Group No. 8•Naveen Varghese•Sagar More•Saktivel Nadar•Varsha Jagdale•Vinod Tavanoji

PACKAGING OF GLASS & PORCELAIN

PRODUCTS

INTRODUCTION SCOPE:

GLASS PRODUCTSPORCELAIN PRODUCTS

OBJECTIVE:MANUFACTURING PACKAGING MATERIALS USED FOR GLASS &

PORCELAINLABEL INFORMATION

CONTENTS

DEFINITION

RAW MATERIALS USED

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

APPLICATION INDUSTRIES

PROPERTIES

PACKAGING & TESTING

PRODUCTS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS

GLASS: An INORGANIC PRODUCT of fusion Cooled through its GLASS TRANSITION Without crystallizing An amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material Typically brittle Optically transparent

DEFINITION

DEFINITIONPORCELAIN: A hard, white, translucent ceramic Made by firing a pure CLAY Glazed with variously colored fusible materials

GLASS

RAW MATERIAL

SAND – MAIN INGREDIENT

SODA ASH – FLUXING AGENT

LIME STONE – STABILIZERS

ALUMINA, MAGNESIUM & POTASH

MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

Weighing & Mixing

Glass Melting

Container Forming

Container Conditioning

Surface Treatment

Automatic Inspection

Product Handling &

Packaging

MANUFACTURING OF GLASS

TYPES OF GLASS

USP TYPE I BOROSILICATE GLASS

USP TYPE II DE-ALKALIZED SODA-LIME GLASS

USP TYPE III SODA-LIME GLASS

USP TYPE NP SODA-LIME GLASS

TYPES OF GLASS

USP Type I Borosilicate glass

- Neutral glass

- Least reactive glass

TYPES OF GLASS

USP Type II:

De-alkalized Soda-lime glass ○Sodium hydroxide & calcium oxide○Alkali resistant

TYPES OF GLASS USP Type III:

SODA LIME GLASS

- Liquid formulations

- Dry Powders

TYPES OF GLASS USP Type NP:

SODA LIME GLASS

- Capsules & tablets

- Lab Apparatus

COLOUR OF GLASSCarbon & Sulphur or Iron & Manganese dioxide

Cadmium & Sulphur Compounds

Cobalt or Cupric Oxide

Iron, manganese, chromium oxides

Fluorides & Phosphates

Manganese

Cuprous or Cupric Oxide

Iron Oxide

Chromic Oxide

Amber Yellow Blue Green Opal Violet Red Black Yellow Green

APPLICATION INDUSTRIES

Chemical & Pharmaceuticals

Food & Beverages

Decorative Articles

Laboratory apparatus

Windows & Furniture

Optical

Cosmetics

Perfumery

PORCELAIN

RAW MATERIALS

CLAY – MAIN INGREDIENT

FELDSPAR OR FLINT

SILICA

COMPOUNDS OF

AL ,OXYGEN & SOAP STONE

MANUFACTURING OF PORCELAIN

CRUSHING THE RAW

MATERIALS

CLEANING AND MIXING

FORMING THE BODY

BISQUE-FIRING

GLAZING

FIRING

FORMED PRODUCT

APPLICATION INDUSTRIES

ARCHITECTURAL

DECORATIVE ARTICLE

ELECTRICAL ACCESSORY

MEDICAL

CHEMICAL

HOUSEHOLD

BATHROOM FIXTURES

PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES OF GLASS Transparent Chemically inert - Compatible with majority of

pharmaceutical formulations, food products, cosmetics Non-permeable to gas, moisture and odour Moldable - Any shape, size as desired Can be sterilized

100 % recyclable (environment friendly)

No need of protective coating inside

Do not deteriorate, stain, fade or corrode

Ideal for high speed filling /capping / labeling machines

Brittle/ Fragile

Heavy

PROPERTIES OF PORCELAIN Opaque

Chemically inert

Moldable - Any shape, size as desired

Can withstand High Temperature

Refractory

Tough & Durable

Stain & Water Resistant

Scratch resistant

Non Conductor of Electricity

Brittle/ Fragile

PACKAGING

PACKAGING Packaging Materials

CFB box

Paper Board Cartons

Thermoformed Plastics

Wooden Crates

Plastic Crates

Accessory Materials

Cushioning

Fillers

Wraps

Straps

CFB BOXES

Available in Various Sizes

Light weight

With or without partitions

Good Printability

Good stacking properties

Various flute types

QUALITY ASPECTS

Box compression strength

Edge crush test

Cobb test

Bursting strength

Grammage

Burst factor

Moisture content

Type of flute

PAPER BOARD CARTONS

Good aesthetics

Printability

Light in weight

Ease of packing, storing, distributing and shelving

QUALITY ASPECTS

Box compression Strength

Taber Stiffness

Cobb Test

Bursting strength

Grammage

Burst Factor

Moisture Content

THERMOFORMED TRAYS Easy Modification Low Initial Project Costs Short Production Time Short Tooling Lead Time

WOODEN CRATES

Transport large & heavy items

Easy to produce and acquire

Anti theft proof

Good stacking properties

Plastic Crates Smooth surface

Easily cleaning

Does not rot when kept on soil

Odourless

Hygienic

Light weight

Reusable

Recyclable

Environment friendly

CUSHIONING

Absorb kinetic energy during sudden impact or drop

Different Cushioning materials

Bubble films

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

Expanded Polyethylene (EPE)

Expanded Polyurethane (EPU)

LABELING

LABELS

THIS SIDE UP

FRAGILE

DO NOT STACK

LABELS

HANDLE WITH CARE

KEEP DRY

CASE STUDY

GLASS PANEL

GLASS PANEL

Properties: Strongest on edges

Sharp corners

Large surface

Considerations: Packed upright on longest edge

Wooden crates to be used

Minimum 3” foam to be used

Rigid material at bottom edge

To be labeled as fragile

GLASS PANEL

BATHROOM FIXTURES

BATHROOM FIXTURES

Properties Heavy

High impact strength

Irregular shape

Protruded ends

Consideration Voids to be filled

Strap properly

Bottom of box to be tapped properly

FLOWER VASE

FLOWER VASE

Properties: Fragile

Irregular shape

Handles (weakest part)

Costly

Consideration: Fillers to be used

Bubble wrapped

Cushioned properly

GLASS BOTTLES

YOU THINKTHANK YOU

Definition Clay-A fine-grained, firm earthy material that is plastic when

wet and hardens when heated, consisting primarily of hydrated silicates of aluminum and widely used in making bricks, tiles, and pottery.

Flux-A continued flow Feldspar -Any of a group of aluminosilicate minerals that also

contains calcium, sodium, or potassium. Feldspars are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust and are the major component in nearly all igneous rocks

Stabilizer- is a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state.

Anti theft proof: Due to the manufacturing process of nailing the boards together, opening the crates are sometimes harder which decreases the risk of unauthorized access to the goods

Disadvantages using wooden crates: 1. Low strength/weight ratio: Depending on the wood used, wooden crates have a lower

material strength than plywood. This is partly due to the manufacturing process of plywood where the fibres are put in different directions to increase strength.

2. More material needed: To get the same strength as other materials such as plywood, plastic or metal, more volume is needed. The increase in packaging volume may increase transportation cost.

3. Low material flexibility: Non-engineered wood generally has a lower material flexibility than for example plywood. This may result in damages from excessive pressure. With more flexible materials, pressure on the material can be spotted and decreased before damages occur.

4. Can seldom be reused: After opening most wooden crates, the solid wood material often has to be disposed of. This increases environmental impact and, if boards are not used for other purposes, requires resources for material disposal