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Organic Reactions
Page 696 in TextPage 10:41 in Regents Review Book
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Substitution Definition: replacement of one kid of atom
or group by another kind of atom or group in alkanes only
Example:
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Addition
Definition: Adding one or more atoms at a double or triple bond in alkenes and alkynes but not in alkanes because there are no multiple bonds
Example:
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Fermentation
Glucose is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide by enzymes
C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2
Glucose Ethanol Carbon
Dioxide
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Esterification
The reaction between an acid and an alcohol produce and ester and water
Example: ethanoic acid + methanol → methyl ethanoate + water
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Saponification
The reverse of esterification Esters break into acid and alcohol Produces soap
Fat + Strong Base → soap + glycerol
Salt of an acid Alcohol
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Combustion
Burning a hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen
Produces CO2 + H2O
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Polymerization Smaller molecules (monomers) join
together to form a larger molecule (polymers)
Condensation Polymerization – dehydration (remove water) to form a polymer
Naturally occuring polymers include starch, protein and cellulose.
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Polymerization
Addition Polymerization Monomers joining together by breaking
a double or triple bond to form a polymer
Ethene breaking bondsto form polyethylene