IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Authors:
Amin Mohseni, Saeed Mohajer Yami, Amir Abbas Shayegani Akmal
Modeling of Matrix Fault Current Limiter and Its VerificaBon
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High Voltage Institute of University of Tehran
October 5 – 2011 Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
! INTRODUCTION ! THEORETICAL MODEL OF Bi2212 SFCL ! Basic principle of SFCL
! E-‐J Characteris@cs of Bi2212
! MFCL CONCEPT AND DESIGN ! MFCL architecture
! Arrangement of numerically analyzed setup
! SIMULATION RESULTS
! CONCLUSION
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
INTRODUCTION ! Importance of fault current limiting
! Viable solutions: Upgrade existing substation equipment especially circuit
breakers with higher capability Use of fault current limiters (FCL) • Series reactors • High-impedance transformers • Resonance-based
• Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL)
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)
! Superconducting (SC) materials Low AC loss in normal operation High mechanical strength Good thermal stability ! Low temperature superconductors (LTS) High cooling costs ! High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) Less cooling costs
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
THEORETICAL MODEL OF Bi2212 SFCL
! Basic principle of SFCL Superconductor resis2vity Rapidly increasing temperature and
resistance at the fault condi2on
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ρ=
0 superconducting state
ρ(j,T,B) flux-flow state
ρ(T) normal conducting state
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
! E-J characteristics of Bi2212
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Under the hypothesis of
adiabaBc condiBon, the temperature rise is:
Resistance of superconductor:
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
MFCL CONCEPT AND DESIGN Reliable and cost-effective fault current limiting device,
especially for transmission voltage level applications
Able to detect and limit fault currents, and subsequently recover to its superconducting state automatically without resorting to active switching and controlling mechanisms.
Invisible to the power system with no major device loss or substantial voltage drop.
Composed of modular components that enable scalability for a range of applications.
Highly reliable with built-in redundancy in the design, such that a failure of any individual component does not result in a failure of the entire device.
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
! MFCL Architecture
Basic module of an MFCL: 1) Trigger part 2) Current limiting part • Superconducting element R • Shunted coil element L
Advantages: Fast quenching of superconducting elements Reduce the I2R hea2ng of the superconduc2ng elements
Fast recovery of superconducting element Make the system more reliable
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
! m×n matrix architecture m current-limiting modules in series (peak value of the normal opera2ng current level)
n current-limiting matrix elements in parallel (current limi2ng impedance needed for a specific network)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
! Arrangement of numerically analyzed setup
MFCL usage in transmission level application
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
System under study consists of 36 elements connected in series
Each consisting of an HTS tube and 0.03 mH parallel connected inductor
Modeling of MFCL in EMTP-RV environment
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
SIMULATION RESULTS
MFCL achieves 84% first peak limiting at 8660 VAC in practice
MFCL achieves 73% first peak limiting at 15 kV Line-to-Line voltage in simulation
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
MFCL waveforms
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
CONCLUSION Comparison between experimental results done in
practice and simulation results Verification of theoretical basis of SFCL internal
mechanism applied in MFCL Resistance of each current limiting element is finally
limited to 0.33 Ω The whole MFCL shows about 3 Ω resistance at the
fault clearing instance
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IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Thank you for your aTenBon
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