Download - New Republic
![Page 1: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
New Republic
![Page 2: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Introduction• Washington (1789-97)
▫ Getting Established▫ Hamilton▫ Parties Emerge
• Adams (1797-1801)▫ Quasi-War and Responses
![Page 3: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Themes• Key issues in Washington’s
Administration▫ Judicial Branch▫ Foreign Policy Issues▫ Political Parties
• John Adams avoids war with France
![Page 4: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Introduction• Washington (1789-97)
▫ Getting Established▫ Hamilton▫ Parties Emerge
• Adams (1797-1801)▫ Quasi-War and Responses
![Page 5: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bellwork•How is the Executive department set up?
![Page 6: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The First President• George Wash. Did not seek
office• Electoral College
unanimously chose him• Selected John Adams as
VP
![Page 7: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How does the Electoral College Work?
Source
![Page 8: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The First President•Wash. established many precedents for
others to follow▫Chief Executive - Appointing a cabinet▫Chief Legislature - Role as law maker▫Commander and Chief - Monopoly on
Violence▫Chief Diplomat - Foreign Policy
![Page 10: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chief Executive - Washington's Cabinet•Cabinet Members
▫Henry Knox (MA) - Secretary of War▫Edmund Randolph (VA) - Attorney General▫Thomas Jefferson (VA) - Secretary of State▫Alexander Hamilton (NY) - Secretary of
Treasury
![Page 11: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chief Legislature – Major Legislation•Judiciary Act 1789•Naturalization Act 1790•Bank Act 1791•Coinage Act 1792•Fugitive Slave Act 1793•Naval Act 1794•Ratification of the Bill of Rights
![Page 12: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Chief Legislature – Major LegislationBill of Rights
• First Amendment:▫ Free speech, press,
religion, assembly, petition
• Second Amendment:▫ Right to bear arms
![Page 13: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chief Legislature – Major LegislationBill of Rights• Prohibited unreasonable
searches• Protected the rights of the
accused:▫ Allowed for jury trials▫ No cruel and unusual
punishment• Power was reserved to the
states and the people
![Page 14: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Commander and Chief – Whiskey Rebellion (1794)• A tax was placed on
whiskey• Farmers in western Penn.
protested and intimidated tax collectors
• Wash. led a militia of 13,000 to end rebellion.▫ *Precedent: no violent
resistance to U.S. policies*
![Page 15: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chief Diplomat – Foreign Policy - France• The French Rev. began in
1789 and many Am. Rejoiced▫ Specifically Jefferson and
his followers• But, the Rev. turned
violent and war broke out in Europe
• Wash. Declared Am. neutral in European war
![Page 16: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Chief Diplomat -Foreign Policy - Spain
• Two Concerns▫ Americans access to port
of New Orleans▫ Boundary dispute in the
south east• Pinckney’s Treaty (1796)
▫ Granted America free access to Mississippi
▫ 31 Parallel = U.S. boundary with Florida.
![Page 17: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Farwell Address•Condemned political parties•Warned of entangling alliances•Established precedence of serving only 2
terms
![Page 18: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Check Up!•Executive Departments Today
•How has the cabinet changed over time? How is this a reflection of the expanding role of the presidency today?
![Page 19: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Introduction• Washington (1789-97)
▫ Getting Established▫ Hamilton▫ Foreign Policy▫ Parties Emerge
• Adams (1797-1801)▫ Quasi-War and Responses
![Page 20: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Bellwork•What is the difference between deficit and
debt? Why is debt a dangerous thing?
![Page 21: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury)•Born in West Indies•Served as aid to Wash. during Rev. War
![Page 24: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Treasury)•Born in West Indies•Served as aid to Wash. during Rev. War•Hoped to concentrate debt in the national
government▫Success of large investors would be linked
to success of national government.
![Page 25: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
National Debt•U.S. Debt = $54 million•Goal: off foreign debt and have national
gov. assume state debt•Some states supported the proposal, but
others had already paid their debt (like Virginia)
![Page 26: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
National Debt Compromise• Compromise
▫ Rep. from the south agreed for the national gov to take on debt
▫ The capital would transfer from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia.
![Page 27: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bank of the United States• Hamilton supported
creation of a National Bank of the United States▫ Provide a safe place to
deposit the gov.’s money▫ Borrow money for the
gov. by selling bonds▫ Help regulate state banks
• But was it Constitutional?
![Page 29: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bank of the United States• Jefferson’s View
• Strict Interpretation▫ No: Bank of U.S.▫ Constitution did not give
Congress this power▫ This was reserved to the
states
![Page 30: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Bank of the United States• Hamilton’s View
• Loose Interpretation▫ Yes: Bank of U.S.▫ Elastic Clause: Congress
had power to ‘make all laws necessary and proper’ to carry out its functions
▫ Wash. Agreed and signed the Bank bill into law, creating the Bank of the U.S.
![Page 31: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dealing with the Debt•Vocabulary
▫Deficit – The amount of money spent each year not collected as revenue
▫Surplus – The amount of money left over after spending for all expenses
▫Debt – Total money owed▫Revenue – Money collected through tariffs,
taxes, and fees
![Page 32: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Dealing with the Debt•National Bank assumed state debts and
issued debt holders bonds.•Whiskey Tax (led to Whiskey Rebellion)
![Page 33: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Debt as a Percentage of GDP
![Page 35: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Solutions Now•Increase Taxes•Cut Spending•Increase Taxes and Cut Spending•Increase the size of the economy (collect
more revenue but keep taxes at same rates)
![Page 36: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Check Up!National Debt Crisis Then National Debt Crisis Now
Solution: Solution:
![Page 37: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Check Up!•Based on what has worked in the past,
and what is currently happening in the United States today, develop a plan for how the U.S. can abolish its national debt.
•A: To abolish the national debt, the united states needs to…
•R: Because•E: For example
![Page 38: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• Introduction• Washington (1789-97)
▫ Getting Established▫ Hamilton▫ Parties Emerge
• Adams (1797-1801)▫ Quasi-War and Responses
![Page 39: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Bellwork•Do you find yourself siding with one of the
major political parties in the United States? If so, which one, and why?
![Page 40: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Political Parties•Democratic-Republicans
▫Who: Jefferson, Madison▫Where: South and West▫Issues: State Rights, Small Farmers▫Constitution: Strict Interpretation▫Foreign Policy: Pro-French
![Page 41: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Political Parties•Federalists
▫Who: John Adams, Alexander Hamilton▫Where: North East, Cities▫Issues: Strong National Government▫Constitution: Loose interpretation,
Constitution should be flexible▫Foreign Policy: Pro-British
![Page 42: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Support National Bank of the
United States
Supported by farmers John Adams Promoted State
rights
Wanted Strong national
governmentPro-British Supported by
New England Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Supported by city dwellers
Supported by South and Western
Territories
Loose Interpretation
Used constitutional
phrase “‘make all laws necessary and proper’ to carry out its
functions
Pro-France Strict Interpretation James Madison
![Page 43: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Check Up!Washington wrote that the development of political parties would destroy ‘the best fabric of human government and happiness.’
•Do you feel that political parties weaken government, or strengthen it? Be prepared to defend.
![Page 44: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Introduction• Washington (1789-97)
▫ Getting Established▫ Hamilton▫ Foreign Policy▫ Parties Emerge
• Adams (1797-1801)▫ Quasi-War and Responses
![Page 45: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
John Adams• Defended Br. Soldier after
B. Massacre.• From Mass. And member
of the Continental Congress
• Served as diplomat to France during Am. Rev.
• Wash. VP and a Federalist
![Page 46: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Election of 1796• Jefferson ran against
Adams for pres.• Adams won, but Jeff.
became VP▫ Pres. Adams = Federalist▫ VP Jefferson =
Democratic-Republican
![Page 47: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Meanwhile…• French Revolution killed
monarchs of France and much of the aristocracy
![Page 48: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Meanwhile…• French Revolution killed
monarchs of France and much of the aristocracy
• British opposed the French Revolution
• Fr. And British went to war
![Page 49: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Jay’s Treaty•Negotiated by John Jay•Trade settlement between British and
Americans. ▫Br. surrendered forts in western territories ▫Br. agreed to stop arming Native
Americans. ▫Am. agreed to strict anti-French trade
policy•Signed into law by Washington
![Page 50: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
XYZ Affair• French were angered by
Am. Treaty with England• Adams sent diplomats to
France• French would not meet
with Americans unless the U.S. paid them a bribe of 250,000
• America refused and a wave of anti French sentiment swept the nation
Video
![Page 51: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Quasi-War with France•Am. Fought French in Caribbean, yet no
declaration of war•Jefferson’s Democratic-Republicans
continued to sympathize with France•Federalists Congress pass laws to
suppress French sympathizers
![Page 52: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)Alien Act, 1798 Sedition Act, 1798
• Source: Enduring Visionp. 213 - 215 • Source: Enduring Vision p. 213 - 215
![Page 53: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Bellwork•Is freedom of speech necessary for a
democracy, or should this government be allowed to curtail those rights during times of national crisis?
![Page 54: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)• Aimed at Foreigners:
▫ Pres. could expel any foreigner determined to be a threat to the nation
▫ Foreigners could be deported or jailed by Pres. indefinitely During wartime
▫ Residency for citizenship was increased from 5 to 14 years
• Limited Free Speech▫ Illegal to defame or
criticize Pres. or gov.▫ Aimed at war critics▫ Seemed to violate First
Am
![Page 55: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Check Up!•How did the Alien and Seditions Acts
create conflict between the executive authority of John Adams and the constitutional freedoms of opposing political parties?
![Page 56: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)•Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions (1798)
▫States could judge constitutionality of laws passed by Congress
▫States could nullify unconstitutional laws▫The authors of these acts kept their names
secret at the time James Madison T. Jefferson
![Page 57: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Check Up!1. Should the gov. be allowed to pass laws such as the Alien
and Sedition Acts during wartime?2. How could the Alien and Sedition Act be used to
suppress political descent?3. Does the Bill of Rights go far enough, or too far, in
protecting civil liberties?4. Should states be allowed to nullify federal laws, as the
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions suggested?
![Page 58: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Prompt: How did the Quasi War with France create a constitutional crisis within the United States? - XYZ Affair - Alien and Sedition Acts- Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Reasoning Evidence/O.I. Inference
Assertion
Conclusion
![Page 59: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Review• Many events from
Presidencies of Wash. And Adams were discussed
• Key Concepts: Power of Government▫ Should the gov. be
allowed to pass laws such as the Alien and Sedition Acts during wartime?
▫ Does the Bill of Rights go far enough, or too far, in protecting civil liberties?
▫ Power of Central Gov. vs. States
![Page 60: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Sites• Bill or Rights• Whiskey Rebellion
National Historic Site• Alexander Hamilton• Jay’s Treaty• Pinckney’s Treaty• Treaty of Greenville• George Washington• Mount Vernon• John Adams• Adams National Historic P
ark
![Page 61: New Republic](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062816/56813344550346895d9a3c17/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Source• http://college.cengage.co
m/history/lecturepoints/part01_lecture08/part01_lecture08.html