IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

Authors:  

Amin  Mohseni,  Saeed  Mohajer  Yami,  Amir  Abbas  Shayegani  Akmal  

Modeling  of  Matrix  Fault  Current  Limiter  and  Its  VerificaBon  

1  

High Voltage Institute of University of Tehran  

October 5 – 2011 Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  Canada  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

!   INTRODUCTION  !   THEORETICAL  MODEL  OF  Bi2212  SFCL  !   Basic  principle  of  SFCL    

!   E-­‐J  Characteris@cs  of  Bi2212    

!   MFCL  CONCEPT  AND  DESIGN  !   MFCL  architecture  

!   Arrangement  of  numerically  analyzed  setup  

!   SIMULATION  RESULTS  

!   CONCLUSION  

2  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

INTRODUCTION  !   Importance of fault current limiting

!   Viable solutions:  Upgrade existing substation equipment especially circuit

breakers with higher capability  Use of fault current limiters (FCL) •  Series reactors •  High-impedance transformers •  Resonance-based

•  Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL)  

3  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL)

!   Superconducting (SC) materials   Low AC loss in normal operation   High mechanical strength   Good thermal stability !   Low temperature superconductors (LTS)   High cooling costs !   High Temperature Superconductors (HTS)   Less cooling costs

4  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

THEORETICAL  MODEL  OF  Bi2212  SFCL  

!   Basic principle of SFCL  Superconductor  resis2vity   Rapidly  increasing  temperature  and    

resistance  at  the  fault  condi2on  

5  

ρ=

0 superconducting state

ρ(j,T,B) flux-flow state

ρ(T) normal conducting state

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

!   E-J characteristics of Bi2212

6  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

Under  the  hypothesis  of    

adiabaBc  condiBon,  the    temperature  rise  is:  

Resistance  of  superconductor:  

7  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

MFCL  CONCEPT  AND  DESIGN   Reliable and cost-effective fault current limiting device,

especially for transmission voltage level applications

  Able to detect and limit fault currents, and subsequently recover to its superconducting state automatically without resorting to active switching and controlling mechanisms.

  Invisible to the power system with no major device loss or substantial voltage drop.

  Composed of modular components that enable scalability for a range of applications.

  Highly reliable with built-in redundancy in the design, such that a failure of any individual component does not result in a failure of the entire device.

8  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

!   MFCL  Architecture

 Basic module of an MFCL: 1)  Trigger part 2)  Current limiting part •  Superconducting element R •  Shunted coil element L

 Advantages:   Fast quenching of superconducting elements   Reduce  the  I2R  hea2ng  of  the  superconduc2ng  elements  

  Fast recovery of superconducting element   Make the system more reliable

9  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

!   m×n matrix architecture   m current-limiting modules in series (peak  value  of  the  normal  opera2ng  current  level)

  n current-limiting matrix elements in parallel (current  limi2ng  impedance  needed  for  a  specific  network)

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

!   Arrangement of numerically analyzed setup

 MFCL usage in transmission level application

11  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

 System under study consists of 36 elements connected in series

 Each consisting of an HTS tube and 0.03 mH parallel connected inductor

 Modeling of MFCL in EMTP-RV environment

12  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

SIMULATION  RESULTS  

  MFCL achieves 84% first peak limiting at 8660 VAC in practice

  MFCL achieves 73% first peak limiting at 15 kV Line-to-Line voltage in simulation

13  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

MFCL  waveforms  

14  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

CONCLUSION   Comparison between experimental results done in

practice and simulation results  Verification of theoretical basis of SFCL internal

mechanism applied in MFCL  Resistance of each current limiting element is finally

limited to 0.33 Ω  The whole MFCL shows about 3 Ω resistance at the

fault clearing instance

15  

IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference

Thank  you  for  your  aTenBon  

16