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Objective: You will be able to differentiate
between living and nonliving things.
Do Now:• Read the introduction on top of page 16• Define biology
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Characteristics of living things
• Made up of cell(s)• Grow and develop• Reproduce• Obtain and use energy and materials• Respond to the environment• Maintain a stable internal environment• Based on a genetic code• As a group, change over time
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Objective: You will be able to identify cells using
a compound light microscope.
Do Now:• Read “Made up of cells” on p. 17• How many different cells are found in the human
body?
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Living things and cells
• All living things are made up of one or more cells
• Cells are the functional unit of living things
• Some organisms have only one cell and are called unicellular
• Some are even made up of trillions of cells
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Do you smell what the Rock’s
cooking?
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Living things grow and develop
• Unicellular creatures simply increase their cell size
• Multicellular organisms go through growth called development– Development begins with a fertilized egg that
divides into different types of cells– This is called differentiation because it makes
different types of cells
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Objective: You will be able to explain how reproduction can create offspring that are similar and different.
Do Now:• Read “Reproduction” on p. 17• Differentiate between sexual and asexual
reproduction
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Reproduction
• Is the creation of a new individual
• Can be done by:– Sexual reproduction– Asexual reproduction
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Types of reproduction
• Sexual involves cells from two different parents combining– Offspring are not exactly like either parent
• Asexual involves one parent creating offspring– Offspring are usually identical to parent
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Based on a genetic code
• Explains how offspring inherit traits from parents– Traits are characteristics passed from one
generation to the next
• DNA is a molecule that carries the traits from parent to offspring– It is called the hereditary material
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DNA
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Do you smell what the Rock’s cooking!
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How many different
letters are there?
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Paired Activity
• View several hydra under the microscope
• Draw a hydra and label the parent and the offspring
• Write a sentence that compares the offspring to the parent
• How does the hydra know how to make another hydra and not a monkey?
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Objective: You will be able to explain the
reason why organisms must consume food. Do Now:• Read “Need for material and energy” on p. 18• List the reasons that organisms need materials
and energy
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Obtain and use materials and energy
• Food is energy• Organisms take in material for energy
– Some organisms eat (heterotrophs)– Some take in water and carbon dioxide to make
their own food (autotrophs)
• They use this energy to do chemical reactions to stay alive and grow
• All of the chemical reactions involving energy to keep organisms alive is called metabolism
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Paired activity• You will be given nutritional facts about
McDonalds and Subway• Choose a typical meal you would have at each
place• Compare your choices with the daily
recommended diet (below)– Compare fats, protein, carbohydrates and calories
• Choose 1 complete meal from each restaurant that would not exceed the daily recommended diet.
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Response to the environment
• Organisms detect and respond to stimuli• A stimulus is a signal which causes an
organism to respond– Ex. Bright light, predator– These are examples of external stimuli
• A stimulus can also be internal– Ex. Too much CO2 in blood
• Organisms must respond to the environment to maintain homeostasis
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Maintain a stable internal environment
• Even with changing external environment, most organisms must keep internal conditions stable– Examples:
• Body temperature• Blood sugar levels
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Objective: You will be able to explain how
favorable traits increase in a population.
Do Now:• Read “Evolution” on p. 20• Why can’t individuals evolve?
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Organisms change over time
• Individuals don’t change over time but groups do change
• This change over time is called evolution
• Over thousands of years, these changes can become significant
• Explains the diversity of life
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Adaptations
• Favorable traits that allow the organism to survive is called an adaptation
• Question– What would happen if an individual was born with a
new adaptation?
• Favorable traits (adaptations) increase in a population over time.– Continues to increase until all individuals have it
• So overall, all of the organisms did change
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What do you know?
• List 3 things you already know about evolution
• List 2 things you know about human evolution
• There are no right or wrong answers.
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Objective: You will be able to list the levels of
organization of life.
Do Now:• Read “Branches in Biology” on p. 20
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Organization levels
• Biologists break life down into different levels
– This make sit easier to study life
• The order from smallest to largest– Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and
organism
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Cells make up living things
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Tissues are groups of cells that work together
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Organs are made of tissues working together
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Organ systems are made of organs that work together
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Organism is made of a group of organ systems working together
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Paired Activity
• Chose one of the tissue slides
• Locate a cell of that tissue under high power
• Draw the cell and list what tissue it came from
• Repeat this until you have viewed four different tissue slides