Objective: You will be able to differentiate

between living and nonliving things.

Do Now:• Read the introduction on top of page 16• Define biology

Characteristics of living things

• Made up of cell(s)• Grow and develop• Reproduce• Obtain and use energy and materials• Respond to the environment• Maintain a stable internal environment• Based on a genetic code• As a group, change over time

Objective: You will be able to identify cells using

a compound light microscope.

Do Now:• Read “Made up of cells” on p. 17• How many different cells are found in the human

body?

Living things and cells

• All living things are made up of one or more cells

• Cells are the functional unit of living things

• Some organisms have only one cell and are called unicellular

• Some are even made up of trillions of cells

Do you smell what the Rock’s

cooking?

Living things grow and develop

• Unicellular creatures simply increase their cell size

• Multicellular organisms go through growth called development– Development begins with a fertilized egg that

divides into different types of cells– This is called differentiation because it makes

different types of cells

Objective: You will be able to explain how reproduction can create offspring that are similar and different.

Do Now:• Read “Reproduction” on p. 17• Differentiate between sexual and asexual

reproduction

Reproduction

• Is the creation of a new individual

• Can be done by:– Sexual reproduction– Asexual reproduction

Types of reproduction

• Sexual involves cells from two different parents combining– Offspring are not exactly like either parent

• Asexual involves one parent creating offspring– Offspring are usually identical to parent

Based on a genetic code

• Explains how offspring inherit traits from parents– Traits are characteristics passed from one

generation to the next

• DNA is a molecule that carries the traits from parent to offspring– It is called the hereditary material

DNA

Do you smell what the Rock’s cooking!

How many different

letters are there?

Paired Activity

• View several hydra under the microscope

• Draw a hydra and label the parent and the offspring

• Write a sentence that compares the offspring to the parent

• How does the hydra know how to make another hydra and not a monkey?

Objective: You will be able to explain the

reason why organisms must consume food. Do Now:• Read “Need for material and energy” on p. 18• List the reasons that organisms need materials

and energy

Obtain and use materials and energy

• Food is energy• Organisms take in material for energy

– Some organisms eat (heterotrophs)– Some take in water and carbon dioxide to make

their own food (autotrophs)

• They use this energy to do chemical reactions to stay alive and grow

• All of the chemical reactions involving energy to keep organisms alive is called metabolism

Paired activity• You will be given nutritional facts about

McDonalds and Subway• Choose a typical meal you would have at each

place• Compare your choices with the daily

recommended diet (below)– Compare fats, protein, carbohydrates and calories

• Choose 1 complete meal from each restaurant that would not exceed the daily recommended diet.

Response to the environment

• Organisms detect and respond to stimuli• A stimulus is a signal which causes an

organism to respond– Ex. Bright light, predator– These are examples of external stimuli

• A stimulus can also be internal– Ex. Too much CO2 in blood

• Organisms must respond to the environment to maintain homeostasis

Maintain a stable internal environment

• Even with changing external environment, most organisms must keep internal conditions stable– Examples:

• Body temperature• Blood sugar levels

Objective: You will be able to explain how

favorable traits increase in a population.

Do Now:• Read “Evolution” on p. 20• Why can’t individuals evolve?

Organisms change over time

• Individuals don’t change over time but groups do change

• This change over time is called evolution

• Over thousands of years, these changes can become significant

• Explains the diversity of life

Adaptations

• Favorable traits that allow the organism to survive is called an adaptation

• Question– What would happen if an individual was born with a

new adaptation?

• Favorable traits (adaptations) increase in a population over time.– Continues to increase until all individuals have it

• So overall, all of the organisms did change

What do you know?

• List 3 things you already know about evolution

• List 2 things you know about human evolution

• There are no right or wrong answers.

Objective: You will be able to list the levels of

organization of life.

Do Now:• Read “Branches in Biology” on p. 20

Organization levels

• Biologists break life down into different levels

– This make sit easier to study life

• The order from smallest to largest– Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and

organism

Cells make up living things

Tissues are groups of cells that work together

Organs are made of tissues working together

Organ systems are made of organs that work together

Organism is made of a group of organ systems working together

Paired Activity

• Chose one of the tissue slides

• Locate a cell of that tissue under high power

• Draw the cell and list what tissue it came from

• Repeat this until you have viewed four different tissue slides