyour %eb hosting ser2er then it can be accessible' on the internet aroun' the%orl'.
& ;T) is ;ile Trans#er )rotocol %hich %ill be use' to connect your computer an'your %eb hosting ser2er. The ;T) so#t%are =program> %hich %ill be use' to
trans#er or uploa' your %ebsite #rom your computer into your %eb hosting ser2ercalle' ;T) Client. This tutorial %ill sho% you ho% to uploa' your %ebsite step bystep using uic(connect button #rom your computer into your %eb hosting ser2erusing ;ileilla Client ;T). ;ileilla Client ;T) is 'istribute' un'er the ,81,E8ERAL )1
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& 0ow to U+load
& The ;ileilla Client ;T) so#t%are %ill be opene' as sho%n belo%
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& &te+ ?
& ,etting to (no% the ;ileilla 'isplay areas.
E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fi!h "nn#a$ Edi!ion 58
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& There are F most important areas you nee'to i'enti#y %hen use #ree ;ileilla Client ;T).
& 9 .ogin (rea
& "n or'er to communicate %ith your %ebhosting ser2er$ you nee' to type inyour host$username$ +assword$ +ort an'
press the =uic$connect button as sho%nbelo%
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fi!h "nn#a$ Edi!ion 61
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& 89 .ogin &tatus (rea
& Accepte' login status as sho%n belo%- *irectory listing successful
& Error login status as sho%n belo% - !ouldnot connect to server
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>9 as sho%n belo%. +hen youclic( on any 'irectory on A4 section$ the #iles an' #ol'ers insi'e
the 'irectory %ill be sho%n on the A0 section. To uploa' your%ebsite #rom your computer into your %eb hosting ser2er$'ouble clic( on your %ebsite 'irectory on A4 section. All the #ilesan' #ol'ers insi'e your %ebsite 'irectory %ill be 'isplaye' on A0section. Select all the #iles an' #ol'ers on A0 section an' 'rag itinto your %eb hosting ser2er on
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fi!h "nn#a$ Edi!ion 65
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& ?9
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fi!h "nn#a$ Edi!ion 68
& The %eb hosting ser2er %hich has thecapability to host only single 'omain name$the 'isplay area %ill be li(e this as sho%n
belo%. +hen you clic( on any 'irectory on C4section as sho%n belo%$ the #iles an' #ol'ersinsi'e that 'irectory %ill be sho%n on the C0section. To uploa' your %ebsite$ 'ouble clic(
the +ublic@html 'irectory an' trans#er your%ebsite #rom your computer into C0 section
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E-Commerce: The Second Wave, Fi!h "nn#a$ Edi!ion 69
A9 U+load or *ownload &tatus *is+lay(
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(rea
U+load or download status will be
dis+layed here as shown below
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& &te+ A
& +ell$ be#ore you can use ;ileilla Client ;T) to uploa' your %ebsiteinto your %eb hosting ser2er you nee' to ma(e sure you (no% @ mostimportant (eys here. Host$ username$ pass%or' an' port.
& 4. 0ost is your 'omain name.
& "# your %ebsite a''ress is http:**%%%.#ree-'emo.net thenyour host name %ill befree%demo9net
& 0. Username is your %eb hosting #tp username an'. #assword is your %eb hosting #tp pass%or'
& +hene2er you buy the %eb hosting pac(age =%eb host O 'omain
name>$ the username an' pass%or' %ill be emaile' to you. These %illbe your %eb hosting #tp username an' pass%or'. 1nless you 'i' createthe ne% one. ou %ill also use this username an' pass%or' to login intoyour %eb hosting control panel.
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& @. +hat is portP #ort is a speci#ic channel to i'enti#ya speci#ic in?uiry to %eb hosting ser2er so#t%are.+hen the in?uiry arri2es at the %eb hosting ser2er$the %eb hosting ser2er so#t%are %ill #or%ar' amassage to the re?uestor %hether to accept or toreect the in?uiry. "# the in?uiry is accepte' then there?uestor an' %eb hosting ser2er can communicateeach other through this port.
& The stan'ar' port #or ;T) is 8
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& &te+ B
& Here$ " %ill sho% you ho% to trans#er your %ebsite #rom your computerinto your %eb hosting ser2er. The tutorials belo% is using the %ebhosting ser2er that has the capability to host multiple 'omain name.
& but %aitI...
& " ust bought this %eb hosting pac(age #rom Cheap +ebHosting Ser2ice. The %eb hosting pac(age cost %as 1SD Q476 peryear =Corporate +eb Hosting )ac(age O 4 'omain>. The #eatures are0F77 ,< 'is( space$ 0F777 ,<
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& .ets start the u+loading999
& To uploa' your %ebsite into your %eb hosting ser2er$ you nee'to login into your %eb hosting ser2er using #ree ;ileilla Client;T). Type in your host$ username$ pass%or' an' port 04 as
sho%n belo% an' press the uic(connect button. +hen thelogin status area in'icate directory listing successful$meaning that you are login into your %eb hosting ser2ersuccess#ully.
& Here " %ill choose my htt+:))www9free%demo9net 'omain
name then the host %ill be free%demo9net$ my username is ahimin40$ my +assword is secret an' port is 04 as sho%nbelo%.
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& CNote: ;or sa#ety purpose the ahimin40 username an' pass%or' %ill be'elete' %hen the tutorials 'emo is complete'.the easyeboo$moneyreseller9/i+ also %ill be 'elete'
& &te+ D: On $ choose an' clic( your %ebsite 'irectory. The%ebsite 'irectory contents %ill be 'isplaye' un'er the #ilename as sho%nbelo%.
& " ust bought Easy Eboo( Money %ith master resale rights an' put it on my%web%site'irectory. " am going to sell this eboo( on resale rights eboo( or%%%.resalerightseboo(.net.
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& &te+ 6: On
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& &te+ : 4ac$ (gain On as sho%n belo% an' pressthe &hift button on your (eyboar' then use your mouseagain to clic( the last #ile =(eep pressing the Shi#t button%hile selecting other #iles>... 'one.
& "# you %ant to select only some o# the #iles... ust 'o %hat" 'i'$ press the !trlbutton on your (eyboar' =(eeppressing the Ctrl button> then use your mouse to selectany %ante' #iles... 'one.
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& &te+ 7: &till On
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& &te+ : U+load &tatus
& The uploa' progress %ill be 'isplaye' on theuploa' *'o%nloa' status area as sho%n
belo%
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& &te+ 8: U+load !om+leted
& All the chosen #iles an' #ol'er are uploa'e'success#ully #rom my computer into my %eb
hosting ser2er. The chosen #iles an' #ol'er onmy computer are the same as uploa'e' intomy chosen 'omain name on my %eb hostingser2er as sho%n belo%.
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& e- commerceVHo% to uploa' your %ebsite onthe internet.#l2
88
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89
&ummary
& TC)*")
3 )rotocol suite use' to create an' transportin#ormation pac(ets across the "nternet
& )/)$ SMT)$ an' "MA)
3 )rotocols that help manage e-mail
& Languages 'eri2e' #rom S,ML
3 Hypertet Mar(up Language =HTML>
3 Etensible Mar(up Language =ML>
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&ummary
& "ntranets
3 )ri2ate internal net%or(s
& Etranet 3 1se' %hen companies %ant to collaborate %ith
suppliers$ partners$ or customers
& "nternet0 3 Eperimental net%or( built by a consortium o#
research uni2ersities an' businesses