Download - Philosophy of man
PHILOSOPHY OF MAN
“Philosophy may not teach us how to make a living; but it shows us that life is worth
living”
MARIONITO L. HINACAY
PHILOSOPHYThe love
of wisdomA discipline not to be defined but to be
inquired into
It knows no limits just as the human mind knows no boundaries
A desire or interest for an intellectual inquiry
It search for the rational explanations of reality and of man himself
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?
PHILOSOPHY
PHILOS(LOVE)
SOPHIA(WISDOM)
???
DERIVED FROM THE TWO GREEK WORDS
QUESTIONINGThe core in every philosophical inquiry
PHILOSOPHIZINGAnyone who asks questions
PHILOSOPHY IS A DISCIPLINE OF QUESTIONING
THREE FUNDAMEN
TAL CONDITION
S OF AN
AUTHENTIC QUESTION
THE PHILOSOPHICAL METHOD
LOGIC
The art of correct thinking and reasoning which is considered as a tool in facilitating questions and answers
Serve to support in arriving at clear, correct, valid, and consistent answers to questions which is the primary consideration in the other branches of philosophy
PHILOSOPHY As a Discipline of Questioning can be Explain in
Two Points:
DYNAMIC
• Because it is an unending series of questions
• Every answers become a new question
PERSONAL
•Man’s answer to a question may be valid to him but not to others•Philosophical concepts are not immutable because it differs from one to another
ELEMENTS OF AN IMPROVED PHILOSOPHICAL REASONING
• Following the established scientific
rules for correct thinking
• Observing certain order or procedure
• Considering things from disinterested point of
view, honestly considering difficulties
and problems, objections, and
alternative point of view
• Avoiding inconsistencies and incoherence
CRITICAL SYSTEMATIC
OBJECTIVEOr
UNBIASEDRIGOROUS
THE MAJOR DIVISION OF PHILOSPHY
•The study of reality or what is real
METAPHYSICS
•The study of knowledge and what we can know
EPISTEMOLOGY
•The study of the goodETHICS
THREE ULTIMATE QUESTION IN PHILOSOPHY
What can we Know?
What is Good?
What is Real?
DIVISION SUBJECT MATTER QUESTIONS
1. METAPHISICS Study of Reality1. What is ultimate reality2. Is it one thing or is it many
different things3. Can reality be grasped by
the senses or is it transcendent
4. What is the mind and what is its relation to the body
2. EPISTEMOLOGY Study of Knowledge
1. What is knowledge2. Is knowledge acquired
exclusively through the senses or by some other means
3. How do we know that what we perceive through our senses is correct
3. ETHICS Study of Human Action
1. What is right2. Are there any objective
standards of right and wrong
3. Are moral values absolute or relative
IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY“AN UNEXAMINED
LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING”
ARISTOTLE1. Philosophy is a way of
life2. Philosophy helps us
achieved better understanding of ourselves and the world
3. Philosophy opens up solutions to the pressing economic, political and social problems
“Character is that which reveals moral purpose,
exposing the class of things a man choose or
avoids”
ARISTOTLE
THREE SUBJECT MATTERS IN PHILOSOPHY
COSMOS
MAN
“PHILOSOPHY IS MERELY AN OSCILLATION OF THE PENDULUM
FROM ONE EXREME TO THE OTHER EXTREME”
EMERITA S. QUITOIT SWINGS FROM ONE POINT OF
HISTORY TO ANOTHER POINTIN A SPECIFIC ERA OF PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY THERE IS A CORRESPONDING
PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
THREE PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES
Assignment1. What is the meaning of the following terms?
1. Confucianism2. Taoism3. Yin-Yang4. Tao-Te-Ching5. Wu-Wei
2. What are the countries that are most strongly influenced by Confucianism and Taoism?3. Explain what is meant by the Confucian concept that in “order to govern others, one
must first govern oneself”4. Confucius praised those kings who left their kingdoms to those apparently most
qualified rather than to their elder sons. Do you agree to such political system? Justify your answer
5. Why do you think Confucianism and Taoism were repressed by Chinese communism?6. What is your point of view about the statement that Confucius was a “king without a
crown”? Elaborate well your answer7. Do you agree in all the philosophical concepts of man by Confucianism and Taoism? If
no, which are those in which you agree and disagree? Why?8. If you were to be Confucius or Lao-Tzu in the present time, do you accept such
challenge? Reason out
ASSIGNMENT
1. What are the meaning of the following terms?1. Buddhism2. Hinduism3. Karma4. Nirvana5. Dharma6. Reincarnation7. Samsara8. Doctrine of Anatman
2. Why do you think Buddha, who was sheltered in luxury, renounced early attachments and embarked on a quest for peace? Support your answer
3. Explain elaborately what you understand by the Four Noble Truths4. Do you think that the modern man can achieve the Noble Eightfold Path? Justify your
answer5. Explain the statement “life is a renewed cycle of birth, old age and death” in the
concept of Buddhism6. According to Hinduism concept of man, “man is divine”, explain what this statement
means7. Why is Hinduism did not prosper as a philosophy and religion in the present times?
Justify your answer