Molecular Molecular CompoundsCompounds
SNC2DSNC2D
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and ?and ?
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow Sometimes non-metals don’t borrow electrons from metals to fill their electrons from metals to fill their last shell; instead, they get together last shell; instead, they get together and and shareshare their electrons. their electrons.
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called ?the atoms is called ?
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Since they are sharing valence Since they are sharing valence electrons, the bond formed between electrons, the bond formed between the atoms is called the atoms is called covalentcovalent..
These compounds can be represented These compounds can be represented using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.using Lewis dot diagrams: e.g.
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Or, more commonly, by Kekulé Or, more commonly, by Kekulé diagrams, where each electron diagrams, where each electron shared is represented by a line shared is represented by a line connecting the chemical symbols, connecting the chemical symbols, e.g.:e.g.:
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Example:Example:
Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds
Example:Example:
Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds
The sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:
Multiple BondsMultiple Bonds
The sharing of more than one electron The sharing of more than one electron is represented using more than one is represented using more than one line, e.g.:line, e.g.:
There is a double bond between the There is a double bond between the carbon atoms.carbon atoms.
Naming Molecular Naming Molecular CompoundsCompounds
The elements in the name are given The elements in the name are given prefixes corresponding to the prefixes corresponding to the subscripts (number of atoms) and subscripts (number of atoms) and the second element is given the the second element is given the suffix “-ide.”suffix “-ide.”
e.g.e.g. COCO22 is carbon is carbon didioxideoxide
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 22 33 44 55 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 33 44 55 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 44 55 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 55 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-
The PrefixesThe Prefixes
11 Mono-*Mono-* 22 Di-Di- 33 Tri-Tri- 44 Tetra-Tetra- 55 Penta-Penta- 66 Hexa-Hexa- 77 Hepta-Hepta-
* The 1* The 1stst element in the name never element in the name never need a mono-need a mono-
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44
NN22OO
ClCl22OO77
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO
ClCl22OO77
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
ClCl22OO77
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33
diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33
diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55
sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide
ExamplesExamples
OFOF44 oxygen tetrafluorideoxygen tetrafluoride
NN22OO dinitrogen monoxidedinitrogen monoxide
ClCl22OO77 dichlorine heptoxidedichlorine heptoxide
iodine trichlorideiodine trichloride IClICl33
diphosphorus pentoxidediphosphorus pentoxide PP22OO55
sulphur hexaiodidesulphur hexaiodide SISI66
Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names
Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.
e.g. e.g. NHNH33
CHCH44
HH22OO
Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names
Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.
e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia
CHCH44
HH22OO
Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names
Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.
e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia
CHCH44 methanemethane
HH22OO
Non-Conventional NamesNon-Conventional Names
Some compounds are more commonly Some compounds are more commonly known by other names.known by other names.
e.g. e.g. NHNH33 ammoniaammonia
CHCH44 methanemethane
HH22OO waterwater
The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases
The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:
name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”
e.g.e.g. HH22
ClCl22
OO22
The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases
The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:
name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”
e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas
ClCl22
OO22
The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases
The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:
name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”
e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas
ClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gas
OO22
The Diatomic GasesThe Diatomic Gases
The elemental compounds like HThe elemental compounds like H22, Cl, Cl22, , and Oand O22. are called diatomic gases and . are called diatomic gases and are called simply: are called simply:
name of element + “gas”name of element + “gas”
e.g.e.g. HH22 hydrogen gashydrogen gas
ClCl22 chlorine gaschlorine gas
OO22 oxygen gasoxygen gas
ActivityActivity
““Modelling Molecules”Modelling Molecules”
You need a handout and a modelling You need a handout and a modelling kit.kit.