Download - Pacakging of glass & porcelain
Group No. 8•Naveen Varghese•Sagar More•Saktivel Nadar•Varsha Jagdale•Vinod Tavanoji
PACKAGING OF GLASS & PORCELAIN
PRODUCTS
INTRODUCTION SCOPE:
GLASS PRODUCTSPORCELAIN PRODUCTS
OBJECTIVE:MANUFACTURING PACKAGING MATERIALS USED FOR GLASS &
PORCELAINLABEL INFORMATION
CONTENTS
DEFINITION
RAW MATERIALS USED
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
PROPERTIES
PACKAGING & TESTING
PRODUCTS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS
GLASS: An INORGANIC PRODUCT of fusion Cooled through its GLASS TRANSITION Without crystallizing An amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material Typically brittle Optically transparent
DEFINITION
DEFINITIONPORCELAIN: A hard, white, translucent ceramic Made by firing a pure CLAY Glazed with variously colored fusible materials
GLASS
RAW MATERIAL
SAND – MAIN INGREDIENT
SODA ASH – FLUXING AGENT
LIME STONE – STABILIZERS
ALUMINA, MAGNESIUM & POTASH
MANUFACTURING OF GLASS
Weighing & Mixing
Glass Melting
Container Forming
Container Conditioning
Surface Treatment
Automatic Inspection
Product Handling &
Packaging
MANUFACTURING OF GLASS
TYPES OF GLASS
USP TYPE I BOROSILICATE GLASS
USP TYPE II DE-ALKALIZED SODA-LIME GLASS
USP TYPE III SODA-LIME GLASS
USP TYPE NP SODA-LIME GLASS
TYPES OF GLASS
USP Type I Borosilicate glass
- Neutral glass
- Least reactive glass
TYPES OF GLASS
USP Type II:
De-alkalized Soda-lime glass ○Sodium hydroxide & calcium oxide○Alkali resistant
TYPES OF GLASS USP Type III:
SODA LIME GLASS
- Liquid formulations
- Dry Powders
TYPES OF GLASS USP Type NP:
SODA LIME GLASS
- Capsules & tablets
- Lab Apparatus
COLOUR OF GLASSCarbon & Sulphur or Iron & Manganese dioxide
Cadmium & Sulphur Compounds
Cobalt or Cupric Oxide
Iron, manganese, chromium oxides
Fluorides & Phosphates
Manganese
Cuprous or Cupric Oxide
Iron Oxide
Chromic Oxide
Amber Yellow Blue Green Opal Violet Red Black Yellow Green
APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
Chemical & Pharmaceuticals
Food & Beverages
Decorative Articles
Laboratory apparatus
Windows & Furniture
Optical
Cosmetics
Perfumery
PORCELAIN
RAW MATERIALS
CLAY – MAIN INGREDIENT
FELDSPAR OR FLINT
SILICA
COMPOUNDS OF
AL ,OXYGEN & SOAP STONE
MANUFACTURING OF PORCELAIN
CRUSHING THE RAW
MATERIALS
CLEANING AND MIXING
FORMING THE BODY
BISQUE-FIRING
GLAZING
FIRING
FORMED PRODUCT
APPLICATION INDUSTRIES
ARCHITECTURAL
DECORATIVE ARTICLE
ELECTRICAL ACCESSORY
MEDICAL
CHEMICAL
HOUSEHOLD
BATHROOM FIXTURES
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES OF GLASS Transparent Chemically inert - Compatible with majority of
pharmaceutical formulations, food products, cosmetics Non-permeable to gas, moisture and odour Moldable - Any shape, size as desired Can be sterilized
100 % recyclable (environment friendly)
No need of protective coating inside
Do not deteriorate, stain, fade or corrode
Ideal for high speed filling /capping / labeling machines
Brittle/ Fragile
Heavy
PROPERTIES OF PORCELAIN Opaque
Chemically inert
Moldable - Any shape, size as desired
Can withstand High Temperature
Refractory
Tough & Durable
Stain & Water Resistant
Scratch resistant
Non Conductor of Electricity
Brittle/ Fragile
PACKAGING
PACKAGING Packaging Materials
CFB box
Paper Board Cartons
Thermoformed Plastics
Wooden Crates
Plastic Crates
Accessory Materials
Cushioning
Fillers
Wraps
Straps
CFB BOXES
Available in Various Sizes
Light weight
With or without partitions
Good Printability
Good stacking properties
Various flute types
QUALITY ASPECTS
Box compression strength
Edge crush test
Cobb test
Bursting strength
Grammage
Burst factor
Moisture content
Type of flute
PAPER BOARD CARTONS
Good aesthetics
Printability
Light in weight
Ease of packing, storing, distributing and shelving
QUALITY ASPECTS
Box compression Strength
Taber Stiffness
Cobb Test
Bursting strength
Grammage
Burst Factor
Moisture Content
THERMOFORMED TRAYS Easy Modification Low Initial Project Costs Short Production Time Short Tooling Lead Time
WOODEN CRATES
Transport large & heavy items
Easy to produce and acquire
Anti theft proof
Good stacking properties
Plastic Crates Smooth surface
Easily cleaning
Does not rot when kept on soil
Odourless
Hygienic
Light weight
Reusable
Recyclable
Environment friendly
CUSHIONING
Absorb kinetic energy during sudden impact or drop
Different Cushioning materials
Bubble films
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)
Expanded Polyethylene (EPE)
Expanded Polyurethane (EPU)
LABELING
LABELS
THIS SIDE UP
FRAGILE
DO NOT STACK
LABELS
HANDLE WITH CARE
KEEP DRY
CASE STUDY
GLASS PANEL
GLASS PANEL
Properties: Strongest on edges
Sharp corners
Large surface
Considerations: Packed upright on longest edge
Wooden crates to be used
Minimum 3” foam to be used
Rigid material at bottom edge
To be labeled as fragile
GLASS PANEL
BATHROOM FIXTURES
BATHROOM FIXTURES
Properties Heavy
High impact strength
Irregular shape
Protruded ends
Consideration Voids to be filled
Strap properly
Bottom of box to be tapped properly
FLOWER VASE
FLOWER VASE
Properties: Fragile
Irregular shape
Handles (weakest part)
Costly
Consideration: Fillers to be used
Bubble wrapped
Cushioned properly
GLASS BOTTLES
YOU THINKTHANK YOU
Definition Clay-A fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when
wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery.
Flux-A continued flow Feldspar -Any of a group of aluminosilicate minerals that also
contains calcium, sodium, or potassium. Feldspars are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust and are the major component in nearly all igneous rocks
Stabilizer- is a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state.
Anti theft proof: Due to the manufacturing process of nailing the boards together, opening the crates are sometimes harder which decreases the risk of unauthorized access to the goods
Disadvantages using wooden crates: 1. Low strength/weight ratio: Depending on the wood used, wooden crates have a lower
material strength than plywood. This is partly due to the manufacturing process of plywood where the fibres are put in different directions to increase strength.
2. More material needed: To get the same strength as other materials such as plywood, plastic or metal, more volume is needed. The increase in packaging volume may increase transportation cost.
3. Low material flexibility: Non-engineered wood generally has a lower material flexibility than for example plywood. This may result in damages from excessive pressure. With more flexible materials, pressure on the material can be spotted and decreased before damages occur.
4. Can seldom be reused: After opening most wooden crates, the solid wood material often has to be disposed of. This increases environmental impact and, if boards are not used for other purposes, requires resources for material disposal