GasTech 2005
By Joe T. Verghese
ABB Lummus Global Inc.
15th March 2005, Bilbao
Monetizing the Smaller Gas Reserves
Niche LNG –Technology for Mid-Scale LNG Applications
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
Overview
Stranded Gas – The Geography and Key Drivers
Niche LNG Technology
Envelope of Application
Technology Deployment Offshore
- Niche LNG FPSO
Delivered LNG Economics
‘Approval in Principle’ Program
Conclusions
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -3
80
90
100
110
120
‘90 ‘93 ‘96 ‘99
Coal
Oil
Gas
‘02
The Energy Mix
The Energy Mix is getting lighter
Inde
xIn
dex
Gas now 25% of Gas now 25% of Primary Energy Primary Energy ConsumptionConsumption
Nuclear8%
Coal25%
Hydro3%
Oil39%
Natural Gas25%
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -4Niche LNG to Key Regional Markets
Import MarketsStranded Gas
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -5
ABB LNG Turbo-Expander Technologies
c
c
BAHX
Inlet Gas Stream AfterTreating and Dehydration Expander
Expander Outlet Separator
LNG Production Flash
Propane RefrigerantTo/From
Booster Compressor
Recycle Compressor
Rec
ycle
Stre
am
LNG-Pro Scheme(U.S. Pat 5,755,114)
This scheme is the intellectualproperty of the Randall Division of
ABB Lummus Global Inc.
BAHX
Methane RecycleCompressor
Nitrogen RecycleCompressor
Methane Expander
Nitrogen Expander
Liquid Expander
Intellectual Property of ABB Lummus GlobalU.S.Patent 6,412,302Embodiment 'B'
Methane Expansion + Propane Refrigeration
Dual Expansion Methane / Nitrogen
Propane Pre-Cooled Dual Expansion Methane / Nitrogen
BAHXTreated Inlet Gas
Methane RecycleCompressor
Nitrogen RecycleCompressor
Intellectual Property of ABB Lummus GlobalU.S.Patent 6,412,302
Embodiment 'C' Propane Pre-Cooled
HL Chiller
Methane Expander
Nitrogen Expander
Liquid Expander
LL Chiller
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -6
1-15- 0601
1-16- 0602
1-15-0603
1-12-0601
PROCESS FLOW SCHEME
1-11-0602
1-15-0601Gas/ Gas
Heat Exchanger
1-16-0602LNG Receiver
1-12-0601Methane Expander/
Booster Comp.
1-15-0602Methane Booster
Comp. After Cooler
LC
PC
1-12-0602
1-15-0602
1-15-0605
1-15-06061-15-0607
1-11-0601Methane Compressor
1-12-0602N2 Expander/
Booster Comp.
1-15-0605N2 Booster
Comp. After Cooler
1-11-0602N2 Compressor
1-15-0606N2 Compressor
First Inter-stage Cooler
TC
1-11-0601Notes 1 & 2
Notes :1. Suction scrubbers shall be provided by thecompressor vendor.
TC
PC
1-15-0603Methane Compressor
Inter-stage Cooler
1- 15- 0608N2 Compressor
After Cooler
2. No. of stages to be confirmed by the vendor
Notes 1 & 2From 21-0502
001B
No.
101 103
104
105
106
401
405
406 407
201
202
203
251 253
254
255
351
352
353
354 355356
301 302 303
3. Compressor type is not final
1-15-06041- 15- 0604
Methane CompressorAfter Cooler
CompressedFeed Gas
LNG To Storage
Vent
1-15-0608
1-15-0607N2 Compressor
Second Inter-stage Cooler
PCEnd-flash To Boill-off
Compressor
FromBoill-off Compressor
NicheLNG Process Schematic
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -7
Gas Liquefaction
Liquefaction Zone for Most Mixed Refrigerant Processes
Liquefaction Zone for Turboexpander Processes
Cooling
Liquefaction
Subcooling
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -8
Application Bands for LNG
1000
700
5003.3
4.6
6.6
0.3 50
FIELDRESERVES (TCF)
PRODUCTIONRATE (MMscfd)
Niche LNG
BaseloadLNG
Stranded Gas
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -9
Typical gas reserve potential for Niche LNG:0.5 to 3.0 TCF
Niche LNG production potential:0.5 to 1.5 million tonnes per annum
versus
Typical gas reserve potential for baseload LNG:5 TCF+
Baseload LNG production potential:3 to 8 million tonnes per annum/train
Envelope of Application
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
0
Cascade Refrigeration
PropaneCompressor
EthyleneCompressor
Methane Compressor
LNG Pumps
Cold Box
PretreatedFeed Gas
LNG Productto Storage
14 kW/ton LNG day
•• SMRSMR•• DMRDMR•• CMRCMR•• PricoPrico•• APCIAPCI
Spiral WoundExchanger
Pretreated Feed Gas
LNG Product Pumps
LNG Product to Storage
Mixed RefrigerantCompressor
Propane RefrigerantCompressor
Propane Pre-Cooling System
To Fuel Gas
Mixed Refrigerants
12.2 to 16.8 kW/ton LNG day
BAHX
Treated Inlet Gas
Methane Booster Methane Recy cleCompressor
Nitrogen Recy cleCompressor
Methane Expander Nitrogen Expander
Liquid Expander
Production of LNG Using Dual Independent Expander Refrigeration CyclesIntellectual Property of ABB Lummus Global
Patent Pending
Embodiment 'A'
Nitrogen Booster
BAHXTreated Inlet Gas
Methane RecycleCompressor
Nitrogen RecycleCompressor
Intellectual Property of ABB Lummus GlobalPatent Pending
Embodiment 'C' Propane Pre-Cooled
HL Chiller
Methane Expander
Nitrogen Expander
Liquid Expander
LL Chiller
Turbo-Expander Cycles
12.5 to 16.5 kW/ton LNG day
LNG Processes - Specific Energy
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
1
Benefits:Safe Operation - Simplicity ofOperation - High Reliability - CostEffective
Lower CAPEX
Optimized Procurement CycleHigh Operational Availability (~ 3 years)
Reduced Plot Area
Minimal Flare RequirementsNo Motion Impact
ABB LNG Turbo-Expander Technologies
We Achieved:Process Simplicity
Low Equipment Count
Use of proven standard equipment (compressors, expanders, plate-fins)
High Degree of Modularization
No Refrigerant Inventory
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
2
MethaneCompressor
NitrogenCompressor
Methane Cycle Methane to BAHX
Nitrogen To BAHXNitrogen Cycle
Plate Fin Heat Exchanger Turbo-Expander
Gas Turbine Compression String
Equipment Components
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
3Equipment Selection - Compression and Drivers
(Non Pre-Cooled Basis)Frame 5 LM2500 LM2500+ LM6000 Frame 6 Frame 7
BHP @ 85 F 33,400 28,260 34,795 48,580 47,775 95,165
Fuel Rate(Btu/HP.hr) 9,230 7,180 6,701 6,760 8,147 8,025
MMscfd 70-75 60-65 75 100-105 100-105 200-210
MMTPA 0.45-0.5 0.4-0.43 0.5-0.55 0.67-0.7 0.67-0.7 1.35-1.4
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
4Development and Commercialization Roadmap
2002 2003 2004 20051997 to
Phase 1 - Technology ProgramFPSO Concept Development
Phase 2 - Technology ProgramSystems Definition
Process Technology
Offshore Marinisation
Market Readiness
ABS ‘Approval in Principle’
Process Development
NicheLNG OffshoreSM
Process Patents
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
5
OIL FPSO
Development Concept – NicheLNG OffshoreSM FPSO
Oil Development
NICHELNG FPSO
LPG CARRIER FOR SMALL PARCELS
LNG TRADE CARRIER
Associated Gas Feed Stock
LNG
Niche LNG Chain
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
6Niche LNG FPSO - Topside Arrangement
Flare Tower
Loading Arm
LQ
Turret
FEED Pre-Treatment
LPG ExtractionLNG Liquefaction
Utilities
Niche LNG FPSO
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
7NicheLNG FPSO - Elevation View
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
8Niche LNG FPSO – Main Piping Routing Development
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -1
9LNG Containment – Ship Options
IHI SPB Prismatic Type
Membrane Type
Moss Spherical TanksLNG FPSO
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
0LNG Storage
Storage CapacityTypical LNG trade carrier capacity: 138,000 m3
LNG FPSO storage capacity: 170,000 m3 LNG (includes buffer capacity) +35,000 m3 for LPG Total Vessel Storage : 205,000 m3
Containment SystemsThe Independent Spherical Tank (Moss) Not SuitableNot SuitableThe Membrane Tanks (GTT)The IHI SPB Type B
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
1Ship-to-Ship LNG Off-loading
SBM – SYMO (Soft Yoke Mooring & Off-loading)
Cou
rtes
y of
SB
M
Har
d Pi
ped
Flui
d Tr
ansf
erC
ryogenic Hose Fluid Transfer
LNG FPSO
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
2Niche LNG FPSO Concept
LPG/LNG FPSOLength (LBP) 312.00 mBreadth 51.00 mDepth 28.00 mDraft 11.00 mBlock Coefficient 0.945LNG T.(4 SPBs) 170,000 m3LPG T.(1 SPB) 35,000 m3LNG Plant 1.5 mmta/yOffloading SS/TandemAccommodation 60 persons
LNG CarrierLength (LBP) 263.00 mBreadth 44.60 mDepth 28.60 mDraft 11.00 mLNG T.(4 SPBs) 130,000 m3
BB
C C
52m52m40m 20m
312 m
No. 1LNG &Ballast
52m 52m 44m
No. 2LNG &Ballast
No. 3LNG &Ballast
No. 4LNG &Ballast
No. 5LPG &Ballast
252 m (WFS = 3.7 m)
APFP
No.1 B.(P/S)
No. 1 C.(C)
No.2 B.(P/S)
No. 2 C.(C)
No.3 B.(P/S)
No. 3 C.(C)
No.4 B.(P/S)
No. 4 C.(C)
No.5 B.(P/S)
No. 5 C.(C)
30m
midship
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
3LNG FPSO – Mid-ship Section
D2 D1
S4
S3
S2
S1
L3
L2
L1
H 1
I 1 I 2 I 3
B1 B2 B3 B5BG1
Plate Longitudinal SpacingD2 18 430x12+150x20 (T) 900
1500x15+200x20 3600D1 18 300x20 (FB) 600S5 17 430x12+130x18 (T) 920S4 18 430x12+130x18 (T) 920S3 19 520x12+170x20 (T) 920S2 20 580x12+180x20 (T) 920S1 21 720x13+200x20 (T) 930L4 17 430x12+130x18 (T) 920L3 15 430x12+130x18 (T) 920 L2 14 520x12+170x20 (T) 920L1 17 580x12+180x20 (T) 920H1 22 720x13+200x20 (T) 875I 1 21 580x12+200x20 (T) 900I 2 21 580x12+200x20 (T) 900I 3 22 580x12+200x20 (T) 900B1 22 600x12+180x20 (T) 900B2 22 600x12+180x20 (T) 900B3 23 600x12+180x20 (T) 900B4 23 600x12+180x20 (T) 900B5 22 600x12+180x20 (T) 900BG1 22 NA NA
F3
F2
F1
G0 G1 G2 G3 G4
Plate Longitudinal SpacingF1 15 250x12 (BP) 750F2 15 250x12 (BP) 750F3 15 250x12 (BP) 750F4 15 250x12 (BP) 750G0 17 400x150x13/18 (A) 750G1 15 150x13 (FB) 750G2 15 150x13 (FB) 750G3 15 150x13 (FB) 750 G4 17 150x13 (FB) 750W1 15 T.B. NAW2 15 250x13 (FB) 920W3 16 250x13 (FB) 920W4 18 250x13 (FB) 920W5 20 250x13 (FB) 930W6 21 250x15 (FB) 900W7 15 250x15 (FB) 900W8 15 250x15 (FB) 900W9 20 250x15 (FB) 900
SPB Tank (p)
22.53
25.5
5.45.45.41.84.53
2.4R
2.52
6.44
5.52
5.52
5
3
28
S5L4W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W7W6 W8 W9
Camber = 0.5 m
B4
5.4 10.8 16.2 18.0 22.5 25.5
BB
C C
F4
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
4FPSO Significant Motions
135 DegreeSig. Peak Vertical Vertical Vertical Longit. Longit. Longit. Trans. Trans. Trans.
Wave Ht. Period Displ. Vel. Acc. Displ. Vel. Acc. Displ. Vel. Acc.(ft) (s) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2)
19.0 14.3 6.97 2.89 1.25 4.48 1.83 0.78 4.35 1.78 0.7619.0 12.9 4.88 2.19 1.04 3.06 1.34 0.61 2.94 1.29 0.6019.0 11.5 3.15 1.59 0.86 1.82 0.87 0.45 1.81 0.90 0.4917.7 14.7 7.03 2.86 1.21 4.55 1.83 0.76 4.43 1.78 0.7417.7 12.7 4.28 1.94 0.93 2.66 1.18 0.55 2.56 1.14 0.5417.7 10.5 2.44 1.41 0.84 1.22 0.67 0.40 1.37 0.79 0.4815.7 14.6 6.12 2.50 1.07 3.95 1.59 0.67 3.85 1.55 0.6515.7 11.9 2.93 1.41 0.73 1.76 0.81 0.40 1.71 0.81 0.4115.7 9.8 1.94 1.19 0.75 0.91 0.55 0.35 1.09 0.68 0.43
135 DegreeSig. Peak Vertical Vertical Vertical Longit. Longit. Longit. Trans. Trans. Trans.
Wave Ht. Period Displ. Vel. Acc. Displ. Vel. Acc. Displ. Vel. Acc.(ft) (s) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2) (ft) (ft/s) (ft/s2)
19.0 14.3 6.97 2.89 1.25 2.19 1.04 0.56 5.03 2.26 1.0419.0 12.9 4.88 2.19 1.04 2.13 1.15 0.66 4.03 1.88 0.9019.0 11.5 3.15 1.59 0.86 2.32 1.34 0.80 2.66 1.34 0.7017.7 14.7 7.03 2.86 1.21 2.16 0.98 0.51 4.57 2.04 0.9317.7 12.7 4.28 1.94 0.93 2.01 1.10 0.63 3.53 1.66 0.8017.7 10.5 2.44 1.41 0.84 2.04 1.23 0.77 2.00 1.10 0.6315.7 14.6 6.12 2.50 1.07 1.88 0.86 0.46 4.09 1.83 0.8315.7 11.9 2.93 1.41 0.73 1.89 1.07 0.63 2.43 1.18 0.6015.7 9.8 1.94 1.19 0.75 1.61 1.02 0.67 1.42 0.83 0.50
Significant Motion (double amplitude at FPSO COG)
Significant Motion (double amplitude at 30’ above deck)
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
5
Feed Gas Rate : 225 MMscfdLNG Make : 1.54 million mtaShipping Distance : 1000 milesLNG Carrier Lease Rate : 85,000 USD/dayHurdle Rate (Project IRR) : 12%Corporation Tax : 38%Life of Facility : 15 yearsDepreciation : 15 yr Straight LineLNG is delivered as regassified to pipelineCost of Service : 2.78 USD/MMBTU
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
6
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
3.75
4.00
4.25
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Shipping Distance
CO
S, $
/MM
Btu
150
225
300
LNG Make,MMSCFD
1 Ship
1 Ship
2 Ships
3 Ships
2 Ships
2 Ships
3 Ships
4 Ships
1 Ship
miles
kms1610 3220 4830 6440 8050 9650 11260 128700
Shipping Distance Impact on Cost of Service
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
7LNG FPSO – ‘Approval In Principle’ Plan
End Aug 04
End Sept 04
End Oct 04
End Nov 04
End Dec 04
ProgressiveDeliverables Review
Package 1 Package 2 Package 3
Screening Hazid
Hazid Studies
Detailed Hazard
Identification/ Mitigation
Major Hazards Register
(Deliverable)
Approval In Principle
Process & Topsides Definition
Hull, Marine Systems &
Process Plant
Integration
Safety & In-Service
Philosophies
1 day session
3 day session
Classification Society Review Program
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
8ABS ‘Approval In Principle’ Received
© A
BB L
umm
us G
loba
l Inc
. -2
9