Three Basic Organ in Plant

• Three basic organs evolved: roots, stems, and leaves

• They are organized into a root system and a shoot system

Figure 35.2

Reproductive shoot (flower)

Terminal bud

Node

Internode

Terminalbud

Vegetativeshoot

BladePetiole

Stem

Leaf

Taproot

Lateral roots Rootsystem

Shootsystem

Axillarybud

The Three Basic Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves

• The basic morphology of vascular plants– Reflects their evolutionary history as

terrestrial organisms that draw nutrients from two very different environments: below-ground and above-ground

Roots

• A root– Is an organ that anchors the vascular

plant– Absorbs minerals and water– Often stores organic nutrients

• Fungsi Akar• Perkembangan Akar• Tipe – Tipe akar• Modifikasi Akar• Simbiosis di akar

AKAR / ROOTS

http://w3.dwm.ks.edu.tw/bio/activelearner/35/images/ch35summary.gif

Fungsi Akar

• Attachment to substrate (ground, etc)

• Water and nutrien uptake• Transport In several plants:• Food storage• Oxygen uptake• Climber

• In most plants– The absorption of

water and minerals occurs near the root tips, where vast numbers of tiny root hairs increase the surface area of the root

Figure 35.3

Perkembangan akar

Primary Growth of Roots• The root tip is covered

by a root cap, which protects the delicate apical meristem as the root pushes through soil during primary growth

• The primary growth of roots– Produces the

epidermis, ground tissue, and vascular tissue

Figure 35.12

Dermal

Ground

Vascular

Key

Cortex Vascular cylinder

Epidermis

Root hair

Zone ofmaturation

Zone ofelongation

Zone of celldivision

Apicalmeristem

Root cap

100 m

• Lateral rootsArise from within the pericycle, the outermost cell layer in the vascular cylinder

Figure 35.14

Cortex

Vascularcylinder

Epidermis

Lateral root

100 m

1 2

3 4

Emerginglateralroot

Sistem Perakaran

Tipe Akar Berdasarkan Pembentukannya

• Akar Tunggang• Akar Serabut • Akar Adventif (lainnya)

Tipe – Tipe Akar

Akar tunjangAkar papan/banir

• Many plants have modified roots

Figure 35.4a–e

(a) Prop roots (b) Storage roots(c) “Strangling” aerialroots

(d) Buttress roots (e) Pneumatophores