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What sort of thing am I?Where do I come from?

Why am I here?

What is my future anddestiny?

What must I do to live well

and happy?

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Philosophical Reflections on theProblem of the Body

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Man is his soul.

Soul is the essence ofhis humanity and thesource of all his

activities.The human body is an

unfortunate accidentand a cruelimprisonment.

Thus, a person shouldtry to evade his body inhis search for reality

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Man is the whole

of his body and

soul.

The relation of

the body to the

soul is therelation of matter

to form.

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Man can be divided intobody and soul, and nodoubt that the soul ismore important.

The soul is not a soul ifnot the soul of a body.

The end of the body is tobe filled with soul.

Man is the unity of thebody and soul, and he canonly exist as this unity.

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Man is not his soul for

the very essence of soul

inherently needs to be

one with the body

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There can be no unity ofthe body and the soulbecause they areessentially different.

Body  – physical, material, concreteSoul (i.e. mind) – non-physical,immaterial, abstract

Because of the conflictingnatures of body and soul,

Descartes rejects thehylomorphic theory of

 Aristotle.

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One of the defenders of

phenomenology

The experience of the body

is the primary datum that is

the starting point of any

philosophical reflection of

man.

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There are two faces

shown in the experience

of the body:• “I am my body” 

• “I have my body” 

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“I am my body” “I have my body” 

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• I cannot detach my body from myself

• If I were asked about myself, my answers

inescapably have reference to my body.

• Thus, I recognize that there’s an intimate relationof myself with my body.

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I cannot reduce myself to my body

I can also experience myself as a spirit and will that can

never be imprisoned in a body

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The Body as an

Intermediary• My body is an intermediary

between myself and theworld.

• On one hand, I experience

the world through my body.

• On the other hand, I

experience the world as

separate from me.

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The Body inIntersubjectivity• My body is not only an

intermediary between me

and the world but alsobetween me and others.• On one hand, I show myself

to the other and the othershows himself through the

body.• On the other hand, I canhide myself from othersthrough my body.