Organic Compounds!
“Built” around Carbon
• Carbon has 4 valence electrons• Forms: • Single• Double• Triple bonds
Hydrocarbons
• Often times… HUGE molecules. Consisting of carbon and hydrogen. Like:
• Gasoline, might be 25-30 Carbons and lots of Hydrogen ( some other elements too, but mostly C,H)
Allotropes ( types/ forms)
• Diamond – Pyrimidal structure
• Graphite- Sheets
• Coal- Amorphus
BuckyBalls! C60
Carbon Nanotubes
I like Bicycles!!!!!
Triglycerides
• Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
• Let’s draw it like:• (note to self… really cool drawing here!)
Saturated Fat
• The fatty acid is saturated with H
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
• Is missing some H, results in double bonds, and a “kink” in the “tail”
PolyUnsaturated Fatty acid
• Contain many missing H and therefore many double bonds. A very Kinky Tail
Significance of the Fats….
• Saturated Unsaturated PolyUnsaturated
• What are some examples:
• Significance?
Isomer
• An Isomer is a compound that has the same chemical formula but different structural formula
• C6H12O6
• Glucose, Fructose or Galactose
Naming Carbon Compounds
• Based on number of Carbons in the continuous chain. Prefixes are used- denoting the number of carbons. They are:
• 1= meth- 2= eth- 3= prop- 4= but- … pent-, hex-, hept-, oct-, non-, dec-
Classes of Organic compounds
• 1. Alkanes. Have only single bonds lots of H! (end with –ane) General formula is CnH2n+2
Examples:
Cycloalkanes: CnH2n
• 2. Alkenes Have 2 missing H and therefore will have a double bond (end with –ene)
• General formula is CnH2n
• Examples:
• 3. Alkynes have 2 pairs of missing H ( 4H total) (end with – yne)
• General formula is CnH2n-2
• Examples:
Substituents / Functional Groups
• There are 9 major functional groups that change a “simple” molecule into a slightly more complex one. Their names and properties will change.
• We’ll look at 5 of them that we see somewhat often.
Alkyls
• An alkyl is basically an alkane that has lost an H and is attached to a larger molecule
• Examples:
• Other examples: methyl propane, 2-methyl hexane, 3-ethyloctane
Halocarbons
• Halocarbons are basically alkanes that have a halogen.
• CFC’s Chloro Fluoro Carbons• Dichloro Difluro Methane• Destroy Ozone…• Used as refrigerants Freon, etc.
Amines
• Have an amino group- NH2
• Amino Acids:• Methylamine, aminomethane:
• 1,4-diaminobutane:
• 1,5-diaminopentane:
Carboxylic Acids
• Carboxylic acids have a carboxyl group COOH associated with them. (end with –oic acid)
• CH3COOH• Ethanoic acid• Aka acetic acid aka vinegar!
Alcohols
• Alcohols have an OH attached to them (end with –ol) ( or a specific alcohol)
• Methanol , methyl alcohol• Ethanol• Propanol– Isopropanol
• 3- Octanol