Organic Reactions

Page 696 in TextPage 10:41 in Regents Review Book

Substitution Definition: replacement of one kid of atom

or group by another kind of atom or group in alkanes only

Example:

Addition

Definition: Adding one or more atoms at a double or triple bond in alkenes and alkynes but not in alkanes because there are no multiple bonds

Example:

Fermentation

Glucose is broken down into ethanol and carbon dioxide by enzymes

C6H12O6 → C2H5OH + CO2

Glucose Ethanol Carbon

Dioxide

Esterification

The reaction between an acid and an alcohol produce and ester and water

Example: ethanoic acid + methanol → methyl ethanoate + water

Saponification

The reverse of esterification Esters break into acid and alcohol Produces soap

Fat + Strong Base → soap + glycerol

Salt of an acid Alcohol

Combustion

Burning a hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen

Produces CO2 + H2O

Polymerization Smaller molecules (monomers) join

together to form a larger molecule (polymers)

Condensation Polymerization – dehydration (remove water) to form a polymer

Naturally occuring polymers include starch, protein and cellulose.

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Polymerization

Addition Polymerization Monomers joining together by breaking

a double or triple bond to form a polymer

Ethene breaking bondsto form polyethylene