-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
1/15
Aboriginal Rights
Canada, the United States and
Latin America from 1950-1980
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
2/15
General istor!
" #irst contact $ith nati%es inCanada, Latin America and theUnited States dates bac& to 1'9(and the arri%al of Col)mb)s
" Settlers from *)ro+e, +rimaril!from ort)gal, S+ain, *ngland,#rance and the etherlandsarri%ed in search of ne$reso)rces
" .he! fo)nd indigeno)sinhabitants
" .he! car%ed )+ the territor! andestablished trading o)t+osts
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
3/15
*arl! Relations
" /ell, basicall! . G 2 *+idemic disease 3small +o4, measles6and
the list goes no7 2 *nsla%ement 2 /arfare thro)gho)t 2 ntermarriage
" ati%es $ere )sed to %erbal land dis+)teagreements 2 Settlers had $ritten doc)ments 2 ot fair and in man! cases not )+held
" ! the middle 1800:s most nations thro)gho)tthe Americans had their inde+endence
" Some co)ntries held on to their +ossessionslonger
" Relations bet$een the indigeno)s +o+)lation,settlers and ;mesti
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
4/15
Canada
" Settled b! both the *nglish and the #rench" .here $ere se%eral $ars earl! on, b)t relations
stabili00:s" Colonists established families $ith nati%es
2 ?etis-term to describe a +erson of mi4ed heritage 2
)shed for rights se%eral times" A m)ltit)de of treaties had been $rittenthro)gho)t histor!
" Some +ro%isions $ere not )+held" 18>@-.he ndian Act $as +assed
2 t allo$ed the #ederal Go%ernment to facilitate the
assimilation of the aboriginals into commonc)lt)re 2 )t it incl)ded se%eral discriminator! +ro%isions
incl)ding the lac& of %ote, not allo$ing the drin&ingof alcohol or lea%ing of reser%ation $itho)t+ermission
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
5/15
1950-1980
" .he Uni%ersal eclaration of )man Rights 2 19'8 2 #orced Canada to loo& at their treatment of Aboriginals
" 1951-ndian Act altered to fi4 some discriminator! +ractices 2 Co)ld no$ drin& on their reser%ations and +ractice some
c)lt)ral rit)als once o)tla$ed
" 19@0-ief the Chief granted %oting rights to nati%es" [email protected])dea) iss)ed the ;/hite a+er=
2 asicall! the Go%ernment of Canada $o)ld no longer negotiate$ith an! non-so%ereign nation
2 ati%es co)ntered $ith ;Red a+er=, com+letel! reecting the+a+er
" A m)ltit)de of other iss)es, debates and cases came )+$hich dealt $ith basic rights incl)ding the +i+eline debate
" 19>B-.he Go%ernment of Canada formall! recogni
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
6/15
.he United States
" .he i&ings came into contact $ith thenati%es first3D10007
" Col)mb)s came in 1'9(" Relations $ere +leasant at first, )ntil
the! began to mo%e $est
" isease $as common 2 Small +o4, measles
" n 18B( the Go%ernment iss)ed a%accination +rogram
" ?an! ati%es too& +art in theRe%ol)tionon both sides
" 18'0-=?anifest estin!= or ndianRemo%al=EEE 2 %er the co)rse of the ne4t 100 !ears
ndians $ere &illed or forced ontoreser%ations
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
7/15
19thF(0th Cent)r! US
" .he ndian Remo%al Act of 18B0 2 All land *ast of the ?ississi++i co)ld be
e4changed for land $est 2 .he .rail of .earsSome ',000 Chero&ee died
d)e to relocation
" Resistance $as significant
2 attle of Little ighorn 18>@ 2 /o)nded Hnee 1890
" ?an! fo)ght in the Ci%il /ar, // and // 2 A++ro4 '',000 2 isr)+ted c)lt)re, land, a general disharmon!
" Some ser%ed as ;code tal&ers=
2 Learned and trained at Cam+ endleton 2 Some (00 terms at first, as man! as @00 at$ars end
2 Coding machines too& B0 min)tes, a%ao$o)ld ta&e (0 seconds
2 ital to the interests of the $ar
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
8/15
ati%e American Rights .oda!
" .here are some 550 +l)sfederall! recogni
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
9/15
/o)nded Hnee and A?
" A?-egan in 19@8, b! ennis an&s, George ?itchelland Cl!de elleco)rt as a main force in the +)sh for ACR 2 egan o)t of com+laints o%er high )nem+lo!ment, sl)m
ho)sing and racist treatment
" ts goals are to increase a$areness and sec)re CR
" 19>B-.oo& o%er the to$n of /o)nded Hnee for >1 da!so%er the conditions on the ine Ridge ndianReser%ation 2 ecision on location $as based on the massacre at the
same location in 1890 2 Led to t$o deaths in the standoff 2 .he mo%ie .h)nderheart has some connections to the
e%ent in 19>B and 1890 2 Leonard eltierindicted for the m)rder of t$o federal
officers on the reser%ation, he is a member of A? and amain +olitical acti%ist
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
10/15
Legislation
" )rea) of ndian Affairs 2 *stablished in 18('66o%ersees the management of
the entire reser%ation s!stem in the US 2 art of the US e+artment of the nterior
" 19('- American ndians classified as Jciti
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
11/15
Latin America
" Se%eral co)ntries ha%e si
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
12/15
Case St)d!K er)
" S+anish occ)+ied and coloni
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
13/15
Case St)d!K G)atemala
" Some '0M of the +o+)lation are of ?a!a ancestr! 2 /esterni
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
14/15
AssessmentF#oc)s .as&
" ndigeno)s +o+)lations across the Americas ha%e faced land redistrib)tion,h)man rights %iolations and economic andsocial iss)es
" Oo) are a member of Amnest! nternationaland are $riting an assessment ofndigeno)s rights in Canada, Latin Americaand the US 2 /hat are the similarities and differences in the
three areasE
2 /hat area seems to ha%e a better record and$h!E
2 ased on the limited amo)nt of info $hat do !o)thin& is the f)t)re for the indigeno)s +o+)lationsin the three areasE
-
8/9/2019 Native Americans and Civil Rights - Latin America, The US and Canada
15/15
" Restoration of treaty making (ended by Congress in 1871)." Establishment of a treaty commission to make new treaties (with sovereign Native Nations)." ndian leaders to address Congress." Review of treaty commitments and violations." !nratified treaties to go before the "enate." #ll ndians to be governed by treaty relations." Relief for Native Nations for treaty rights violations." Recognition of the right of ndians to inter$ret treaties." %oint Congressional Committee to be formed on reconstr&ction of ndian relations." Restoration of 11' million acres of land taken away from Native Nations by the !nited "tates." Restoration of terminated rights." Re$eal of state &risdiction on Native Nations." ederal $rotection for offenses against ndians." #bolishment of the *&rea& of ndian #ffairs." Creation of a new office of ederal ndian Relations." New office to remedy breakdown in the constit&tionally $rescribed relationshi$s between the !nited "tates and
Native Nations." Native Nations to be imm&ne to commerce reg&lation+ ta,es+ trade restrictions of states.
" ndian religio&s freedom and c<&ral integrity $rotected." Establishment of national ndian voting with local o$tions- free national ndian organiations from governmental
controls" Reclaim and affirm health+ ho&sing+ em$loyment+ economic develo$ment+ and ed&cation for all ndian $eo$le
A?-Claims +)t forth to the resident in 19>(
rimar! So)rce oc)ments