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Nutrition
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“Consumers” need complex carbon compounds for energy building blocks
To release energy, oxidize glucose:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H2O
686 Cal released per mole of glucose.
Respiration
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What do living things do with chemical energy? 1. Mechanical work
muscular contraction 2. Transport work
maintain appropriate concentrations of chemicals within cells
3. Biosynthesis build large biomolecules
The work of Life
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Metabolism is the totality of chemical reactions in living matter.
Two directions:anabolic: building up complex biomoleculescatabolic: breaking down complex molecules,
releasing energy
Metabolism
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It Takes Energy To Survive
For every Kg of body weight 1.0 Calorie is required every hour.
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A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1 deg C.
When we talk about food values we refer to them as Calories (notice the C). Which are actually kilocalories, thus 1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie
Measuring Metabolic rate
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There for, 1 Calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of water by 1 deg C.
Measuring Metabolic rate
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Food is also measured in joules (J)
1 calorie = 4.2 J
Measuring Metabolic rate
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Daily Recommended Dose
Men Women
Safe Weight loss 2,300 2,000
Maintain weight 2,500 2,200
Active or gain 2,700 2,400
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Like fuel for a car, the energy we need has to be blended. The blend that we require is as follows:
57% Carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, bread, cakes)
30% Fats (dairy products, oil) 13% Protein (eggs, milk, meat, poultry, fish)
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Calories
The General Guide to Calories provides a general reference for calories when you look at a Nutrition Facts label. This guide is based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Eating too many calories per day is linked to overweight and obesity
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Carbohydrates
Make up 5% of the body massBody’s main fuel sourceCells release the energy by oxidising glucose
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Carbohydrates
Unprocessed carbohydrates Starch Cellulose
Processed carbohydrates Sugar Flour
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Lipids
Make up 10% of our body massForm an essential part of cell structureLong term energy storageInsulationProtection
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Dieticians generally recommend that no more than 30% of calories come from fat.
Are fats bad for you?
NO they help carry and store vitamins A,D,E, and K
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Saturated Fats
Saturated fats and trans fats are often called "bad fats" because they raise cholesterol and increase a person's risk for developing heart disease.
Both saturated and trans fats are solid at room temperature
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Unsaturated Fats
These are fats that are liquid at room temperature.
Unsaturated fats are often called "good fats" because they don't raise cholesterol levels as saturated
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Proteins
Make up 18% of body massAll cells contain proteinGrowth and repairEnzymes
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Proteins
Dieticians generally recommend a maximum intake of 70 g per day
Protein-deficiency disease called kwashiorkor are common in poorer countries.
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Minerals
Important for cellular function 3g of iron in the body
Mineral deficiency diseases Rickets Anaemia
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Minerals
Calcium -teeth and bonesPhosphorus - teeth, bones and DNASodium - body fluidsChlorine - body fluidsMagnesium - bones and cellsIron - haemoglobin
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Vitamins
Important for cell functions -effect of deficiency
Vitamin deficiency Rickets Night blindness Scurvy Beri-beri
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Vitamins
A - eye B1 - cell respirationB2 - cell respirationB3 - cell respirationC - cell linings, immune systemD - bones
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New Food Pyramid
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MyPyramid Messages
Make Half Your Grains Whole
▲Eat at least 3 ounces of whole grain foods everyday!
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Vary Your Veggies
▲ Eat more: dark vegetables
orange vegetablesdry beans and peas
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▲Choose a variety of fresh, frozen, canned or dried fruits.
▲Go easy on fruit juices.
Focus on Fruits
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Know Your Fats
▲Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts and vegetable oils.
▲Limit solid fats such as butter and shortening
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Get Your Calcium-Rich Foods
▲Choose low-fat or fat-free products.
▲Choose lactose-free products if lactose intolerant.
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▲ Choose low-fat or lean meats and poultry.▲ Bake, broil and grill!▲ Vary choices adding more fish, beans,
peas, nuts and seeds.
Go Lean with Protein
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▲Be active at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
▲Children should be active 60 minutes every day or most days a week.
Find Your Balance Between Food and Physical Activity