The information contained in this poster is subject to a government license. Duramat Workshop
Golden, Colorado October 10 and 11 (2016)
This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. We would like to acknowledge SuNLaMP PVQAT funding from the Department of Energy
NREL is a national laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
NREL Testing, Measurement, and Characterization Steve Johnston, Tim Silverman, Bill Marion, Chris Deline, Peter Hacke
1. Module-scale EL imaging (c-Si)
7. Testing of coupons and modules 8. Module-integrated electronics testing
2. Module-scale EL imaging (monolithic thin-film) 3. Module-scale thermal imaging
5. Performance and Energy Rating Testbed (PERT)
6. Testing of coupons and modules
Detect broken cells with electroluminescence (EL) imaging
High-rate EL imaging during mechanical stress
Characterize nonuniformity in different wavelength ranges using EL imaging
Detect damage due to partial
shade using EL imaging
InGaAs (700 nm–1700 nm)
Si (400 nm–1100 nm)
before
after
EL images can show cracks and defects in
the module.
ILIT amplitude image
thermal image
Identify and quantify shunts using illuminated lock-in thermography (ILIT)
Image through glass or backsheet of Si modules. (Better spatial resolution with backside imaging and lock-in)
Steady-state Dark lock-in thermography
Outdoor PL imaging of c-Si in full sunlight
Indoor PL to detect partial-
shade damage in
CIGS
Zoom into this
region
Module EL image PL EL
PL shows response from device, while EL shows that series resistance is high.
4. Module-scale PL imaging • ISO 17025 accredited outdoor PV performance measurements • Can resolve performance differences as small as 0.5% between side-
by-side PV modules • 15-minute I-V curves, peak-power tracking, and PV module temperature
data measured with Raydec Multi-Tracer
• Irradiance measured with Kipp & Zonen CMP-22 pyranometers
• 45 PV module capacity • PV module powers to
350 W • Test durations from
days to years
• Contact: [email protected]
• Contact: [email protected], [email protected] • Contact: [email protected], [email protected] • Contact: [email protected], [email protected]
• Contact: [email protected], [email protected]
Multiple environmental chambers maybeusedfordampheat,humidityfreeze,thermalcycling,etc.;withcapabili:esforin-situevalua:onbydarkI-Vmethodsformodules
Multiple Xe and UV-A- based weathering chambers arealsoavailable.Asaltfogchamberisavailableforcorrosiontes:ng.
Optical and electrical characterization LightIV,DarkIV,FTIR,massspectroscopy,andRamenspectroscopyareavailableforanalysesofdegrada:onmechanisms.Variousspectrophotometers,reflectometers,andaglossmeterexistforanalyzingop:calproper:esofmaterials.
Mechanical properties Sta:cloading,pulltesters,iceballtes:ng,andothertoolsareavailableforexaminingadhesion,creep,andothermechanicalproper:es.
Wear and durability TABER,fallingsand,andbrushtes:ngequipmentarecapabili:esfortes:ngwearanddurabilityofsurfacesandcoa:ngs.
Surface scienceAgoniometerisacapabilityavailableformeasuringcontactangles.
Non-destructive analysis tools includingacous:cmicroscopyandX-raytomographyareavailableMetallography includingpolishing(sanding,FIB),microscopy,X-rayforstudyofmetalliza:on,adhesion,interfaces,etc.
Roof-top and field test beds OTFfacilityhasextensivesystemmonitoringforambienttemperature,moduletemperature,deviceheatsinktemperature,humidity,AC&DCcurrent,monitoringRMSpower,etc.Chamber testing Applica:onofhightemperaturestress,humidityfreeze,dampheat,etc.Poweredandunpoweredtests.Power analyzers YokogawaWT500
DC power suppliesforsourcingandDCloadingofdevices
LabVIEW soXwarefordrivingtes:ng
NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF)forlargerscaletes:ng(gridsimulators,regenera:veloading,mul:-channelpoweranalyzers) Failure Analysis Mul:pleanalysis,imaging,andmicroscopytoolsavailable
• See also posters by David Miller, Michael Kempe
• See also capabilities by Nick Bosco, David Miller Steve Johnston, Michael Kempe and Mowafak Al-Jassim • See also poster by Steve Johnston
