Nutrition

“Consumers” need complex carbon compounds for energy building blocks

To release energy, oxidize glucose:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ==> 6CO2 + 6H2O

686 Cal released per mole of glucose.

Respiration

What do living things do with chemical energy? 1. Mechanical work

muscular contraction 2. Transport work

maintain appropriate concentrations of chemicals within cells

3. Biosynthesis build large biomolecules

The work of Life

Metabolism is the totality of chemical reactions in living matter.

Two directions:anabolic: building up complex biomoleculescatabolic: breaking down complex molecules,

releasing energy

Metabolism

It Takes Energy To Survive

For every Kg of body weight 1.0 Calorie is required every hour.

A calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 g of water by 1 deg C.

When we talk about food values we refer to them as Calories (notice the C). Which are actually kilocalories, thus 1,000 calories = 1 kilocalorie

Measuring Metabolic rate

There for, 1 Calorie is the amount of energy required to raise 1 kg of water by 1 deg C.

Measuring Metabolic rate

Food is also measured in joules (J)

1 calorie = 4.2 J

Measuring Metabolic rate

Daily Recommended Dose

Men Women

Safe Weight loss 2,300 2,000

Maintain weight 2,500 2,200

Active or gain 2,700 2,400

Like fuel for a car, the energy we need has to be blended. The blend that we require is as follows:

57% Carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, bread, cakes)

30% Fats (dairy products, oil) 13% Protein (eggs, milk, meat, poultry, fish)

Calories

The General Guide to Calories provides a general reference for calories when you look at a Nutrition Facts label. This guide is based on a 2,000 calorie diet.

Eating too many calories per day is linked to overweight and obesity

Carbohydrates

Make up 5% of the body massBody’s main fuel sourceCells release the energy by oxidising glucose

Carbohydrates

Unprocessed carbohydrates Starch Cellulose

Processed carbohydrates Sugar Flour

Lipids

Make up 10% of our body massForm an essential part of cell structureLong term energy storageInsulationProtection

Dieticians generally recommend that no more than 30% of calories come from fat.

Are fats bad for you?

NO they help carry and store vitamins A,D,E, and K

Saturated Fats

Saturated fats and trans fats are often called "bad fats" because they raise cholesterol and increase a person's risk for developing heart disease.

Both saturated and trans fats are solid at room temperature

Unsaturated Fats

These are fats that are liquid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fats are often called "good fats" because they don't raise cholesterol levels as saturated

Proteins

Make up 18% of body massAll cells contain proteinGrowth and repairEnzymes

Proteins

Dieticians generally recommend a maximum intake of 70 g per day

Protein-deficiency disease called kwashiorkor are common in poorer countries.

Minerals

Important for cellular function 3g of iron in the body

Mineral deficiency diseases Rickets Anaemia

Minerals

Calcium -teeth and bonesPhosphorus - teeth, bones and DNASodium - body fluidsChlorine - body fluidsMagnesium - bones and cellsIron - haemoglobin

Vitamins

Important for cell functions -effect of deficiency

Vitamin deficiency Rickets Night blindness Scurvy Beri-beri

Vitamins

A - eye B1 - cell respirationB2 - cell respirationB3 - cell respirationC - cell linings, immune systemD - bones

New Food Pyramid

MyPyramid Messages

Make Half Your Grains Whole

▲Eat at least 3 ounces of whole grain foods everyday!

Vary Your Veggies

▲ Eat more: dark vegetables

orange vegetablesdry beans and peas

▲Choose a variety of fresh, frozen, canned or dried fruits.

▲Go easy on fruit juices.

Focus on Fruits

Know Your Fats

▲Make most of your fat sources from fish, nuts and vegetable oils.

▲Limit solid fats such as butter and shortening

Get Your Calcium-Rich Foods

▲Choose low-fat or fat-free products.

▲Choose lactose-free products if lactose intolerant.

▲ Choose low-fat or lean meats and poultry.▲ Bake, broil and grill!▲ Vary choices adding more fish, beans,

peas, nuts and seeds.

Go Lean with Protein

▲Be active at least 30 minutes most days of the week.

▲Children should be active 60 minutes every day or most days a week.

Find Your Balance Between Food and Physical Activity