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Mole-Volume Relationships- Gases• The volumes of one mole of different
solid and liquid substances are not the same (water vs. glucose). One mole of glucose is much larger than 1 mole of water.
• Unlike liquids and solids, the volumes of moles of gases are much more predictable under the same physical conditions.
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Mole-Volume Relationships- Gases• The volume of a gas varies with a change in
temperature or a change in pressure. Because of this variation, the volume of a gas is usually measured at a standard temperature and pressure (STP).
• Standard Temperature and Pressure:• Temperature is 0°C• 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm)• At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of
22.4L (equal to 11, 2-liter soda bottles full of liquid)
• 22.4 L is known as the molar volume of a gas and is measured at STP
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
• Temperature is 0°C
• 101.3 kPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm)
• At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4L (equal to 11 2-liter soda bottles full of liquid)
• 22.4 L is known as the molar volume of a gas and is measured at STP
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• Because 1 mol of any substance contains Advogadro’s number of particles, 22.4 L of any gas at STP contains 6.023 x 1023 representative particles of that gas.
• Why do gases need to be at STP in order for this to hold true?
• How does temperature affect the volume of a gas?
• increase temperature: particles move faster and take up more space; decrease temperature: particles move slower and take up less space
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How does pressure affect the volume of a gas?
• increased pressure pushes the particles closer together and decreases the volume, while decreased pressure allows the particles to spread out and increases the volume
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Examples
Determine the volume, in liters, of 0.60 mol SO2 gas at STP
Knowns: Unknowns:
Calculate:
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The density of a gaseous compound containing carbon and oxygen is 1.964 g/L at STP. Determine
the molar mass of the compound.
• Knowns: Unknowns:
• Calculate: