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Igor LISKA, ICPDR, Dr. Mary-Jeanne Adler, INHGA, Bucharest
-
Needs in harmonization of monitoring
network and of hydrological data
processing for flood risk prevention
UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary
Watercourses and International Lake,
Second Workshop on Transboundary Flood Risk Management
19 - 20 March 2015, Geneva, Switzerland
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PRESENTATION CHAPTERS:
• GENERATION OF AN INTEGRATED GEODATABASE
• MONITORING OF DISCHARGES
• MONITORING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS
• MONITORING OF LOADS
• GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PORCESS SURVEY
• WATER QUALITY
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Ceatalchioi – 07.July.2010
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Motivation for DANUBE FLOODRISK Project
• All Danube countries worked on improvements with different
– Mapping methods
– Elevation systems
– Criteria for risk assessment
• Separated approaches in the countries:inefficient and not sustainable
A transnational river
requires transnational cooperation …
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International co-operation in the water sector
• Bilateral co-operation– Transboundary (neighbouring countries)
– With other countries
• Multilateral co-operation– International Conventions
» e.g. Helsinki, Danube Conventions
• European (Union) level co-operation– Common working platform (27 Member States)
– Common basic legislation
• Global level water co-operation– WMO
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„Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in
the field of water policy”
Water Framework Directive
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Priority
Substances
Drinking Water
Directive
Bathing Water
Directive
Nature Conservation
(NATURA 2000)
EU Water Framework
Directive
Urban Waste
Water Directive
Nitrate Directive
Ground Water Directive
Flood Directive
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Connection to updated Environment policyMost of the EUSDR Water Quality (PA 4) Actions give answer to Water Blueprint (HOW?)
Main findings of the Water Blueprint
– The biggest pressures for ecological status are• HYMO alterations – hydrologic and morphological measurements ( handled by Action 10)
• Water over abstraction – intensive monitoring (Action 11)
• Lack of ecological water flows – law flows monitoring (Action 11)
– Cause of poor chemical status of waters is• Shortage of data (Action 2 and 3)
• Few progress to mitigate eutrophication of waters (Action 4 and 5)
• Not eligible outputs in implementation of directives (e.g. UWW T , Action 7)
– Low effectiveness in water using• Improvement needs for irrigation (Action 11)
• Measures need for leakage of distribution network (Action 13)
– High vulnerability of European waters• Improvement needs for ecosystem resilience (Action 11)
– Improvement needs for better water information system• WISE, INSPIRE, GMES, etc. (by Action 3)
• Improving Science-Policy Interface (Action 6)
– Cooperation at the Danube Basin level, but More stronger cooperation at sub-basin levels, as Tisza, Siret, Prut, in case of Romania – by integrated monitoring (Action 2 and 14)
– More communication for transparency (Action 12)
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Catchment area: 801.463 km2
Length: 2.857 km
Mean discharge: 6.500 m3 s-1
Danube
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Different Elevation models and levels
Problems: Borders are barriers for risk management
Different elevation
levels and models
Different monitoring
systemsDifferent
hydraulic
models
Different
planning
systems
Flood Risk Area
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Output 1: Joint digital elevation model
ONE system without national borders
National
Border
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Output 2: Common geodatabase
Danube River
Cross-sectionsDTM
LIDAR data
Topographic maps
Q,H daily
values
hydrometric
stations
Satellite imagesRoughness
coefficient
(CLC 2006)
Modeling 1D2D
(Sobek)
Hazard maps
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Topographic Survey
Since accurate topographic data is only available for a small
percentage of water bodies and HYDRulic infrastructures, this data
has to be collected or verified by surveys of water body cross
sections. Generally, all structures bordering or within the water body
are surveyed. Cross sections are always taken from the same
location and recorded regularly in fixed intervals or, depending on
hydraulic requirements, in shorter intervals
For the purpose of creating the DTM, an aerial survey is conducted,The positional accuracy of DTM varies by +/- 50 cm, the accuracy in elevation by +/- 20 – 30 cm.
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Danube River Cross-sections
- Additional points from LIDAR data
and topographic maps(X ,Y ,Z
Stereo70, MN75)
- Bathymetric points (X ,Y ,Z
Stereo70, MN75)
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Danube River Cross-
sections
Number of cross-
sections :
> 10 000
Cross-sections
between dikes
(distance
between cross-
sections 100 m)
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Roughness coefficient (CLC 2006)
CLC classes
- 31x forest
- 32x grassland
- 41x swamp
- 5xx water
- ….
Manning
coefficient
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Digital Terrain Model
DTMLIDAR data
a
-h -
- 2 tan(a/2) h -
OVERLAP
Available data (fly 2007)
Processing data (fly 2010)
Satellite data
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DTM final
Dikes
gaps
Cross
sections
channels
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Water level and discharge – integrate monitoring
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Q,H daily values hydrometric stations
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• The measurements of meteorological indicators using 106
automated meteorological stations (83 in the Dnister basin
and 23 in the basins of the Prut and Siret);
• Rapid processing and transmission of primary data;
• Modeling of hydrological processes in some areas and around
the river basin (including forecasting of flooded areas and
possible damage from flooding rain);
• Develop operational plans for flood protection measures;
• Informing of local authorities and the population about the
hydrometeorological situation.
DATA SEMPLING - AUTOMATED
INFORMATIONAL MONIYORING
SYSTEM (AIMS)
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Diagram of hydrometeorological
stations
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The system in the basin of the Prut and
Siret includS:
- automatic digital sensors installed at
Prut, Cheremosh, Siret, Small Siret
(Chortoryia, Lopushna, Verhni Petrivtsi,
Dubivtsi, Kamyanka, Tatariv);
- server receiving data provided in
Chernivtsi;
- website, that displays the data
observation
AIMS of Dnister-Prut Basin
Department
of Water Resources
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The system of the Dnister Basin
consists of:
- hydrological posts in Galych and
the Zalishchyky;
- website that displays data
observation
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Under the project it is foreseen automatization of
24 observation points in the basins of the rivers
Prut and Siret, including :
- 17 stations to measure water levels,
- 5 hydrometric crossings,
- 19 measuring device of rainfall that will be
installed at the hydrostations as well as separately;
Installing 3 control centers for the data collection,
analysis and dissemission;
MODERNIZATION OF AIMS
MONTORING SYSTEM
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Principles of the system work
The system provides automated collection, transmission and accumulation of
information on the level and water temperature, air temperature and
pressure.
Periodicity of measurements normally carried at intervals of 30
min. and transferring 2 times a day.
In case of an emergency frequency can be changed distantly, depending on
the scale of the flood. There is also automatic sending of messages to a
mobile phone, when water levels rise more than 0.5 meters
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27
ADCP to measure velocity
distribution and estimate bottom
shear
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Dunai árhullám -
2013
ADCP data used for 3D flow modelling
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Dniester-Prut Basin
Department of Water
Resources
LOCATION of hydrological post of AIMS
"PRYKARPATTYA"
DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING
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DISPLAYING OF DATA MEASUREMENTS
ON A WEBSITE, TO BE SHARE WITH THE
DOWNSTREAM COUNTRIES
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DP BDWR
Diagram of observational data
Reliability data will be provided through the use of
mobile (modem channel with two cards of different
operators) and satellite communications.
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Displaying of measuring data
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INFORMATION
SHARING DIAGRAMTernopil’ Hmel’nytskyi
Vinnytsya
Odesa
Ivano-Frankivsk
L’viv
Dnister-Prut BDWR
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Introduction of GIS Prut and Siret basins with
modeling the passing of emergencies.
System’s structure :
- digital heights model,
- detailed vector maps,
- maps of flooded areas,
-thematic layers (hydrographic objects, towns,
relief, hydrotechnical structures),
-basis of geographic and attribute data),
- forecasting model of potential risks
Producing a GIS portal to ensure a single point of
access to geoinformational resources
DESIGNING OF GIS PLATFORM FOR
RIVER FORECASTING AND
MANAGEMENT OF WATER
RESOURCES
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Meteorological
forecasting model
Satellite
information
including data on
snow cover
Forecasting of
precipitationsTerrestrial
weather
information
Models of the flow ,snowmelt
and rainfall
Models of the dynamics of
dissemination of flood waves in
rivers and floodplains
Informing of
neighboring
countries
Forecasting of
levels and water
consumption
Information for
crisis centers
Warning and
informing people
Information for justification
of flood events
Information for
agencies and
authorities
Flood activities
Meteoradar
Hydro
forecast
ing
DIAGRAM OF THE
AIMS
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INCREASING OF EFFICIENCY
FOR DECISION MAKING
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GEOINFORMATIONAL PORTAL
Geoinformational portal will provide association of flood protection systems of Ukraine, Romania,
Moldova, and access to information on water management situation
online.
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ANALYTICAL DISPATCH CENTER
AND REACTION FORCES
The structure of the analytical dispatchg center
(ADC) of Dnister-Prut Basin Department of Water
Resources includes 3 dispatch services of subordinated
structures and 10 operational and regular services of
maintenance stations.
To work in emergency there are prepared 8 crews
of emergency, in total 77 workers with their assigned
mechanisms, motor vehicles, craft - total of 58 units
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II. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT
MONITORING AND
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL
PROCESSES - MULTIRISK
FOLLOW-UP PROJECT AFTER DANUBE
FLOODRISK – SEDAM PROJECT,
coordinated by Hungary under ICPDR
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Hydropower plants
Existing Situation AT THE Danube Basin:
Basin-wide driving forces and impacts
Flood protection
Navigation
Climate change
Changes in land use
Point and diffuse source pollution
GEOMORFOLO-
GICAL
ALTERATION
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Hydropower-based Energy
78 barriers along the Danube
5 free-flowing sections
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International Waterway
2411 km navigable
(Sulina-Kelheim)
via donau, 2007
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Flood protection, risk management
Loss of 80 %
of the original
floodplain
area
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Flood risk mapping for planning purpose
Water levels flood zones multirisk spatial planning
ONE system without national borders
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Mapping
• The maps in the Danube Floodrisk Project are drawn up at a scale of 1:100.000 and can be zoomed up to a scale of 1:25.000 and 1:10.000 for certain river sectors.
• MAPS PORTAL
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3 levels of flood hazard –
downsttream of Calarasi town
example
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Evaluation of risk elements
• Dimensions of risk / layers of relevance?
vulnerability
vulnerability
vulnerability
Human health, risk for life
Economy and public services
Environment
Cultural heritage
Subsequent hazard
Disaster Management
vulnerability
vulnerability
vulnerability
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4 levels of economical
damage – Giurgiu town
area
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Sample using risk element symbols
Aggregate the hydrological data with land cover data