Download - Morfologi Tumbuhan
Three Basic Organ in Plant
• Three basic organs evolved: roots, stems, and leaves
• They are organized into a root system and a shoot system
Figure 35.2
Reproductive shoot (flower)
Terminal bud
Node
Internode
Terminalbud
Vegetativeshoot
BladePetiole
Stem
Leaf
Taproot
Lateral roots Rootsystem
Shootsystem
Axillarybud
The Three Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves
• The basic morphology of vascular plants– Reflects their evolutionary history as
terrestrial organisms that draw nutrients from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground
Roots
• A root– Is an organ that anchors the vascular
plant– Absorbs minerals and water– Often stores organic nutrients
• Fungsi Akar• Perkembangan Akar• Tipe – Tipe akar• Modifikasi Akar• Simbiosis di akar
AKAR / ROOTS
http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/35/images/ch35summary.gif
Fungsi Akar
• Attachment to substrate (ground, etc)
• Water and nutrien uptake• Transport In several plants:• Food storage• Oxygen uptake• Climber
• In most plants– The absorption of
water and minerals occurs near the root tips, where vast numbers of tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root
Figure 35.3
Perkembangan akar
Primary Growth of Roots• The root tip is covered
by a root cap, which protects the delicate apical meristem as the root pushes through soil during primary growth
• The primary growth of roots– Produces the
epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue
Figure 35.12
Dermal
Ground
Vascular
Key
Cortex Vascular cylinder
Epidermis
Root hair
Zone ofmaturation
Zone ofelongation
Zone of celldivision
Apicalmeristem
Root cap
100 m
• Lateral rootsArise from within the pericycle, the outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder
Figure 35.14
Cortex
Vascularcylinder
Epidermis
Lateral root
100 m
1 2
3 4
Emerginglateralroot
Sistem Perakaran
Tipe Akar Berdasarkan Pembentukannya
• Akar Tunggang• Akar Serabut • Akar Adventif (lainnya)
Tipe – Tipe Akar
Akar tunjangAkar papan/banir
• Many plants have modified roots
Figure 35.4a–e
(a) Prop roots (b) Storage roots(c) “Strangling” aerialroots
(d) Buttress roots (e) Pneumatophores