Native American Nations

SS4H1 The student will describe how early Native American cultures developed in North America. a. Locate where the Native Americans settled with emphasis on Arctic (Inuit), Northwest (Kwakiutl), Plateau (Nez Perce), Southwest (Hopi), Plains (Pawnee), and Southeastern (Seminole).

b. Describe how the Native Americans used their environment to obtain food, clothing, and shelter.

Six Regions of Native Americans Arctic Plateau Pacific Northwest Plains Southwest Southeastern

Six Native American Tribes Inuit (Arctic) Nez Perce (Plateau) Kwakiutl (Pacific Northwest) Pawnee (Plains) Hopi (Southwest) Seminole (Southeast)

United States Map

Georgia

Native American Regions

Southeastern

Southeastern Seminole Location: Florida Climate: Humid; subtropical Clothing: Long, light weight clothing (cloth) Type of housing: Chickee Food: Corns, beans, squash, wild game Interesting fact: The Seminoles were formed

by American Indians from other tribes. Runaway slaves would often go to Florida and join the Seminole tribe.

Chickee

Seminole Clothing

Seminole clothing

Seminole clothing

Plains

Plains - Pawnee Location: Midwest (Nebraska) Climate: Hot in the summer; cold in the winter

(continental) Clothing: Cloth and skins Food: Buffalo, corn (maize), squash Type of housing: Earth lodge; tepees for buffalo

hunts Interesting Fact: Plains Indians are most often

known for hunting buffalo. However, horses were not introduced to North America until the Europeans. The Pawnee tribe remained agricultural, even though they began using horses to hunt buffalo.

Pawnee clothing

Pawnee robe

Pawnee Earth Lodge

Pawnee Earth Lodge

Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge

Diorama of Pawnee Earth Lodge

Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge

Inside Pawnee Earth Lodge

Firepit

Buffalo Hunt

Buffalo (American Bison)

Southwest

Southwest - Hopi Location: Southwest – Arizona, Nevada,

California Climate: Desert – dry and sandy Clothing: Woven cotton and wool Food: Corn, squash, peppers, onions Type of housing: Pueblos (houses made of

adobe) Interesting Fact: The Hopi men had a special

room for meeting, rituals, and ceremonies called a ‘kiva.’

Pueblo

Mesa Verde

Hopi clothing

Hopi basket and pot

Hopi blanket

Plateau

Plateau – Nez Perce Location: Inland Northwest – Oregon,

Washington, Idaho Climate: Wet, rainy woods; cold winters Clothing: Buckskin Food: Salmon, small game Type of housing: Permanent pithouses in

winter; lodges or teepees in summer (for hunting)

Interesting fact: The Nez Perce are actually misnamed – Nez Perce means “pierced nose”, but they actually never used piercings. They were mistaken for another tribe.

Nez Perce Clothing

Nez Perce Weavings

Pithouse

Pithouse diagram

Nez Perce teepee

Pacific Northwest

Pacific Northwest - Kwakiutl Location: Pacific Northwest coast –

Washington and Canada Climate: Wet and rainy; ‘rainforests’ Clothing: Bark, roots, and goat hair Food: Fish, sea mammals, clams, small game,

berries, roots Type of housing: Cedar plank houses located

on the coast of the ocean and rivers Interesting Fact: The Kwakiutl tribe traded

with other tribes and would use large dugout canoes as transportation. Their war canoes could be up to sixty feet long.

Columbia River Coast

Kwakiutl Clothing

Kwakiutl House and Totem Poles

Kwakiutl Canoe

Kwakiutl Village

Totem Poles

Totem Poles

Arctic

Arctic - Inuit Location: Alaska and Canada Climate: Cold, icy Clothing: Sealskin and caribou skin Food: Sea and land mammals – whales, seals,

caribou Type of housing: Permanent earth and stone

pithouses; igloos during the summer Interesting fact: People today still use the Inuit

designed kayak. The original kayaks were covered by sealskin and are extremely buoyant.

Inuit pithouse

Pithouse Entrance

Pithouse Entrance

Inuit Igloo

Inuit Clothing