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Myers EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Edition in Modules)
Module 24
Language and Thought
James A. McCubbin, PhDClemson University
Worth Publishers
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Language
Language our spoken, written, or gestured
works and the way we combine them to communicate meaning
Phoneme in a spoken language, the
smallest distinctive sound unit
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Language We are all born to recognize speech sounds from
all the world’s languages
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Percentage ableto discriminateHindi t’s
Hindi-speaking
adults
6-8 months
8-10months
10-12months
English-speaking
adultsInfants from English-speaking homes
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Language Babbling Stage
beginning at 3 to 4 months the stage of speech development in
which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language
One-Word Stage from about age 1 to 2 the stage in speech development
during which a child speaks mostly in single words
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Language
Two-Word Stage beginning about age 2 the stage in speech development
during which a child speaks in mostly two-word statements
Telegraphic Speech early speech stage in which the child
speaks like a telegram-–“go car”--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting “auxiliary” words
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Language
Summary of Language Development
Month(approximate)
Stage
4
10
12
24
24+
Babbles many speech sounds.
Babbling reveals households language.
One-word stage.
Two-world, telegraphic speech.
Language develops rapidly intocomplete sentences.
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Language
Genes design the mechanisms for a language, and experience activates them as it modifies the brain
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Language
New language learning gets harder with age
100
90
80
70
60
50Native 3-7 8-10 11-15 17-39
Percentage correct ongrammar test
Age at school
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Language
Linguistic DeterminismWhorf”s hypothesis that language determines the way we think
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Language
The interplay of thought and language
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Animal Thinking and Language
The straight-line part of the dance points in the direction of a nectar source, relative to the sun
Direction ofnectar source
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Animal Thinking and Language
Gestured Communication