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Nutrition, diet, and
oral health
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Nutrition and diet Nutrient: substances found in food that
provide energy, promote growth andrepair tissues, and regulate metabolism
Nutrition: the study of food and nutrientsand their eect on health, growth anddevelopment of the individual.
Diet: the diet is the sum of foodconsumed by a person or other organism
a dietis the usual selection of foodseaten by a person or animal
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Diet counseling
Diet counseling: is a meeting
between dentist and patient to knowmore about the patients diet andprovide an advice for a healthy diet.
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Why diet counseling isimportant
!o know more about patients diet
!o assess the "uality of the diet
#good or bad diet$ !o assess patients eating habits
!o evaluate the potential of patients
diet toward the oral health.
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%ow a diet can be healthy?
Healthy diet is a balanced diet thatnaturally supplies all the essentialnutrients for body.
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%ow a diet can be healthy#continue$
&alanced diet should include the followingdaily:
'mphasi(es fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, and fat)free or low)fat milk andmilk products
*ncludes lean meats, poultry, +sh, beans,eggs, and nuts and
*s low in saturatedfats, transfats,cholesterol, salt #sodium$, and addedsugars
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-ood yramid
-ood /uide yramid is one way forpeople to understand how to eathealthy
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-ood yramid
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rotein#0 calories1gram$
roteins: are large organiccompounds made of amino acids.
Daily re"uirements:
women need 02 grams of protein perday.
men need 32 grams of protein perday
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4alnutrition
Malnutritionis a general term for amedical condition caused by animproper or insu5cient diet.
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4inerals#6 calories1gram$
chemical elements re"uired by livingorganisms
7upport biochemical reactions. e.g.
8alcium #bone, tooth structure, andmuscles$,
*ron #hemoglobin$, and *odine #!hyro9in$
ppropriate intake levels of minerals
are re"uired to maintain optimal health
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;itamins#6 calories1gram$
vitamin is an organic compoundre"uired as a nutrient in tiny amountsby an organism.
Not synthesis in su5cient "uantities bythe body.
4ust be obtained from diet.
%ave diverse functions: s hormones #vitamin D$
s antio9idants #vitamin '$
8ollagen synthesis #vitamin 8$
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;itamins de+ciency
De+ciency: improper amount:
rimary #insu5cient intake$
7econdary #improper use$
;itamins de+ciencies interfere with
proper function of vitamins:)Scurvydue to vitamin
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8arbohydrates#0 calories1gram$
7imple organic compounds that arealdehydes or ketones with many
hydro9yl groups added. %ave 4ultiple roles such as:
storage and transport of energy
#starch, glycogen$structural components #cellulose in
plants$
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8arbohydrates
8lassi+cation:
4onosaccharide : e.g. glucose ,fructose
Disaccharides: e.g. milk sugar #lactose$, cane sugar #sucrose$.
8omple9 #oligosaccharides andpolysaccharides$ e.g. starch, cellulose
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8arbohydrates and caries
&acteria in the oral cavity#7treptococcus mutants$ convertcertain carbohydrates into lactic acid
#fermentation$. !hese carbohydrates called
fermentable carbohydrates #e.g.:
sucrose, glucose, fructose$ >actic acid lead to deminerali(ation of
tooth surface #loss of minerals$
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8ariogenic potential of food
8ariogenic potential: ability to cause caries.
!he cariogenic potential of food depend on:
composition
te9ture
solubility
retentiveness
ability to stimulate saliva ?ow
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