Native American Nations
SS4H1 The student will describe how early Native American cultures developed in North America. a. Locate where the Native Americans settled with emphasis on Arctic (Inuit), Northwest (Kwakiutl), Plateau (Nez Perce), Southwest (Hopi), Plains (Pawnee), and Southeastern (Seminole).
b. Describe how the Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter.
Six Regions of Native Americans Arctic Plateau Pacific Northwest Plains Southwest Southeastern
Six Native American Tribes Inuit (Arctic) Nez Perce (Plateau) Kwakiutl (Pacific Northwest) Pawnee (Plains) Hopi (Southwest) Seminole (Southeast)
United States Map
Georgia
Native American Regions
Southeastern
Southeastern Seminole Location: Florida Climate: Humid; subtropical Clothing: Long, light weight clothing (cloth) Type of housing: Chickee Food: Corns, beans, squash, wild game Interesting fact: The Seminoles were formed
by American Indians from other tribes. Runaway slaves would often go to Florida and join the Seminole tribe.
Chickee
Seminole Clothing
Seminole clothing
Seminole clothing
Plains
Plains - Pawnee Location: Midwest (Nebraska) Climate: Hot in the summer; cold in the winter
(continental) Clothing: Cloth and skins Food: Buffalo, corn (maize), squash Type of housing: Earth lodge; tepees for buffalo
hunts Interesting Fact: Plains Indians are most often
known for hunting buffalo. However, horses were not introduced to North America until the Europeans. The Pawnee tribe remained agricultural, even though they began using horses to hunt buffalo.
Pawnee clothing
Pawnee robe
Pawnee Earth Lodge
Pawnee Earth Lodge
Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge
Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge
Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge
Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge
Firepit
Buffalo Hunt
Buffalo (American Bison)
Southwest
Southwest - Hopi Location: Southwest – Arizona, Nevada,
California Climate: Desert – dry and sandy Clothing: Woven cotton and wool Food: Corn, squash, peppers, onions Type of housing: Pueblos (houses made of
adobe) Interesting Fact: The Hopi men had a special
room for meeting, rituals, and ceremonies called a ‘kiva.’
Pueblo
Mesa Verde
Hopi clothing
Hopi basket and pot
Hopi blanket
Plateau
Plateau – Nez Perce Location: Inland Northwest – Oregon,
Washington, Idaho Climate: Wet, rainy woods; cold winters Clothing: Buckskin Food: Salmon, small game Type of housing: Permanent pithouses in
winter; lodges or teepees in summer (for hunting)
Interesting fact: The Nez Perce are actually misnamed – Nez Perce means “pierced nose”, but they actually never used piercings. They were mistaken for another tribe.
Nez Perce Clothing
Nez Perce Weavings
Pithouse
Pithouse diagram
Nez Perce teepee
Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest - Kwakiutl Location: Pacific Northwest coast –
Washington and Canada Climate: Wet and rainy; ‘rainforests’ Clothing: Bark, roots, and goat hair Food: Fish, sea mammals, clams, small game,
berries, roots Type of housing: Cedar plank houses located
on the coast of the ocean and rivers Interesting Fact: The Kwakiutl tribe traded
with other tribes and would use large dugout canoes as transportation. Their war canoes could be up to sixty feet long.
Columbia River Coast
Kwakiutl Clothing
Kwakiutl House and Totem Poles
Kwakiutl Canoe
Kwakiutl Village
Totem Poles
Totem Poles
Arctic
Arctic - Inuit Location: Alaska and Canada Climate: Cold, icy Clothing: Sealskin and caribou skin Food: Sea and land mammals – whales, seals,
caribou Type of housing: Permanent earth and stone
pithouses; igloos during the summer Interesting fact: People today still use the Inuit
designed kayak. The original kayaks were covered by sealskin and are extremely buoyant.
Inuit pithouse
Pithouse Entrance
Pithouse Entrance
Inuit Igloo
Inuit Clothing