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Opportunities & Challenges Using Passively Collected Data
In Travel Demand Modeling
15th TRB Transportation Planning Applications ConferenceAtlantic City, NJMay 19, 2015
Andy MullinsIpek Sener, PhD
Rich LeeTexas A&M Transportation Institute
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Overview
• Project background• Data Types & Use Review• Web survey results• Applications to Advance Use of Data• Conclusions
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Project Background
• Passive data used roadway operations monitoring
• Stand-alone GPS units used for supplements to personal travel surveys.
• Mobile phones and particularly smart phones have enhanced supplemental use.
• Instances of replacement of some forms of travel surveying – like external or corridor. 3
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Project Background
• Barriers to wider use of data in model development?
• Replacement for traditional data in model development?
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Data Types & Uses
Cell Data• Identified efforts directed toward applications
in:– Model calibration– Route choice modeling– Trip distribution modeling– Activity-based modeling
• Numerous sub-regional/corridor applications 5
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Data Types & Uses
Cell Data• Sub-regional/corridor applications examples– Trip length– District-to-district flows– Highway traffic volume
• Generally comparable
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Data Types & Uses
GPS• Supplement to traditional travel survey– Improve accuracy of diaries
• External data sets– Transit & truck event-driven data
• GPS-only surveys
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Data Types & Uses
GPS - Smartphones• Research in use of other on-board technology
with GPS– Mode detection– Purpose imputation
• App-based data collection– Specific use apps– Passive? 8
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Data Types & Uses
Bluetooth• Initially small geographies & single corridors– Travel times
• Expanded use– Travel times– O/D matrix estimation– Route choice– Mode detection 9
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Data Types & UsesBluetooth• Considerations– Scale– Infrastructure dependent
Other Technologies• Social Networking Data• Smart Card Data
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Data Uses - Summary• Integration of with traditionally collected data• Hybrid approaches attractive• Key challenges to wider use– Data fusion– Margins of error/sample bias– Data processing standardization
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Survey of Use of Passively Collected Data
MPOs and Model Practitioners• Region Characteristics• Use of survey data• Why/how used passive data used• Type of passive data used• Concerns about passive data• Data merging/imputation
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Survey of Use of Passively Collected Data
Follow-up for details on• Use of passively-collected data• Model accommodation of passive data• Comparisons to other data sources
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Use of Travel Survey Data
No travel survey data
Traditional survey only
Passively collected survey only
Combination
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6(~8%)
0
48(~61%)
24(~31%)
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data – Type
Individual External Freight/Commercial
Speed/Travel time
Transit0123456789
10
5
3 3
7
0
9
7
2
5
0
9
2 2
5
2
BluetoothCellGPS
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data– Use in Travel Modeling
Other
Estimation of model components
Validation of model outputs
Benchmark to model outputs
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1(~5%)
8(~38%)
7(~33%)
5 (~24%)
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data– Reasons/concerns for not to use
048
121620
13
5
19 20
11
18
711
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data– Should provide the same info?
(20%)
(80%)
YesNo
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data– Should provide the same info?
YesNo
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BiasContentClear accuracy informationNeed secondary data
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Passively Collected Travel Survey Data– Should provide the same info?
YesNo
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Additional data worth data lossSupplemental useChange to model development process
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Future Efforts
• Evaluate data content– Full or partial trips– Trip Chaining– Origin, Destination, Route, Mode Precision
• Data Characteristics– Evaluation of sampling bias– Data expansion
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Future Efforts
• Demonstrated use– Case studies– Proofs-of-concept– Small implementations
• Atypical demand• Supplemental vs. exclusive use• Continuous data collection
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Conclusions
• Passive data collection methods– Technology influences uses– Limitations of use
• Uses in modeling– Modeling of trip patterns, lengths, times– Mostly supplement traditional surveys– Hybrid uses– Some exclusive use as source for model
development
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Conclusions
• Increased Use through applications that– Evaluate data• Traditional data substitute• Data linkage and fusion• Establish traditional survey data statistics
• Potential enhancements by data collectors• Potential direct access to data
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Conclusions
• Increased Use through applications that– Capitalize on inherent advantages• Amount and variety• Elements of a continuous source
– Non-traditional demand modeling– Evaluate use in forecasting contexts– Alternative model development methods
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Thank You